Deck 2: Post- Germ Theory, Microbiology, and Medicine

Question 1

During the "golden age of microbiology" what would be the least likely question in which scientists would wrestle?

A) Can life emerge from nonlife (spontaneous generation)?
B) Do microbes cause infectious diseases?
C) How diverse is the microbial world?
D) Do viruses in the soil and water carry out beneficial activities?

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Koch's postulates are important in that

A) They help in naming diseases.
B) They are used to find cures for diseases.
C) They establish the causative organism of a disease.
D) All of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch differed in what ways

A) Koch favored disease control where Pasteur favored immunity.
B) Koch favored vaccines where Pasteur favored disease containment.
C) Koch favored disease prevention where Pasteur favored disease eradication.
D) Koch favored disease immunity where Pasteur favored policies that prevented the spread of pathogens.
)

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Typhoid Mary is an example of a(n)

A) healthy carrier.
B) inactive carrier.
C) active carrier.
D) mail carrier.

Question 5

Penicillin was first made available by prescription circa __________.

A) 1905
B) 1935
C) 1945
D) 1955

Question 6

Enders, Weller, and Robbins were awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize for

A) keeping the peace.
B) cultivating the smallpox virus.
C) cultivating poliovirus.
D) their work in polio vaccines.

Question 7

What was the type of organism Alexandre Yersin discovered as the culprit behind the Bubonic Plague and where in the human body did he discover this pathogen?

A) gram +, blood samples
B) gram -, blood sample
C) gram +, buboes
D) gram -, buboes

Question 8

Why do we not know more about the diversity of the microbial life on our planet?

A) microscopes are limited in what they can observe.
B) limited number of microbes can be isolated and cultured in the lab.
C) it is difficult to find them because of their size.
D) there is a general lack of interest from the general public about them.

Question 9

The key finding of Griffiths 1928 transformation experiment was that dead S cells transformed

A) avirulent S cells into virulent R cells.
B) virulent S cells into avirulent R cells.
C) virulent R cells into avirulent S cells.
D) avirulent R cells into virulent S cells.

Question 10

Hershey and Chase demonstrated that the radioactive component of phage that entered bacteria is/are

A) carbohydrate.
B) DNA.
C) lipids.
D) protein.

Question 11

The virulence factor made by the S cells in Griffith's transformation experiment was

A) adhesin.
B) capsule.
C) exotoxin.
D) endotoxin.

Question 12

The significant finding made in 1953 was

A) that DNA is a double helix.
B) that nucleic acid was isolated from fish sperm and pus.
C) that phage carry DNA as the genetic material.
D) that genetic material is transferred between bacteria.

Question 13

Which of these drug(s) is NOT an antibiotic?

A) penicillin
B) sulfonamide
C) erythromycin
D) all are antibiotics

Question 14

What is a promising new tool to discover the breadth of the microbial life on earth?

A) New electron microscopes to see life never before discovered
B) Isolating DNA from environmental samples and sequencing it.
C) Using the worldwide web to connect scientists and their findings.
D) Using new chemical compounds to grow an increasing array of microbes.

Question 15

How did Fanny Hesse's cooking tip revolutionized bacteriology?

A) She suggested that scientists should grow bacteria on agar.
B) She created a chart for the proper cooking temperatures for medium
C) She created mediums that could grow a wider range of microbes
D) She created special containers to grow bacteria

Question 16

Julius Richard Petri designed the petri dish to overcome what problem in microbiology?

A) Cultures were difficult to observe in test tubes.
B) Cultures were contaminated when lids covering them were removed which exposed them to air.
C) Cultures were difficult to transport due to the weight and size of the containers.
D) The containers became too expensive to use for research.

Question 17

"Life begets life" refutes what theory?

A) cell theory
B) microbial theory
C) spontaneous generation
D) germ theory

Question 18

What was a key design feature that made the petri dish so successful?

A) Slightly larger lid than bottom
B) Light weight material
C) Easy to see colonies growing
D) Small size made it easy to transport

Question 19

Danish physician Hans Christian Gram was looking for a staining method for microbes that would do what?

A) Distinguish viruses from bacteria
B) Distinguish bacteria from the tissue in which they resided.
C) Distinguish different types of bacteria within a culture
D) None of the above

Question 20

What is an example of a microbe that is hard to find using the series of steps laid out Koch's procedure? What characteristics does this organism present that are challenging?

A) Mycobacterium leprae has one of the slowest generation times
B) Yersinia pestis cannot be isolated easily.
C) Clostridium perfringens will not grow in a laboratory.
D) Bacillus tetanus will not grow in a host animal.

Question 21

The creation of milk pasteurization is credited to ____________.

Question 22

Alexandre Yersin was a lesser-known French physician who discovered the pathogen for what dreaded disease?

Question 23

What cocktail is routinely used today in Georgia to prevent gastrointestinal infections in pediatric hospital

Question 24

What is does the acronym DNA stand for?

Question 25

________________act as molecular scissors to recognize and cut specific short stretches of nucleotides in DNA.

Question 26

What is the key characteristic of agar that makes it so useful in microbiology?

Question 27

The creation of the rabies vaccine is credited to ____________.

Question 28

The discovery of penicillin is credited to _____________________.

Question 29

Name Koch's postulates in the correct sequence.

Question 30

__________was the disease spread by Mary Malon in 1906.

Question 31

Name at least one of the advantages of using phages for research

Question 32

Immigrants going through Ellis Island would go through this procedure in which inspectors would look at their feet, legs, body, hands, arms, face, eyes, and head for deformities
___________.

Question 33

____________ is a bacterial chlamydia infection that can cause blindness.

Question 34

___________ are antimicrobials, not antibiotics because they are synthetic compounds, not products of microbes.

Question 35

Name the three scientists that received the Nobel Prize in 1954 for their work with poliovirus.

Question 36

What was labeled in the phage experiment performed by Hershey and Chase when using ³²P _________________ and ³⁵S___________________?

Question 37

How were Louis Pasteur and Edward Koch different in their approach to infective diseases?

Question 38

What did Pasteur mean when he wrote, "In the field of observation, chance favors only the prepared mind"?

Question 39

What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA?

Question 40

Hershey and Chase demonstrated that the radioactive component of phage that entered bacteria is DNA

Question 41

Human microbiota is unique to you. It may replace a thumb print or retinal scan for authentication.

Question 42

Increased bacterial diversity is associated with allergies.

Question 43

Morning breath is caused by the microbes in your mouth.

Question 44

Vegans and vegetarians have less diverse gut microbiota than meat-eaters.

Question 45

Describe the chronology of experiments that determined that DNA is the genetic material.

Question 46

Explain the process and significance of phage conversion. Make sure to include the terms prophage, lysogenized, and phage conversion.

Question 47

Describe Pasteur's experiments and how they were used to disprove spontaneous generation.

Question 48

List Koch's postulates and summarize their relevance.

Question 49

Justify why the mapping of the human genome was so important for the development of molecular biology tools.

Question 50

Describe the human microbiome and its association with diseases caused by microbes and changes in the immune system.