Deck 7: The Research Agenda

Question 1

How many BSL-4 facilities are there in the United States?

A) 13
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Answer 1

A

Question 2

As biobanks are often the final destination of samples collected during outbreaks, they are commonly implicated in the broader debate surrounding the transport, sharing, and management of samples, particularly across borders.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) supports two biosafety level National Biocontainment Laboratories and 12 Regional Biocontainment Laboratories, which are used specifically for research and are unable to assist in public health emergencies.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

There are over 15 BSL 4 facilities in the United States, including one in Maryland that is being used as a BSL 3 facility.

Question 5

Which institute at NIH supports biodefense research?

Question 6

Where are a collection of federal biodefense facilities located?

Question 7

What are some of the issues that come up in the debate over how many BSL-4 facilities are necessary?

Question 8

What is the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise?

Question 9

What is the Strategic National Stockpile?

Question 10

What are the two sides of the smallpox destruction debate?

Question 11

Which of the following refers to a managed repository of biological material and its associated information that can be accessed for research and other purposes?

A) Biobank
B) Biostock
C) Bioreserve
D) Biosource

Question 12

In 2015, in response to what outbreak, the World Health Organization (WHO) began to develop what would become known as the R&D Blueprint for potentially epidemic disease?

A) SARS
B) Ebola
C) Zika virus
D) Monkeypox

Question 13

The federal process for Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) starts with what agency, which is tasked with conducting risk and threat assessments and creating a list of agents and conditions?

A) U.S. Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) Department of Homeland Security
D) Department of Health and Human Services

Question 14

What agency, in collaboration with the rest of the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) partners, determines what should be in the Strategic National Stockpile and ensures the material has not expired?

A) U.S. Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) Department of Homeland Security
D) Department of Health and Human Services

Question 15

In 1966, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched an international campaign to eradicate what disease and, after 11 years, was successful, which made it one of the most profound public health accomplishments to date?

A) Polio
B) Smallpox
C) Tuberculosis
D) Scarlet fever

Question 16

As the awareness and perception of the threat of biological agents changed post-9/11, the rules and regulations applicable to research changed.

Question 17

Historically, biobanks and other repositories have been primarily located in less economically developed countries where vaccines, therapeutics, and other countermeasures are unattainable.

Question 18

The Project Bioshield Act, passed in 2004, provided companies with liability protection if a product was used for emergency purposes, but had not yet completed all final stages of approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Question 19

Once federal officials determine that an emergency exists and that Strategic National Stockpile assets should be deployed, an initial delivery of drugs, antidotes, and supplies can be made to any location in the country within 12 hours.

Question 20

Public health emergencies develop over a much more extended timeline than the natural disaster events that have historically been the focus of emergency planning and response in the federal emergency management community.

Question 21

When which of the following emerged in 2003 and a coronavirus was identified as the causative agent, scientific expertise regarding this relatively obscure virus was ready and available because of long-term funding by the NIH?

A) SARS
B) Ebola
C) Zika virus
D) Monkeypox

Question 22

The National Laboratories, part of what department, conduct advanced research into a range of challenging arenas often requiring advanced technical solutions, including biological threats?

A) Department of Energy
B) Department of Defense
C) Department of Agriculture
D) Department of Health and Human Services

Question 23

In recognition of the challenges posed by sample management and storage, prompted largely by the perceived shortcoming of the global response by which of the following, there has been renewed interest in developing global guidelines for biobanking?

A) SARS
B) Ebola
C) Zika virus
D) Monkeypox

Question 24

What piece of legislation established the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), which sits in the HHS office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response to manage the development of medical countermeasures against CBRN threats, emerging infections, and pandemic influenza?

A) USA PATRIOT Act
B) Public Health Improvement Act
C) Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act
D) Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act

Question 25

In response to the West Africa Ebola outbreak, which agency began to develop what would become known as the R&D Blueprint for potentially epidemic disease?

A) National Institutes of Health
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) Institutes of Medicine

Question 26

Through its intramural research program and extramural grants, the CDC supports the advancement of scientific knowledge that can lead to better understanding of disease threats.

Question 27

In addition to the research infrastructure funded by NIH, multiple other federal agencies support research that contributes to public health preparedness.

Question 28

Much of the federal biodefense work is centralized at Fort Dix in Trenton, New Jersey.

Question 29

Post 9/11, a new set of rules was instituted that were imposed on researchers who had previously operated in a regulation-free environment.

Question 30

Beyond questions of sovereignty and equity of access, there are safety and security concerns to consider when samples containing extremely dangerous pathogens are kept in research collections and biobanks.