Deck 48: Epidemiology of Alzheimers Disease

Question 1

Alzheimer's disease causes more than 2 million deaths annually in the world population.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The major factor responsible for the increasing incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of Alzheimer's disease is undoubtedly the increasing longevity in populations throughout the world.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease doubles every 5 years after 65 years of age for men and women.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

All of the classical risk factors for ischemic heart disease and stroke have been found to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 5

Studies funded by the tobacco industry suggest that smoking significantly increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Question 6

Obesity during midlife increases the risk of subsequently developing Alzheimer's disease.

Question 7

Low blood level of homocysteine increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Question 8

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has a positive risk benefit ratio.

Question 9

Familial Alzheimer's disease accounts for 5-10% of cases.

Question 10

Vascular dementia accounts for about 30% of cases of dementia.

Question 11

Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy Body dementia, alone or in combination, account for about 95% of all cases of dementia.

Question 12

Lewy Body dementia exhibits many of the features of Parkinson's disease.

Question 13

Clinical and neuropathologic features of dementia are nearly always concordant.

Question 14

Aggressive administration of currently available medications show significant clinical benefits in patients diagnosed with dementia.

Question 15

Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in middle aged and older individuals may represent an important strategy for decreasing the incidence of dementia and for slowing the progression of cognitive decline.

Question 16

Alzheimer's disease accounts for about what percentage of all cases of dementia?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 17

Major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease include all of the following except:

A) obesity in midlife.
B) hypertension.
C) type 2 diabetes.
D) low homocysteine.

Question 18

What is the approximate increase in the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease after age 65 years?

A) The risk increases by 50% every 5 years.
B) The risk doubles every 5 years.
C) The risk triples every 5 years.
D) The risk remains unchanged with aging.

Question 19

Favorable prognostic indicators for survival in patients newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease include all of the following except:

A) mild disease.
B) young age.
C) being female.
D) being male.

Question 20

Mutant forms of all of the following genes predispose to Alzheimer's disease except:

A) Presenilin 1 (PSEN-1).
B) Presenilin 2 (PSEN-2).
C) Sortilin-Related Receptor 1 (SORL1).
D) Amyloid beta Precursor Protein (APP).
E) HLA-B27.

Question 21

Which allele of the APOE locus increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease?

A) Apolipoprotein-E1 (APOE $\varepsilon$ 1)
B) Apolipoprotein-E2 (APOE $\varepsilon$ 2)
C) Apolipoprotein-E3 (APOE $\varepsilon$ 3)
D) Apolipoprotein-E4 (APOE $\varepsilon$ 4)

Question 22

Lewy Body dementia is characterized by all of the following except:

A) Parkinsonian symptoms.
B) clumps of alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin protein in neurons.
C) declining levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
D) gradual progression.

Question 23

Approximately what percentage of dementia cases demonstrate mixed neuropathologic features?

A) 5-10%
B) 10-15%
C) 15-20%
D) 20-25%

Question 24

Characterize the different forms of dementia.

Question 25

Characterize the global epidemiology of dementia.

Question 26

Discuss the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 27

Discuss risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.

Question 28

Describe the changing pattern of body mass that is characteristic of patients who develop Alzheimer's disease.

Question 29

Discuss results of studies of estrogen replacement therapy and Alzheimer's disease.

Question 30

Characterize genetic factors that predispose to Alzheimer's disease.

Question 31

Discuss the etiology of vascular dementia.

Question 32

Describe Lewy Body dementia and its relationship with Parkinson's disease.

Question 33

Discuss strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.