Deck 42: Epidemiology of Obesity

Question 1

Overweight and obesity are responsible for 2.8 million deaths annually, ranking fifth among the top ten leading causes of death worldwide.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In 2017, approximately 700 million adults were obese in the world population.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Globally, the number of overweight children under 5 years of age increased from 20 million in 2005 to 43 million in 2010.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The prevalence of obesity in women exceeds that in men by 5-10% at all ages.

Question 5

The prevalence of obesity is up to 10-fold higher in populations residing in urban areas than in rural areas.

Question 6

In the USA, the prevalence of obesity now exceeds 30%.

Question 7

In the USA, the steep rise in childhood obesity has paralleled the epidemic rise in adult obesity.

Question 8

In the USA, the highest prevalence of obesity is found in Caucasian women.

Question 9

Obesity has been found to exert deleterious effects on nearly every organ system of the body.

Question 10

Studies conducted in the USA suggest that obesity accounts for up to 70% of type 2 diabetes.

Question 11

A meta-analysis of 21 prospective cohort studies found that obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by 81%.

Question 12

The INTERHEART Study confirmed that elevated BMI is a better predictor of impending heart attack than elevated waist to hip ratio.

Question 13

A US study found that obesity accounts for 14-20% of cancer mortality.

Question 14

Obesity is inversely related to CRP level.

Question 15

Inflammatory adipokines have been etiologically linked to atherogenesis.

Question 16

Childhood obesity rarely tracks to adult obesity in the same individual.

Question 17

The number of fat cells (adipocytes) fluctuates widely in adults.

Question 18

The size of fat cells (adipocytes) fluctuates widely in adults depending upon storage of triacylglycerol for energy reserve.

Question 19

Major genetic shifts are undoubtedly responsible for the increasing rates of obesity in most populations.

Question 20

Bariatric surgery to reduce gastric capacity has proven to be effective in the treatment of morbid obesity in some patients.

Question 21

Approximately how many annual deaths are attributable to obesity in the world population?

A) 1 million
B) 2 million
C) 3 million
D) 4 million

Question 22

Approximately how many obese adults are there in the world population?

A) 400 million
B) 500 million
C) 600 million
D) 700 million

Question 23

Approximately how many obese children are there in the world population?

A) 10-20 million
B) 20-30 million
C) 30-40 million
D) 40-50 million

Question 24

What is the defining threshold BMI for obesity?

A) 25
B) 28
C) 30
D) 32

Question 25

The thrifty gene hypothesis states that:

A) genes have been selected that predispose to obesity.
B) genes have been selected that protect against obesity.
C) genetic drift has heightened the obesity epidemic.
D) genetic shift has heightened the obesity epidemic.

Question 26

Obesity increases the risk of all of the following conditions except:

A) type 2 diabetes.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) GERD.
D) HIV disease.

Question 27

Obesity increases the risk of all of the following conditions except:

A) sleep apnea.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) depression.
D) tuberculosis.

Question 28

White adipose tissue significantly influences all of the following physiological processes except:

A) energy storage.
B) endogenous inflammation.
C) atherogenesis.
D) non-shivering thermogenesis.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about brown adipose tissue (BAT) is incorrect?

A) BAT constitutes about 5% of weight in newborns.
B) BAT is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis.
C) BAT has abundant mitochondria.
D) BAT increases with age.

Question 30

Risk factors for obesity include all of the following except:

A) consuming an energy dense diet.
B) practicing a sedentary lifestyle.
C) living in a "built" environment.
D) living in a rural environment.

Question 31

Describe limitations of BMI in defining overweight and obesity.

Question 32

Discuss the global pattern of obesity and energy consumption.

Question 33

Discuss global time trends in obesity.

Question 34

Discuss obesity-related mortality and morbidity.

Question 35

Discuss the risk factors of obesity.

Question 36

Discuss the thrifty gene hypothesis of obesity.

Question 37

Define the term "adiposity rebound."

Question 38

Briefly discuss the role of adipokines in the development of insulin resistance and atherogenesis in obese individuals.

Question 39

How does living in a "built environment" influence the risk of becoming obese?

Question 40

Discuss strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of obesity.