Deck 3: Diesel Engine Emissions

Question 1

Categories of noxious emissions are referred to as regulated emissions because they __________

A)are greenhouse gases
B)are carcinogenic
C)are limited by legislative standards
D)each have an emission monitor to detect the production of a noxious gas

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In which of the following categories of emissions do crankcase emissions belong?

A)Hydrocarbons.
B)Oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
C)Particulates.
D)Carbon monoxide (CO).

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Technician A says that creating clean diesel engines has resulted in diesel engines using more fuel with less power output compared to older engines. Technician B says that even the latest engine technology will not enable diesels to operate as cleanly as spark-ignited gasoline-fueled engines. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Answer 3

A

Question 4

While discussing the reasons for banning diesel engines, technician A says that diesel engines make up only 5% of the vehicles on the road but produce 24% of the transportation emissions, an amount of emissions that is disproportionately higher than what spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled vehicles produce. Technician B says that diesels will produce fewer emissions for every ton of weight hauled compared to spark-ignited, gasoline-fueled engines. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 5

Technician A says that black smoke from the exhaust of a diesel engine is evidence of particulate emission. Technician B says that black smoke is just soot, which will harmlessly fall to the ground. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 6

Technician A says that crankcase vapors have oil droplets that categorize the emission as a hydrocarbon (HC). Technician B says that only gases are considered hydrocarbon emissions and oil droplets qualify crankcase emissions as a type of particulate emission. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 7

Technician A says that diesel engine crankcase vapors are made up primarily of air leaking past the pistons rings and can be vented directly to the atmosphere since it has no hydrocarbon or fuel in the air. Technician B says that crankcase vapors are classified as particulate emissions and are not vented to the atmosphere on late-model engines. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 8

During which of the following conditions are the highest NOx levels are produced?

A)High combustion temperatures, low compression ratios.
B)Low combustion temperatures high compression ratios.
C)High combustion temperatures, high compression ratios.
D)Low combustion temperatures, low compression ratios.

Question 9

Diesel engines do not use evaporative emissions controls because ____________.

A)fuel tanks are sealed and not vented to the atmosphere
B)vapors from diesel fuel are not toxic
C)diesel fuel has low volatility and exerts very low vapor pressure
D)there are fewer diesel-powered vehicles on the road and emissions are of little consequence

Question 10

Diesel's high compression pressure and excess combustion air increases which of the following exhaust emissions?

A)Oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
B)Particulates (PM).
C)Hydrocarbons (HCs).
D)Carbon monoxide (CO).

Question 11

While discussing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and diesels, Technician A says that carbon dioxide emissions are regulated through fuel economy standards. Technician B says that there are no direct carbon dioxide (CO₂) standards in North America for diesel-powered vehicles. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 12

Technician A says that carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are higher from diesel engines than from gasoline engines. Technician B says that diesel engines produce little or no carbon monoxide gas compared to gasoline engines. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 13

Technician A says that diesel exhaust has a noxious portion that is 5 to 10 times greater than the noxious component of spark-ignited, gasoline-fueled engines. Technician B says that the noxious portion of diesel exhaust is many times smaller than the noxious portion of spark-ignited, gasoline-fueled engines. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 14

Technician A says that high crevice volume in a diesel engine is responsible for producing excessive amounts of particulate emissions. Technician B says that high crevice volume produces excessive amounts of NOx emissions. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 15

Ultra-low-sulfur fuel has been used since 2006 because _____________.

A)it produces fewer emissions
B)high-sulfur diesel is more costly and difficult to produce
C)it provides increased power and improves fuel economy
D)it enables the use of diesel catalysts in the exhaust system

Question 16

Ultrafine particulate is the most hazardous emission because it _____________.

A)makes up the greatest mass of all particulate categories
B)quickly settles and falls to ground level
C)penetrates deeply into lung tissue
D)is a visibility hazard

Question 17

Technician A says the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) is used only to indicate emission-related faults. Technician says the MIL replaces other warning lamps to indicate any vehicle-related fault B. Who is correct?

A)Technician A
B)Technician B
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 18

The useful life requirement for a light-duty 2018 diesel is ___________.

A)150,000 miles (241,400 km)
B)185,000 miles (292,700 km)
C)435,000 miles (700,000 km)
D)100,000 miles (161,000 km)

Question 19

Measurement of engine emissions from a light- or medium-duty diesel to certify its compliance with EPA and EURO standards is ____________.

A)an opacity test
B)performed on a chassis dynamometer
C)performed by the OBD-II system
D)performed by following the SAE J-1667 test protocol

Question 20

The 2018 emission-monitoring system responsible for detecting potential faults that could cause light- and medium-duty diesel emissions to rise above maximum legislated levels is known as _______________.

A)On-Board Diagnostics 1 (OBD)
B)On-Board Diagnostics 2 (OBD-2)
C)Comprehensive Component Monitor (CCM)
D)Emission-Monitoring System (EMS)

Question 21

Which two emissions from engines are required to create smog?

A)HC (hydrocarbons) and NO_X (oxides of nitrogen)"
B)CO (carbon monoxide) and NO_X (oxides of nitrogen)"
C)CO (carbon monoxide) and CO₂ (carbon dioxide)
D)HC (hydrocarbons) and PM (particulate matter)"

Question 22

Which of the following refers to all forms of emissions existing as either a solid or liquid but not a gas?

A)HC (Hydrocarbons)"
B)CO (Carbon monoxide)"
C)CO₂ (Carbon dioxide)
D)PM (Particulate matter)"

Question 23

What are the gases produced when nitrogen reacts with oxygen under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions during combustion called?

A)NO_X (Oxides of nitrogen)"
B)CO (Carbon monoxide)"
C)CO₂ (Carbon dioxide)
D)HC (Hydrocarbons)"

Question 24

Technician A says that blowby is as noxious from a diesel engine as it is from a spark-ignited gasoline-fueled engine. Technician B says that crankcase controls for diesel engines involve recirculating the crankcase vapors back into the intake air inlet. Who is right?

A)A only"
B)B only"
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B"

Question 25

Blowby is classified as:

A)HC (hydrocarbons)"
B)CO (carbon monoxide)"
C)CO₂ (carbon dioxide)
D)PM (particulate matter)"

Question 26

Which of the following gases is NOT classified as a noxious gaseous emission?

A)HC (Hydrocarbons)"
B)CO (Carbon monoxide)"
C)CO₂ (Carbon dioxide)
D)PM (Particulate matter)"

Question 27

Technician A says that diesel vehicles produced fewer emissions for every ton of weight transported per mile. Technician B says that diesels carry much higher loads and travel much farther using less fuel. Who is right?

A)A only"
B)B only"
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B"

Question 28

Regulating ______ emissions lagged because emissions from this area of the engine are relatively minimal in comparison to gasoline engines.

A)NO_X"
B)CO₂"
C)fuel tank
D)crankcase"

Question 29

Beginning in January 2009, which US state was granted a waiver exempting it from US federal emission legislation causing it to enact its own mandatory limits?

A)California"
B)New York"
C)Utah
D)New Jersey"

Question 30

What is the fuel economy mpg for combined cars and light trucks in 2024 as established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

A)46.5"
B)40.3"
C)42.3
D)44.3"

Question 31

The use of which fuel can reduce CO₂ emissions by more than 70%?

A)LPG"
B)Biodiesel"
C)Gasoline
D)Diesel"

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of HC emissions?

A)Inadequate combustion time"
B)Improperly mixed air and fuel"
C)Fine spray droplets
D)Insufficient combustion heat and pressure"

Question 33

________ is the area where fuel can hide and lead to improper burning.

A)Swirl chamber"
B)Squish area"
C)Crevice volume
D)Quench area"

Question 34

Research has discovered that close to 50% of HC emissions from diesels can originate from the fuel trapped in the __________ area.

A)Semi-toroidal shaped piston"
B)Squish"
C)Crevice volume
D)Quench"

Question 35

Which of the following is a hydrocarbon counted in the measurement of an engine's total hydrocarbon emissions?

A)Propane"
B)Hydrogen"
C)Butane
D)Methane"

Question 36

Diesel's high compression pressure and excess combustion air increases which of the following exhaust emissions?

A)Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)."
B)Particulates (PM)."
C)Hydrocarbons (HCs).
D)Carbon monoxide (CO)."

Question 37

Black sooty exhaust smoke is evidence of:

A)carbon monoxide emissions"
B)sulfur emissions"
C)high NO_X
D)particulate emissions"

Question 38

PM-10 is particulate matter that is:

A)less than 10 microns in diameter"
B)more than 10 microns in diameter"
C)100 microns in diameter
D)0.010 microns in diameter"

Question 39

What type of particulate is formed primarily because diesel fuel burns from the outside inward?

A)Carbonized"
B)Grey carbon"
C)Oxygenated
D)Black carbon"

Question 40

Which of the following will MOST LIKELY allow soot to leak past the catalyst and into the exhaust?

A)Cracked particulate filter"
B)Missing particulate filter"
C)Wrong cetane fuel level
D)Failure to regenerate"

Question 41

Which of the following exhausts, which is so ultrafine and microscopic in size that it is not even visible to the eye, makes up the largest proportion?

A)PM-1.5"
B)PM-2.5"
C)PM-4.5
D)PM-4.5"

Question 42

Ultra-low-sulfur fuel has been used since 2006 because _____________.

A)it produces fewer emissions"
B)high-sulfur diesel is more costly and difficult to produce"
C)it provides increased power and improves fuel economy
D)it enables the use of diesel catalysts in the exhaust system"

Question 43

Technician A says the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) is used only to indicate emission-related faults. Technician says the MIL replaces other warning lamps to indicate any vehicle-related fault B. Who is correct?

A)Technician A"
B)Technician B"
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B"

Question 44

Technician A says the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) is used only to indicate emission-related faults. Technician says the MIL replaces other warning lamps to indicate any vehicle-related fault B. Who is correct?

A)Technician A"
B)Technician B"
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B"

Question 45

How many sets of emission regulations are used in the US?

A)1"
B)2"
C)3
D)4"

Question 46

The latest EPA standard is called:

A)Tier 1"
B)Tier 2"
C)Tier 3
D)Tier 4"

Question 47

EPA Tier 2 emissions standards used by on-road vehicles up to 14,000 lb gross vehicle weight (GVW) were phased in between:

A)2004 and 2010"
B)2006 and 2011"
C)2010 and 2012
D)2012 and 2017"

Question 48

What is the EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 standard for hydrocarbons for a durability of 50,000 miles or 5 years?

A)0.008"
B)0.015"
C)0.009
D)0.018"

Question 49

Tier II standards categorize vehicle emission levels into:

A)bins"
B)buckets"
C)parts
D)boxes"

Question 50

The Tier 3 standards introduced in 2017 closely align with:

A)California ULEV standards"
B)California LEV-II standards"
C)EPA Bin 5 standards
D)California LEV-III standards"

Question 51

The useful life requirement for a light-duty 2018 diesel is ___________.

A)150,000 miles (241,400 km)
B)185,000 miles (292,700 km)
C)435,000 miles (700,000 km)
D) 100,000 miles (161,000 km)

Question 52

Measurement of engine emissions from a light- or medium-duty diesel to certify its compliance with EPA and EURO standards is ____________.

A)an opacity test"
B)performed on a chassis dynamometer"
C)performed by the OBD-II system
D)performed by following the SAE J-1667 test protocol"

Question 53

What system is required for diesel engines to meet standards effectively and cost-effectively?

A)On-Board Diagnostic I"
B)On-Board Diagnostic II"
C)CARB Control
D)EPA II"

Question 54

When the _____________ is missing, use an online service or an online maintenance manual from the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to obtain a list of the required emission equipment.

A)Monroney label"
B)owner's manual"
C)emission decal
D)registration detail"

Question 55

Which of the following enables a more efficient engine operation at the cost of more complexity through the use of expensive exhaust system catalysts?

A)Exhaust aftertreatment"
B)Electronic fuel injection"
C)Electronic control module
D) Exhaust backpressure control valve

Question 56

To ensure compliance with legislated emissions standards, the CARB began developing regulations in _____ that required vehicles sold in California to use a diagnostic system to detect emission-related failures.

A)1982"
B)1981"
C)1984
D)1988"

Question 57

Two technicians are describing OBD II monitors. Technician A says that the comprehensive component monitor (CCM) is not part of the OBD-II system because it only monitors electrical circuits. Technician B says that CCMs are required to monitor output components for functional faults. Who is right?

A)A only"
B)B only"
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B"

Question 58

Two technicians are describing measuring opacity. Technician A says that you use a chart to match the darkness of the exhaust plume against an appropriate scale-measuring opacity and record the results. Technician B says that visible exhaust smoke for more than 30 seconds over a 1-minute period indicates a major defect in the engine combustion system. Who is right?

A)A only"
B)B only"
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B"

Question 59

During an opacity text, when exhaust smoke is just visible, opacity corresponds to approximately:

A)10%"
B)20%"
C)30%
D)40%"

Question 60

During an opacity text, you have an observer examine the exhaust plume against a light-colored background or:

A)a white board"
B)a bright sky"
C)a blue screen
D)a green screen"