Deck 14: Uncovering Health Disparities - A Case Study on Adverse Childhood Experiences and Intentional and Unintentional Injuries

Question 1

Based upon Chapter 14 as well as previous chapters, how implicit is statistical analysis to health disparities based upon your inferences from using the text?

A) Somewhat important
B) Sometimes important
C) Not very important
D) Critically important

Answer 1

D

Question 2

While very simple statistical approaches can be used, it is important to complete more sophisticated analyses.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The concept of the Disparities Chain based upon your reading of past chapters suggest that when disparities are identified, their causes are:

A) Most likely immediate and related to one cause
B) Most likely traceable to multiple causes that extend back in time
C) Neither of the above
D) Both of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

This chapter examines the role of ACEs. The acronym ACEs stands for Adverse Childhood Experiences that:

A) Occurred before the birth of a child
B) Occurred during the child's early life
C) Occurred during the person's life any point before the age of 18
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 5

Which "circumstances" listed below would be considered to be an ACE?

A) Parental divorce
B) Parental imprisonment
C) Parental substance use and/or substance use by others in the environment
D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 6

ACEs may affect which area or areas of the child's health listed below thereby becoming a determining factor that affects their later life behaviors?

A) Physical and mental health
B) Self-esteem and concept of who they are
C) Degrees of trust in humans in general and, as a result, their degree to form and/or sustain ultimate relationship
D) a, b and c
E) None of the above

Question 7

Which other experiences listed below may affect the physical, mental, social, and/or spiritual life of a child when they become an adult?

A) Moving residency multiple times
B) A parent who has a mental illness
C) Observation of a person injured in their neighborhood
D) A flood and/or other natural disaster
E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

Based upon research, which statement(s) below is/are true regarding ACEs?

A) Children in parental care experience ACEs less frequently than those in out-of-home placement
B) Approximately 20% of ACEs occur outside of the family
C) Children placed in foster care are nearly 300% more likely to report ACEs
D) a and b
E) b and c
F) a, b and c
G) None of the above

Question 9

Developmental trauma and complex trauma are:

A) Synonyms for ACEs
B) Antonyms for ACEs
C) Homonyms for ACEs
D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 10

The most common factors that lead to children being placed in out-of-home placement are ACEs. Which ACE listed below is the most common cause of out-of-home placement?

A) Physical abuse
B) Sexual abuse
C) Neglect
D) Psychological maltreatment

Question 11

In 2012, the research revealed that:

A) Latino Americans had a rate of reported maltreatment that was 5% higher than that of White Americans
B) Native Americans had a rate of maltreatment that was 55% higher than their White American counterparts
C) African Americans had a maltreatment rate that was 77.5% higher than that of White Americans
D) a and b
E) b and c
F) All of the above
G) None of the above
H) The above figures cannot be corroborated based upon the data presented in Chapter 14

Question 12

Which of the following statement or statements accurately describe the term "proximate cause".

A) An event that is closest to, or immediately responsible for causing, some observed result.
B) The second set of causes in the disparity chain
C) The last set of causes in the disparity chain
D) a and b
E) b and c
F) a and c
G) None of the above

Question 13

Based upon the text, the subgroup with the lowest risk of ACEs nationwide was:

A) White Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) African Americans

Question 14

There are no intra-racial/ethnic disparities in the risk of ACEs.

Question 15

Research supported by data from the National Incidence Study of Abuse and Neglect found that:

A) The observable differences in the racial/ethnic maltreatment rates cited in the text actually reflect disparate behavior by child welfare system nationwide in out-of-the-home placements.
B) Some researchers have found no significant differentials in rates of child maltreatment by race/ethnicity.
C) Researchers have found that the presentation of aggregated data for Native Americans obscured those tribes which have lower or similar rates of child maltreatment.
D) a and b
E) b and c
F) a, b, and c
G) None of the above

Question 16

ACEs primarily affect the mental health of children.

Question 17

The literature before the study done in Chapter 14 was completed revealed:

A) That unintentionally injured patients were 400% as likely to have been exposed to two or more lifetime traumas before their admission.
B) Research had been completed that assessed the association of ACEs with motor vehicle collisions.
C) Both a and b
D) None of the above

Question 18

Chapter 14 is a "case study" that is designed to determine:

A) If there is a relationship between ACEs and unintentional injuries in young adulthood based upon a literature review
B) Conduct a survey to determine whether disparities by race/ethnicity and sex exist in any relationships between ACEs and unintentional injuries
C) Both a and b
D) None of the above

Question 19

ACEs can be classified as chronic or acute.

Question 20

The sophisticated study completed in the chapter utilized the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Based upon Chapter 4, other databases that could have been used include:

A) The BRFSS
B) NHANES
C) a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 21

Add Health is not a school-based dataset.

Question 22

The persons from whom data were collected were:

A) Males and females age 7-12
B) Males age 7-12
C) Females age 7-12
D) None of the above

Question 23

The entirety of the dataset were used.

Question 24

In order to analyze the data:

A) EXCEL was used
B) An online statistical calculator was used
C) Both of the above were used
D) None of the above were used

Question 25

The case study used multiple logistic regression in order to conduct the analysis.

Question 26

The mean ACE Score was:

A) Higher for males at 0.04
B) The mean ACE Score for females was 0.036
C) The mean ACE Score for African Americans was 0.061
D) The mean ACE Score for Latinos was 0.079
E) a and b
F) b and c
G) c and d
H) None of the above
I) All of the above

Question 27

Which group was found to have the greatest number of ACES?

A) African Americans
B) Females
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 28

The relationship between ACEs and the adjusted odds of unintentional injury and serious injury in young adulthood was greatest for:

A) African Americans and Native Americans
B) Native Americans and White Americans
C) Latino Americans and Native Americans
D) None of the above

Question 29

"(A)OR" stands for:

A) adjusted over regression
B) adjusted odds ratio
C) adolescent observations of reality
D) None of the above

Question 30

This chap?ter used empirical data on ACEs and uninten?tional injuries to demonstrate the critical need for broadening this definition so that overall disparate health outcomes can be addressed.