Deck 15: Adolescent Growth, Puberty, and Reproductive Maturity

Question 1

Which of these make up the primary marker(s) of adolescence?

A) Puberty
B) Growth spurt
C) Sexual maturation
D) Puberty and sexual maturation
E) All of these are correct

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Due to secular trends in biological maturation, over the past hundred years, the average age of puberty has:

A) Become dramatically younger
B) Become dramatically older
C) Become younger for females and older for males
D) Become younger for males and older for females
E) Stayed about the same

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The period of time known as "adolescence":

A) Represents a biological phenomenon
B) Represents a cultural phenomenon
C) Usually begins at age 13 and is complete by age 18
D) Represents both a biological phenomenon and a cultural phenomenon
E) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One's genotype controls ______, whereas one's phenotype influences _______.

A) Skeletal maturation; sexual maturation
B) Standing height; body type
C) Weight; body type
D) Skeletal maturation; body weight
E) Linear body measures; sexual maturation

Question 5

Bone ossification, the onset of puberty, and how fat is distributed around the body are products of one's:

A) Sex
B) Age
C) Environmental conditions
D) Phenotype
E) Genotype

Question 6

The term used for the start of sexual maturation is:

A) Puberty
B) Development
C) Adolescence
D) Peak height velocity
E) Peak weight velocity

Question 7

Of the following characteristics, which will be the least influenced by an individual's genotype?

A) Skinfold measurements
B) Adult standing height
C) Age of onset of puberty
D) Age of skeletal maturation
E) Body type

Question 8

An adolescent's genotype will play the determining role in all of the following, except:

A) Weight
B) Linear body measures
C) Skeletal maturation
D) Body type
E) Sexual maturation

Question 9

The extra gain in strength by boys during puberty is due primarily to:

A) Increases in physical activity
B) Increased societal demands
C) Increase in male sex hormones
D) Increase in male intelligence
E) Decrease in weight for height

Question 10

The first visual indicator of the onset of puberty is generally:

A) Axillary hair formation
B) Pubic hair formation
C) Adolescent weight gain
D) The adolescent growth spurt
E) This cannot be generalized, every individual is different.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the adolescent growth spurt?

A) Sexual maturation begins prior to the adolescent growth spurt.
B) It is also known as the circumpubertal period.
C) It is a definite period of accelerated growth that takes place at the end of childhood.
D) It begins about 2 years earlier in females than males.
E) It lasts for about 4 years.

Question 12

Pubescence occurs:

A) In the latter part of adolescence
B) About 4 years in advance of sexual maturity
C) About 1 year after sexual maturity
D) Before adolescence
E) In the earliest period of adolescence

Question 13

On the average, females experience their adolescent growth spurt from:

A) Age 7-12
B) Age 9-13
C) Age 10-17
D) Age 11-15
E) Age 13-17

Question 14

On the average, males experience their adolescent growth spurt from:

A) Age 9-13
B) Age 9-15
C) Age 11-15
D) Age 12-18
E) Age 13-17

Question 15

Girls tend to be taller and weigh more than boys during:

A) Infancy
B) Early childhood
C) Preadolescence
D) Late adolescence
E) Childhood

Question 16

The maximum annual rate of growth in height during the adolescent growth spurt is called:

A) Maximum height velocity
B) Annual height velocity
C) Peak height velocity
D) Growth spurt velocity
E) None of these is correct.

Question 17

On the average, mature adult height is achieved in males and females, respectively, by age:

A) 15 and 14
B) 12 and 10
C) 16 and 18
D) 18 and 16
E) 20 and 18

Question 18

In youth sport, "men" and "boys" are frequently grouped together with little or no accommodation for variations in maturation. Standards other than age should be used for team selection because development is _______ but not ________.

A) Usually predictable; always predictable
B) Age-consistent; age-independent
C) Age-influenced; age-dependent
D) Age-dependent; age-influenced
E) Irregular; completely unpredictable

Question 19

Males, on average, begin their growth spurt around age _______, reach their peak height velocity by age _______, and begin to taper off by age _______.

A) 9; 11; 13
B) 11; 13; 15
C) 11; 15; 18
D) 13; 15; 20
E) 13; 18; 20

Question 20

Females with an early growth spurt tend to reach _______ earlier then those with a later growth spurt.

A) Emotional maturity
B) Social independence
C) Peer acceptance
D) Menopause
E) Menarche

Question 21

It is frequently thought that _______ have the most problems adjusting to their age-mates.

A) Early-maturing girls and early-maturing boys
B) Late-maturing girls and late-maturing boys
C) Early-maturing girls and late-maturing boys
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 22

Growth retardation as a result of steroidal medication is frequently seen in what medical condition?

A) Asthma
B) Glaucoma
C) Polio
D) Coronary heart disease
E) Renal failure

Question 23

Steroid use by prepubertal children may cause:

A) The epiphyses of the long bones to fuse prematurely
B) The epiphyses of the long bones to stay open longer and add height
C) Weakening of the heart and problems with circulation
D) Pulmonary problems
E) Digestive problems which lead to weight gain

Question 24

Weight gain in adolescent males is primarily due to increased:

A) Muscle mass
B) Fat mass
C) Height
D) Muscle mass and height
E) Fat mass and height

Question 25

Adolescent weight gain, for both males and females, is due to:

A) Skeletal maturation
B) Increases in muscle tissue
C) Increases in fat tissue
D) Organ growth
E) All of these are correct.

Question 26

Youth in the United States have a greater percentage of body fat than their counterparts 20 years ago. What percentage of 6- to 19-year-old youth are now reported as being obese?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%
E) 40%

Question 27

Heart and lung changes that occur during adolescence include all of the following, except:

A) The heart almost doubles in weight
B) Heart rate increases
C) The respiratory capacity of the lungs increases rapidly
D) Systolic blood pressure increases
E) Vital capacity increases more rapidly in males than females

Question 28

Environmental factors that affect weight gains during adolescence include:

A) Unhealthy eating habits
B) Sedentary lifestyles
C) Height of parents
D) Unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles
E) All of these are correct.

Question 29

Secular trends in both height and weight may be attributed to:

A) Changes in health and nutritional status of youth
B) Socioeconomic factors
C) Changes in activity patterns
D) Genetic factors
E) All of these are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following statements does not accurately represent weight gain characteristics during adolescence?

A) Weight gains in females are greater than weight gains in males.
B) Increases in weight tend to follow the same general curves as for increases in height.
C) Male weight gains are largely due to increases in height and muscle mass.
D) Female weight gains are largely due to increases in height and fat mass.
E) Growth in the body's organs add to the weight of both males and females.

Question 31

Which of the following represents Tanner stage 2 of female breast development?

A) Enlargement and raising of the breast and areola
B) Small raised breast buds
C) Areola is in the same contour as the breast
D) Flat appearance like that of a child
E) Areola and nipple form a contour separate from the breast

Question 32

The description "adult hair, but limited area" represents which Tanner stage of female pubic hair development?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 33

In terms of adolescent female sexual maturation, which of the following events is out of sequence with its preceding indicator?

A) Budding of breasts
B) Mature pubic hair development
C) Peak of growth spurt
D) Menarche
E) Cessation of skeletal growth

Question 34

Which event marks the end of puberty in females?

A) Peak of growth spurt
B) Axillary hair formation
C) Mature pubic hair development
D) Menarche
E) Mature ova production

Question 35

Which of the following is the correct order of the first three visible signs on the way to sexual maturity for females?

A) Breast growth → pubic hair appearance → changes in female genitalia
B) Breast growth → changes in female genitalia → pubic hair
C) Pubic hair → breast growth → changes in female genitalia
D) Pubic hair → changes in female genitalia → breast growth
E) Changes in female genitalia → breast growth → pubic hair

Question 36

The sequence of puberty in males is as follows:

A) Testicular growth → axillary hair formation → gaining growth spurt → mature sperm production
B) Beginning growth spurt → testicular growth → axillary hair formation → mature sperm production
C) Mature sperm production → testicular growth → axillary hair formation → beginning growth spurt
D) Testicular growth → beginning growth spurt → axillary hair formation → mature sperm production
E) Axillary hair formation → testicular growth → mature sperm production → beginning growth spurt

Question 37

Which of the following does not appear to affect the onset and duration of puberty?

A) Stress
B) Nutritional status
C) Height
D) General health
E) Metabolism

Question 38

The ability for the male to ejaculate is largely a function of the:

A) Testes
B) Scrotum
C) Prostate gland
D) Testosterone
E) None of these is correct.

Question 39

Which of the following is not considered to be a secondary sex characteristic?

A) Facial hair
B) Pubic hair
C) Axillary hair
D) Deepened voice
E) Prostate gland maturation

Question 40

The primary event of male puberty is _______, but reproductive maturity requires _______.

A) Growth of testes; ability to ejaculate
B) Ability to ejaculate; mature sperm production
C) Growth of testes; mature sperm production
D) Changes in appearance of external male genitalia; ability to ejaculate
E) Changes in appearance of external male genitalia; mature sperm production

Question 41

The most frequently used measure of maturity is:

A) Emotional age
B) Skeletal age
C) Dental age
D) Chronological age
E) Mental age

Question 42

Maturity assessments:

A) May include pubertal, skeletal, or dental assessments
B) Are usually inexpensive to administer
C) Are not as beneficial as using chronological age for matching young athletes in sport
D) Are the most frequently used method for team selection in youth sports
E) Are of little value in helping reduce injuries in youth sports