Deck 12: Development of Fundamental Movement: Locomotor Skills

Question 1

Which is not a locomotor skill?

A) Gallop
B) Skip
C) Twist
D) Hop
E) Jump

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Locomotor skills are a group of skills where the individual moves their body through space or from point A to point

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Locomotor skills are more ontogenetic than phylogenetic.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

High heel recovery and pumping arms is a characteristic of what stage?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 5

After a child runs flat-footed and their arms flap around the midline, a child would then demonstrate what pattern?

A) Arm-leg opposition with arms straight and heel-toe contact
B) Arm-leg opposition with arms bent at a 90-degree angle and heel-toe contact
C) Arms in high guard and flat-footed contact
D) Arms winging like a bird and heel-toe contact
E) None of these is correct.

Question 6

The typical sequence of emergence of fundamental locomotor skills in the child is:

A) Walking, running, galloping, jumping
B) Walking, skipping, running, hopping
C) Walking, running, hopping, skipping
D) Running, jumping, skipping, hopping
E) Running, skipping, hopping, jumping

Question 7

The movements of running and leaping are similar. Which of the following represents a difference between these two movements?

A) A leap has a longer loss of contact with surface.
B) A leap has a greater elevation.
C) A leap covers a greater distance.
D) A leap requires a greater force.
E) All are of these true.

Question 8

Which of the following is not part of the initial stage in the developmental sequence for running?

A) Short, limited leg swing
B) Limited but observable flight phase
C) Stiff, uneven stride
D) Arms tend to swing outward horizontally
E) Wide base of support

Question 9

What makes the task of running more difficult in early runners?

A) Poor dynamic balance
B) Higher center of gravity
C) Small feet
D) Limited multi-limb coordination
E) All of these are true

Question 10

Which of these is a product measure of running?

A) Speed
B) Pumping arms
C) High heel recovery
D) Feet shoulder-width apart
E) Knees drive forward

Question 11

Heel or ball foot contact with extension of the leg at take-off is a characteristic of what stage?

A) Total body stage 1
B) Component leg 1
C) Component leg 3
D) Total body stage 2
E) Component arm 1

Question 12

Out-toeing is an early characteristic of which motor skill?

A) Hopping
B) Jumping
C) Running
D) Galloping
E) Skipping

Question 13

Proficient running can be broken down into the support phase, swing phase, and force production.

Question 14

Which of the following are valid approaches for studying movement pattern development among children?

A) Segmental analysis approach
B) Developmental section approach
C) Total body configuration approach
D) Segmental analysis approach and total body configuration approach
E) Developmental section approach and total body configuration approach

Question 15

Which of the following are examples of developmental differences in fundamental movement abilities of children?

A) Between-child differences
B) Between-pattern differences
C) Within-pattern differences
D) All of these are correct
E) Only between-pattern differences and within-pattern differences

Question 16

Which of these differences relies on the principle of individuality in all learning where success in a skill depends on instruction, encouragement, and opportunity for practice?

A) Between-child
B) Within-child
C) Inter-child
D) Between-pattern
E) Within-pattern

Question 17

A child is at the initial stage of kicking, the elementary stage of catching, and the mature stage of throwing. This is an example of what type of difference?

A) Between-child
B) Within-child
C) Inter-child
D) Between-pattern
E) Within-pattern

Question 18

What is the primary difference between galloping and sliding?

A) Only one has a flight phase.
B) One is a forward movement the other a backward movement.
C) One is a forward movement the other as sideward movement.
D) One is up and down the other is back and forth.
E) One is a static motion the other is a dynamic motion.

Question 19

In which stage do children struggle to keep the lead leg in front?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 20

In which stage do children "freeze their degrees of freedom" in galloping?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 21

Which of the following are orientation movements of the trunk or limbs while in a static position?

A) Locomotion movements
B) Postures
C) Stability movements
D) Axial movements
E) Inverted supports

Question 22

What is an example of an intraskill sequence?

A) Walking, running, galloping,
B) Walking, skipping, running, hopping
C) Walking, running, hopping, skipping
D) Stages 1, 2, 3, 4
E) Running, skipping, hopping, jumping

Question 23

What is an example of an interskill sequence?

A) Walking, running, galloping,
B) Stage 1, 2
C) Stage 3, 4
D) Stages 1, 2, 3, 4
E) Stages 3, 4, 5

Question 24

Jumping is to locomotion as dodging is to:

A) Locomotion
B) Manipulation
C) Stability
D) None of these is correct
E) Sport skill

Question 25

Which of these is a typical characteristic of the initial stage of several fundamental locomotor movements?

A) Inability of the individual to become airborne
B) Inability to keep the eyes open throughout the task
C) Little interest in trying the activity
D) Arm opposition
E) Perceptual inadequacies

Question 26

Except for sustained loss of contact with the surface, leaping is similar to which of the following locomotor skills?

A) Galloping
B) Walking
C) Running
D) Hopping
E) Jumping

Question 27

A prerequisite skill (i.e., a component of the skill) for learning to skip is:

A) Jump
B) Run
C) Leap
D) Hop
E) Slide

Question 28

In which stage do children have high knees and arms and a high vertical component in skipping?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 29

In which stage do children have a low rhythmical skip with arms swinging in opposition to legs?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 30

Skipping:

A) Develops before a stage 1 gallop
B) Develops after a stage 2 run
C) Develops after a stage 4 jump
D) Is the first skill to develop of all FMS
E) Is the last skill to develop of all FMS

Question 31

Which is not a prerequisite to skipping?

A) Dynamic balance
B) Proximodistal law of development
C) Hop
D) Rhythmical abilities
E) Cephalocaudal law of development

Question 32

A one-sided skip is what stage in the component approach?

A) Arm 3
B) Leg 1
C) Arm 1
D) Leg 3
E) It is not part of the component approach.

Question 33

A winged arm position is a factor in stage 2 of which motor skill?

A) Jump
B) Run
C) Leap
D) Hop
E) Slide

Question 34

In which stage of jumping do children lean at a 45-degree angle, have full body extension in the air, and bring their arms down on landing?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 35

Why do children use "braking arms" in a stage 1 of jumping?

A) Their leg strength is not good.
B) They have poor proximodistal law of development.
C) Their dynamic balance is poor, and they are stopping themselves from tipping forward.
D) They don't know how to put their arms above their heads.
E) Their strength-to-weight ratio is good.

Question 36

Where is the biggest length of time in moving from one stage to the next stage?

A) Stage 1-2
B) Stage 2-3
C) Stage 3-4
D) Stage 4-5
E) Time is equally distributed among stages.

Question 37

At take-off, into what angle do individuals need to get their body for a maximal long jump?

A) 5 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 100 degrees
D) 15 degrees
E) 85 degrees

Question 38

There are secular declines in jumping which are largely due to:

A) Less coordination in youth
B) Children play fewer jumping sports
C) Increases in BMI
D) Decreases in balance
E) Decreases in BMI

Question 39

What would be a good drill for a stage 1 long jumper?

A) Jump forward at a 45-degree angle and swing arms above the head touching a hoop held high
B) Jump off a high box and land with arms down
C) Squat and swing arms from behind body to above head holding onto scarves
D) Stand alongside a wall and jump as high as you can
E) Do ski jumps side to side over a line

Question 40

In which stage do children have their free foot in front of the base leg in hopping?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 41

In which stage do children have their free foot behind their base leg in hopping?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 42

A pendular free leg action is characteristic of what stage of hopping?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 43

From a biomechanical standpoint, what opposes the forces of the pendular leg action in hopping?

A) Body lean
B) Arm action
C) Base leg driving straight at take-off
D) Strong core
E) Knee bend on landing

Question 44

What body part is most valuable to observe in determining the stage of the hop?

A) Base leg and foot
B) Trunk
C) Arms
D) Free leg and foot
E) Head position

Question 45

What would be true of teaching hopping in a PE curriculum? The instructor should:

A) Incorporate hopping within a multilocomotor skill unit
B) Have a 2-day hopping unit
C) Having a 4-day hopping unit
D) Have one 30-minute lesson of hopping
E) Not teach hopping, children naturally know how to hop

Question 46

What is the most immature component arm action in hopping?

A) Semi-opposition
B) Opposite assist
C) Bilateral reactive
D) Bilateral assist
E) Bilateral inactive

Question 47

When you count the number of times a child hits a target when throwing a ball, this is an example of a:

A) Criterion-referenced test
B) Bad test
C) Product-oriented test
D) Process-oriented test
E) Norm-referenced test

Question 48

Checking to see if a child steps with opposition in throwing is an example of a:

A) Criterion referenced test
B) Good test
C) Product-oriented test
D) Bad test
E) Norm referenced test

Question 49

When you compare children to other children of the same age and gender, this is an example of a:

A) Criterion-referenced test
B) Bad test
C) Product-oriented test
D) Process-oriented test
E) Norm-referenced test

Question 50

The factors that you would consider when selecting a test to evaluate motor skills are:

A) Purpose of the assessment
B) Population to be tested
C) Number of children to be tested
D) Conditions and time frame in which testing is to occur
E) All of these are true.