Deck 13: The Ethics of Epidemics

Question 1

Dealing with epidemics requires a balance between __________ and the prevention of harm.

Answer 1

autonomy

Question 2

The Black Death led to major loss of population also led to the beginning of the practice of __________

Answer 2

quarantine.

Question 3

__________ determined that the cholera epidemic in London originated from contaminated water.

Answer 3

John Snow

Question 4

Coordinating net efforts between the FDA and the __________ reduced the severity of of the H1N1 epidemic.

Question 5

The response to the Ebola epidemic, WHO expedited its drug trials for experimental drugs. __________ were established to review protocols.

Question 6

When a clinician decides what is best for the patient, he/she is practicing __________

Question 7

With the outcome of research is more important than the subjects in the study, the ethics principles of __________ is violated.

Question 8

Individuals take precautions to protect themselves and prevent the spreading of disease are demonstrating __________ for the health of their communities.

Question 9

When an organization emphasizes improving conditions so that people can lead healthy lives, it is using the __________

Question 10

Public health continues to face challenges in preventing and responding to epidemics. Its policy development should include __________ justification for actions.

Question 11

Responding to epidemics may require rationing of medications. Is this ethical?
Using the information from Chapter 13, present one reason why this action is ethical and one reason why it is not ethical.

Question 12

The policy of quarantine goes back to the time of the Black Death. It restricts individuals, movements and contacts with others, and may be viewed as coercive. Using the information in Chapter 13, discuss how quarantine supports or challenges autonomy.

Question 13

The conflict between the greater good in individual autonomy is a major issue for responding to epidemics. Using the information in Chapter 13, choose an example from the history section and list three ways that autonomy was limited for the greater good.

Question 14

Which epidemic event changed the governmental entities to believe they had an ethical responsibility to ensure the health of their people?

A) Plague
B) Cholera
C) Smallpox
D) Influenza

Question 15

Which pandemic urged nations to reconsider their trade practices?

A) Plague
B) Cholera
C) Smallpox
D) Influenza

Question 16

Which was key in the eradication of smallpox?

A) Coordination of all countries in battling the disease
B) Education among the patients
C) Controlling the final outbreak
D) Finding a cure for the disease

Question 17

Which ethical issue appears when there is a drug shortage for a healthcare outbreak?

A) Drug companies overcharging
B) Physicians afraid of catching the disease
C) Rationing of the drug
D) Forcing people into better hygiene practices

Question 18

What is an advantage of a pandemic?

A) Better planning and needed changes occur for the next potential outbreak.
B) Unhealthy people succumb to the disease rather than straining the healthcare system.
C) Healthcare providers are trained for better protection of themselves.
D) Communities are taught better hygiene practices to prevent the spread.

Question 19

Which prevention activity is most effective with diseases that spread through direct contact?

A) Standard precautions
B) Quarantine
C) Pharmaceuticals
D) Education

Question 20

Why is the Zika virus so dangerous?

A) People do not know enough about the disease.
B) Scientists do not have a cure for the disease.
C) All pregnant woman are at risk.
D) It is transmitted by mosquitos.

Question 21

If a patient presents with HIV and refuses medication, with which ethics principle does this apply?

A) Utilitarianism
B) Paternalism
C) Respect
D) Beneficence

Question 22

When the Ebola virus came to the United States in 2014 and people were quarantined against their will, which model addresses this?

A) Utilitarianism
B) Paternalism
C) Autonomy
D) Stewardship

Question 23

If Ebola has been eradicated throughout the world, why do two countries still have strains of the virus?

A) To be able to respond to a terrorist threat
B) To use as leverage with other countries
C) To be able to create vaccines should another outbreak occur
D) To use in research to determine how it spreads

Question 24

How do epidemics change the healthcare field concerning ethics?

A) Most believe ethical issues during outbreaks should not be a concern.
B) Previous outbreaks help see which ethical issues need to be addressed in future outbreaks.
C) It requires the healthcare professions to receive more training.
D) Many healthcare workers are afraid of patients who have the disease and quit their jobs.

Question 25

How was influenza so lethal internationally in the early 1900s?

A) People didn't realize they had the disease and spread it to their loved ones.
B) Many soldiers stationed throughout the world during World War II returned to their home countries infected.
C) People didn't wash their hands properly.
D) The communication among all the nations' healthcare providers was erroneous as to how it spread.

Question 26

Why are epidemics so rare in today's healthcare arena?

A) People have been better educated as to personal hygiene.
B) The healthcare industry has vaccines for all the diseases that occur.
C) Educational efforts in healthcare have focused on epidemics.
D) Technology has helped increase the communication efforts internationally.

Question 27

How did the plague bring about changes in healthcare overall?

A) It made physicians practice standard precautions with all patients.
B) It improved communication internationally.
C) It educated people about how bad air can make people sick.
D) It improved sanitary and hygienic conditions worldwide.

Question 28

Which epidemic began the idea of quarantining people?

A) Plague
B) Cholera
C) Smallpox
D) Influenza

Question 29

During the cholera epidemic, why were laws not addressed to fixing the unsanitary conditions in Britain?

A) They were too costly.
B) They did not want to address the industries that produced the problem.
C) They felt that the principle of survival of the fittest was natural.
D) The general population had become too large.

Question 30

Which countries are less likely to have a cholera outbreak?

A) Those with a public health system.
B) Those with the best scientists.
C) Those with the most money.
D) Those with the healthiest people.

Question 31

How did the federal government combat the idea that only the rich get help during a pandemic, like the H1N1 influenza?

A) They required all U.S. pharmaceutical companies to develop vaccines.
B) The supply of vaccinations available was managed by the Food and Drug Administration.
C) The Centers for Disease Control quarantined all exposed people.
D) They made sure vaccines were available for each person who wanted it.

Question 32

Why should all 50 states have an emergency response plan for future influenza pandemics?

A) They are mandated to protect the general public.
B) They ethically should care about their citizens.
C) To address such ethical issues as medication rationing.
D) To ensure they have enough health professionals to address the needs.

Question 33

The guiding principles of developing public health policies are beneficence, nonmakeficence, justice, and autonomy.