Deck 14: Where Do Our Relatives Come From and Why Do They Matter

Question 1

What term refers to groups whose members' knowledge of one another does not come from regular face-to-face interactions but is based on shared experiences with national institutions, such as schools and government bureaucracies?

A) Imagined community
B) Friendship
C) Kinship
D) Relatedness

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The relatively "unofficial" bonds that people construct with one another that tend to be personal, affective, and often a matter of choice are collectively referred to as

A) affective connection.
B) friendship.
C) kinship.
D) families by choice.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Social relationships that are prototypically derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance are called

A) affinity.
B) friendship.
C) kinship.
D) relatedness.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The institution that transforms the status of the participants, carries implications about permitted sexual access, the position of offspring in the society and establishes new kin connections is

A) adoption.
B) descent.
C) kinship.
D) marriage.

Question 5

The principle based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong is called

A) adoption.
B) descent.
C) kinship.
D) marriage.

Question 6

The principle that a descent group is formed by people who believe they are related to each other by connections made through their mothers and fathers equally is the principle of

A) bilateral descent.
B) double descent.
C) familial descent.
D) unilineal descent.

Question 7

The transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride on the occasion of their marriage is called

A) bridewealth.
B) dowry.
C) marriage right.
D) wedding gift.

Question 8

Kinship relationships based primarily on nurturance are examples of

A) adoption.
B) descent.
C) kinship.
D) marriage.

Question 9

The social positions people may attain later in life, often as the result of their own effort are

A) achieved statuses.
B) affinal statuses.
C) ascribed statuses.
D) consanguineal statuses.

Question 10

Consanguineal relationships are connections based on

A) marriage.
B) descent.
C) nurturance.
D) unilineality.

Question 11

Following a marriage, the kin of the husband and the kin of the wife are linked by

A) affinity.
B) consanguinity.
C) endogamy.
D) exogamy.

Question 12

Marriage within the boundaries of a defined social group is called

A) affinity.
B) consanguinity.
C) endogamy.
D) exogamy.

Question 13

Marriage outside the boundaries of a defined social group is called

A) affinity.
B) consanguinity.
C) endogamy.
D) exogamy.

Question 14

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with, or near, the husband's mother's brother is called

A) patrilocal.
B) matrilocal.
C) avunculocal.
D) neolocal.

Question 15

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with, or near, the wife's mother is called

A) patrilocal.
B) matrilocal.
C) avunculocal.
D) neolocal.

Question 16

A spousal pattern in which a woman may have multiple husbands is called

A) polygamy.
B) polygyny.
C) polyandry.
D) polyphony.

Question 17

Which of the following spousal patterns depends upon recognition of a distinction between a woman's sexuality and her reproductive capacity?

A) Monogamy
B) Polygamy
C) Polygyny
D) Polyandry

Question 18

The wealth transferred, usually from parents to daughter, at the time of her marriage is a

A) bridewealth.
B) dowry.
C) marriage right.
D) wedding gift.

Question 19

For woman marriage to be possible, a society must recognize a distinction between

A) wife and prostitute.
B) father and father's brother.
C) heterosexuality and homosexuality.
D) pater and genitor.

Question 20

Marriage patterns

A) reveal differences in the culturally shaped understanding of male and female sexuality.
B) are a function of the urgency of male sexual desire.
C) universally subordinate females to males.
D) are universally concerned with controlling men's sexuality.

Question 21

Which of the following cultural beliefs reinforce the practice of polyandry by the Nyinba?

A) A tradition that their ancestors, who practiced monogamy, were cursed with lives of disharmony
B) A kinship ideal stressing the solidarity of brothers
C) The need to create links with neighboring households by marrying a daughter to several different men
D) A belief that women have insatiable sexual appetites

Question 22

Among migrant workers both women and men are equally productive wage earners, therefore

A) husbands readily acknowledge that without their wives' work their families cannot earn enough to survive.
B) wives are relegated to reproductive labor.
C) husbands and wives maintain separate bank accounts and household finances.
D) husbands readily acknowledge that their income is sufficient to survive.

Question 23

Anthropologist Daniel Smith explored how changes in Igbo ideas about marriage, romance, intimacy, and premarital sex intersect with older ideas about parenthood, gender inequality, and how male extramarital sexual relationships put married women at serious risk for contracting HIV/AIDS from their husbands.

Question 24

For many decades, kinship studies were based on the assumption that all societies recognize the same basic biological relationships between mothers and fathers, children and parents, and sisters and brothers.

Question 25

Friendship has been easy for anthropologists to study because they have concentrated on trying to find regular longterm patterns of social organization in societies with noncentralized forms of political organization.

Question 26

Unilineal descent can be either matrilineal or patrilineal.

Question 27

Kinship terminologies suggest the structure of rights and obligations assigned to different members of the society.

Question 28

In many societies, marriage is accompanied by the transfer of certain symbolically important goods.

Question 29

Bridewealth refers to the transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride on the occasion of their marriage. It represents compensation to the wife's lineage for the loss of her labor and her childbearing capacities.

Question 30

Among the Inuit, divorce was impossible.

Question 31

Marriage rules are always subject to some negotiation, as illustrated by the marriage practices of the Ju/'hoansi of the Kalahari Desert.

Question 32

Which of the following are observations about kinship?

A) Different societies have chosen to highlight some features of the universal human experiences of mating, birth and nurturance, while downplaying or ignoring others.
B) Kinship is reducible to biology.
C) Patrilineal descent makes more sense than matrilineal descent, given what is known about mating and birth.
D) Kinship is a difficult and complex set of rules that societies follow.

Question 33

Among the Nuer, if a quarrel erupted between members of different minimal lineages, it would ordinarily be resolved when the quarreling minimal lineages recognized that they were all part of the same major lineage. This process is called

A) lineality.
B) segmentary opposition.
C) bilateral.
D) clanship.

Question 34

Which spousal patterns control women's sexuality more closely than they control men's sexuality?

A) Exogamy and endogamy
B) Monogamy and polyandry
C) Monogamy and polygyny
D) Polygyny and polyandry

Question 35

Since friendship does not occur through blood lines it is not considered a kind of relatedness.

Question 36

In a country like Peru, where social safety nets for poor people have been seriously undermined by neoliberal economic reforms as well as by war, the orphanage has come to serve as a refuge where many desperate poor parents might "circulate" a child temporarily if, for reasons beyond their control, neither they nor their relations are able to care for that child.

Question 37

According to anthropologist Lesley Sharp, donor kin and recipients alike share the understanding that transplanted organs, as donor fragments, carry with them some essence of their former selves that persists in the new recipient body.

Question 38

In polygynous families, children of different wives are never jealous of one another, since they learn to think of all the wives as "mothers" who are equally concerned about their welfare.

Question 39

Describe what it means to say that lineage organization can function as the foundation of social life? Provide examples to support your argument.

Question 40

Define matrilineality and patrilineality. How are they similar? How are they different? Provide examples of your comparison.

Question 41

Compare and contrast polygyny and polyandry. Identify examples from the text.

Question 42

Identify the seven criteria most often drawn upon in the construction of kinship terminologies. Illustrate each with an example and describe why the criterion is important for understanding human relationships. Which of these are most dominant in your home society?

Question 43

What makes it possible for a Nuer woman to marry another woman and be the "father" of the children her wife bears? Discuss the relationship of nurturance to kinship in this example. How does this compare to practices in your home society?

Question 44

Describe the four major rules for postmarital residence? What are some of the social, economic, and political consequences that follow from observance of each residence rule? Provide examples in your discussion.