Deck 15: Nutrition, Activity, and Wellness

Question 1

What probably killed the dancer Heidi Guenther?

A) Excessive workouts to meet the demands of her coaches
B) An overdose of diet pills
C) Losing too much weight too fast
D) An obsessive need to be thinner, which resulted in an eating disorder
E) Stress

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Taylor Hooton, the high school baseball player, took his own life. How did his steroid use likely contribute to this?

A) Steroid use made him crazy.
B) His parents were too strict with him about his use of steroids.
C) He was unable to overcome a steroid addiction and was likely suffering from depression.
D) Building up too much muscle too fast led to depression.
E) Uncontrollable " 'roid rage"

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What did the dancer Heidi Geunther and the baseball player Taylor Hooton have in common?

A) A body image problem
B) Lack of will
C) Impatience
D) Inability to understand risk
E) Lack of caring about their families

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Why do we need to eat a variety of foods?

A) It's too boring to eat the same thing all the time.
B) No single food provides everything we need to be healthy.
C) You tend to overeat if you eat just one thing.
D) No single food contains enough energy to run a body.
E) Parts of your digestive tract that aren't working will atrophy.

Question 5

Where does the energy in food come from?

A) The chemical bonds holding the food molecules together
B) Proteins, carbohydrates, or fats
C) Food, by itself, doesn't contain energy, but the digestive system creates it.
D) Combining water with any sort of food creates energy.
E) ATP

Question 6

About how much water does a person need to drink per day to replace what's lost in normal activities?

A) 1 liter
B) 2 liters
C) 3 liters
D) 5 liters
E) None, we normally get what we need from our food.

Question 7

Which of the following is made of subunits called amino acids?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Question 8

Which of the following are made of inorganic molecules and are required for health, but in very small quantities?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Question 9

Which of the following provides the most energy per gram of material?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Question 10

What is fiber in a diet?

A) Simple proteins that can't be fully digested
B) Co-enzymatic molecules
C) Complex carbohydrates that can't be fully digested
D) Inorganic molecules important in maintaining fluid balance
E) Simple sugars that can't be fully digested

Question 11

Which of the following would you eat if you wanted a steady supply of energy over a longer period of the day?

A) Complex carbohydrates
B) Simple proteins
C) Fatty acids
D) Simple sugars
E) Fiber

Question 12

Which of the following is correct?

A) The esophagus leads to both the epiglottis and trachea, and the pharynx keeps food out of the trachea when we swallow.
B) The epiglottis leads to both the trachea and pharynx, and the esophagus keeps food out of the pharynx when we swallow.
C) The trachea leads to both the pharynx and esophagus, and the epiglottis keeps food out of the esophagus when we swallow.
D) The pharynx leads to both the esophagus and the trachea, and the epiglottis keeps food out of the trachea when we swallow.
E) The esophagus leads to both the pharynx and the trachea, and the epiglottis keeps food out of the pharynx when we swallow.

Question 13

Where in the digestive tract does the breakdown of carbohydrates begin?

A) Swallowing begins the breakdown of carbohydrates.
B) Enzymes in the saliva begin the breakdown carbohydrates.
C) Acids in the stomach begin breakdown carbohydrates.
D) Carbohydrates are not broken down until the small intestine.
E) Enzymes from the pancreas begin the breakdown of carbohydrates.

Question 14

What causes "heartburn?"

A) Spicy foods or alcohol backing up into the esophagus
B) Eating so much that the heart has to work harder to provide necessary extra energy to the digestive system
C) Stomach acid backing up into the esophagus
D) Stomach acid backing up into the small intestine
E) Stomach acid leaking out onto the heart

Question 15

How is stomach acid helpful for the body?

A) It kills most bacteria entering the digestive tract, and it aids in the breakdown of carbohydrates.
B) It kills most bacteria entering the digestive tract, and it aids in the breakdown of proteins.
C) It sterilizes the food we eat and aids in the breakdown of sugars.
D) It allows for the release of vitamins from proteins.
E) It dissolves the fiber in the food we eat so we can digest it.

Question 16

How is the small intestine well designed to do its job?

A) It is very long and has a huge surface area for nutrient absorption into the blood stream.
B) It is quite muscular for mixing food material with enzymes for effective digestion.
C) It is relatively large in diameter for ease of moving food through for digestion.
D) Cells in its walls release bile to aid in the digestion of fats.
E) It is highly acidic inside to kill off any dangerous bacteria we may ingest.

Question 17

Which of the following information about the pancreas is most accurate?

A) The pancreas is an accessory organ that isn't really necessary for digestion.
B) The pancreas neutralizes stomach acid and secretes enzymes into the large intestine to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
C) The pancreas neutralizes stomach acid and secretes enzymes into the small intestine to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
D) The pancreas secretes enzymes into the small intestine that digest proteins and fats.
E) The pancreas neutralizes stomach acid and secretes bile into the small intestine to break down fats.

Question 18

What is the function of the liver related to digestion?

A) Produce enzymes to break down carbohydrates and store fat
B) Store vitamins and fat
C) Produce bile to break down carbohydrates and convert the excess energy into fat for storage
D) Produce bile to breakdown fats and convert excess energy from food into fat for storage
E) Produce bile to neutralize stomach acid and convert excess energy from food into fat for storage

Question 19

What is the role of the large intestine?

A) Just as storage for indigestible waste material prior to elimination
B) To absorb nutrients from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into the bloodstream
C) To absorb water, salts, and some vitamins into the blood stream, and to hold waste prior to elimination
D) To provide enzymes for the final breakdown of otherwise indigestible fiber
E) To break proteins down into amino acids for absorption into the bloodstream

Question 20

What is the name of the process that transforms energy from food molecules into a form that can be used by the body?

A) Cell digestion
B) Electron transport
C) Enzymatic breakdown
D) Cell respiration
E) Peristalsis

Question 21

What does the process of glycolysis do and where does it occur?

A) Produces ATP from pyruvic acid in the mitochondria
B) Produces ATP by converting glucose to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm
C) Produces NADH by converting glucose to pyruvic acid in the mitochondria
D) Produces NADH from glucose in the cytoplasm
E) Produces pyruvic acid from glucose in the mitochondria

Question 22

Where does the energy for the electron transport chain come from directly?

A) The NADH produced in the Kreb's cycle
B) The mitochondria of the cell
C) Pyruvic acid
D) ATP
E) Glycogen produced by glycolysis

Question 23

If you never get any exercise, you will not burn any Calories and so you will gain weight. True or False?

A) False. Even at rest you burn some Calories, as long as you don't eat too much you might not gain weight.
B) True. If you never exercise, you will almost certainly gain weight.
C) False. The amount you exercise is not necessarily related to your weight.
D) True. Unless you are very careful to eat few Calories.
E) False. Weight gain depends only on how much you eat, not how much you exercise.

Question 24

About how many Calories should an average person consume per day in order to maintain weight?

A) 1000-1900 Calories
B) 2000-3400 Calories
C) 1300-1800 Calories
D) 600-1200 Calories
E) 10,000-19,000 Calories

Question 25

What does it mean to say that what is "attractive" depends on culture?

A) Regular people never meet the standard set by fashion models and celebrities.
B) Thinner people are always considered more attractive than heavier people.
C) Weight really doesn't have anything to do with attractiveness.
D) What a culture defines as "attractive" changes through time.
E) What is considered "attractive" is quite consistent over time.

Question 26

What is a healthy BMI?

A) A body/mass index of 20-25.
B) A basal metabolic rate of 20-25.
C) A body/mass index of 30-35.
D) A basal metabolic rate of 30-35.
E) It depends on the age of a person.

Question 27

The dancer from the case study, Heidi, had a BMI of 16 when she died. What does that imply?

A) She was anorexic.
B) Her metabolism was dangerously slow.
C) She was overweight for a dancer.
D) She was dangerously underweight.
E) She was anorexic.

Question 28

If your roommate hardly seems to eat, but you notice she buys a lot of unhealthy groceries which do seem to disappear, and she seems to be gaining weight, which eating disorder might you suspect?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Obesity
E) Not so much an eating disorder as a lack of personal responsibility

Question 29

Your girlfriend seems quite thin and is a cheerleader so she gets plenty of exercise. She hardly seems to eat when you go out though, and in addition to team practices, she spends a great deal of time exercising and expresses concern about her weight. Which eating disorder might you suspect?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Obesity
E) Not so much an eating disorder as just an obsession

Question 30

If your brother knew you were taking biology and asked you whether taking steroids to get bigger for football season was a practical thing to do, based on what you've learned in class, what would you say?

A) They do make you bigger, and if you're careful, it might be a good idea.
B) They do make you bigger, and with a doctor's supervision and careful attention to doses, it might be a good idea.
C) They don't make you much bigger than just weight lifting, so it's not really worth it.
D) It's not clear whether they're safe or not, so it's not worth the risk.
E) There is no safe dose of steroids for the purposes of building muscles. Don't do it.

Question 31

Which are the likely consequences of insufficient fat in the diet of a victim of an eating disorder?

A) Weight loss
B) Bone thinning
C) Disruption of the menstrual cycle
D) Sterility
E) All of the above

Question 32

Bones support the body and protect soft parts, and what else do they do?

A) Store minerals and produce blood cells
B) Produce enzymes that break down proteins
C) Produce amino acids to build necessary proteins
D) Produce neural cells
E) Store fat

Question 33

Which two proteins are most prevalent in muscle fibers?

A) ATP and cartilage
B) Iron and hemoglobin
C) Mitochondria and ATP
D) Actin and myosin
E) Cartilage and calcium

Question 34

Skeletal muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs. What does this mean and what is an example?

A) When one contracts, the other relaxes and this allows the bones to move; triceps and biceps.
B) When one sarcomere contracts, the neighboring one relaxes; triceps and biceps.
C) One is under conscious control and one is not; the diaphragm and ribs.
D) There is always paired cartilage and muscle tissue; the knee joint.
E) There are always paired tendons and ligaments; the hip joint.

Question 35

Which of the following best describes a muscle contraction?

A) At the signal to contract, ATP provides energy to allow sacromeres to slide over myosin filaments, pulling z-disks together.
B) At the signal to contract, myosin produces energy to allow actin filaments to slide over z-disks, pulling sacromeres together.
C) At the signal to contract, ATP provides energy to allow myosin heads to pull the actin filaments thereby pulling z-disks closer together.
D) At the signal to contract, ATP provides energy to allow myofibrils pull z-disks closer together.
E) At the signal to contract, ATP provides energy to allow tendons to pull sacromeres closer together.

Question 36

You are thinking of trying to run a marathon. Which type of muscles should you try to enhance in your training?

A) Antagonistic
B) Fast-twitch
C) Slow-twitch
D) Smooth
E) Biceps

Question 37

You feel like you're pretty strong but you'd like to improve the definition in your muscles. Which training regime would work best?

A) Work on increasing the weight you use in lifting.
B) Work on increasing your replicates at lower weights.
C) Focus on aerobic training.
D) Keep doing what you've been doing, but supplement with creatine.
E) Just eat less.

Question 38

Wrestlers and jockeys both have to "make weight," or weigh a certain amount to qualify for their competitions. Which type of supplement are they likely to use to weigh less quickly?

A) Diuretics
B) Creatine
C) Proteins
D) Steroids
E) Vanadium

Question 39

Steroids are not safe, but if you want to build up your muscle size, vanadium works well and is safe. True or false.

A) False. It causes aggression and acne.
B) True. It stains your tongue green, but it works.
C) False. There is no evidence that vanadium increases muscle mass.
D) True. Most natural supplements are safe and effective.
E) False. It does increase muscle mass but it causes diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration.

Question 40

Which of the following is required to maintain your health as well as possible?

A) Adequate sleep
B) Regular exercise
C) Balanced diet
D) Stress management
E) They're all required.

Question 41

Which of the following reduces stress hormones, increases beneficial endorphins which reduce pain and elevate your mood, and increases the effectiveness of the immune system cells?

A) Sleep
B) Melatonin
C) Exercise
D) Laughter
E) a balanced diet

Question 42

Why does a good night's sleep matter?

A) It minimizes stress.
B) It decreases risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
C) It reduces the risk of depression and of being overweight.
D) It improves memory.
E) All of the above

Question 43

Is it fair to say that you are largely in control of your own health?

A) No. Your genetic background determine how healthy you'll be.
B) Yes. You can control the choices you make about your lifestyle that will benefit or be detrimental to your health.
C) No. Your health is mostly determined by outside forces beyond your control, like pollutants in the environment and family history.
D) Yes. Although it is very difficult to do what is healthy.
E) No. It is nearly impossible to do all that is required to stay healthy.

Question 44

Linus Pauling was a very famous chemist so since he advocated taking high doses of vitamin C to stay healthy, we should all be doing that. True or False?

A) True. He lived to be pretty old and he took high doses of vitamin C so we should, too.
B) False. Vitamins other than what you get in food don't do anything for you.
C) True. He was very smart and knew about body chemistry.
D) False. Controlled experiments haven't shown high doses of vitamin C to be particularly beneficial.
E) True. Vitamins are always good for you.

Question 45

If you feel you have an excess of belly fat but look pretty good elsewhere, what should you do?

A) A lot of sit ups or crunches
B) Stop eating carbohydrates
C) Eat less and exercise more
D) Buy Spanx to wear under your clothes
E) Give up

Question 46

Alcohol has Calories, so when you're planning to go out and have a few drinks, why is it a bad idea to eat less first in order to minimize your caloric intake?

A) The Calories in alcohol don't really stay with you like regular Calories, so it doesn't add enough to your caloric intake to worry about
B) If you drink alcohol on an empty stomach, you're going to get drunk and potentially incapacitated very quickly.
C) Food absorbs alcohol so if you eat, you won't get drunk.
D) This is a symptom of an eating disorder.
E) It isn't really a bad idea because alcohol is fattening and this way you can make up for that and not gain weight.

Question 47

How do we know that stress suppresses the immune response?

A) People in stressful situations often get sick.
B) College students always get sick during exam week.
C) Controlled experiments exposing mice to cold viruses have shown that stress increases their likelihood of getting sick
D) Controlled experiments exposing people to cold viruses have shown that stress increases their likelihood of getting sick
E) We don't. It's a wives tale like going outside with wet hair makes you sick.

Question 48

Can a person go longer without food or without water?

Question 49

What does "essential" mean in essential amino acids or essential fatty acids?

Question 50

How is food generally moved down the esophagus and through the rest of the digestive tract?

Question 51

In which part of the digestive tract does absorption mostly occur?

Question 52

Which cell organelle produces the most energy for the cell?

Question 53

What is the molecule that is the primary form of energy that can be used by the body?

Question 54

It takes a certain amount of energy to maintain a body, even when it is not doing anything in particular. What is this level of metabolism called?

Question 55

If you consume more Calories than you use up, what will happen?

Question 56

The eating disorder bulimia nervosa can cause rotting teeth, something less common with anorexia nervosa? What causes this?

Question 57

Why do victims of anorexia often become sterile?

Question 58

Skeletal muscles move you. Which type of muscle operates your organs?

Question 59

Which cells in the body contain the most mitochondria because they need so much energy?

Question 60

Cheetahs can accelerate very quickly and run fast but only for short distances. Which type of skeletal muscles would you predict they would have more of: fast- or slow-twitch?

Question 61

This supplement is found naturally in the body and helps muscles make more ATP. What is it?

Question 62

There is a simple thing you can do which benefits muscle strength, bone health, mental health, and self-esteem, and prevents or improves heart disease, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. What is this?

Question 63

College students tend to get sick during midterms and finals week. What causes this?