Deck 14: Political Cybercrime

Question 1

Which of the following cybercrimes can be classified as political cybercrime?

A) Hacktivism
B) Cyberterrorism
C) Cyberwarfare
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Political cybercriminals engage in ___________.

A) hacking
B) malware distribution
C) denial of service (DoS) attacks
D) distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks
E) all of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following cybercrimes have hacktivists equated with online civil disobedience?

A) Website defacement
B) Malware distribution
C) Redirecting websites
D) Data theft and disclosure
E) All of the above

Answer 3

E

Question 4

_________ refers to the use of coercive tactics to provoke fear and cause harm or damage with the intention of replacing a capitalist regime with a socialist or communist regime.

A) Religious terrorism
B) Left-wing terrorism
C) Right-wing terrorism
D) Nationalist-separatist terrorism
E) Special-interest terrorism

Question 5

________refers to the use of threats or acts of violence against a particular group that is motivated by notions of racial supremacy or antigovernment and antiregulatory beliefs.

A) Religious terrorism
B) Left-wing terrorism
C) Right-wing terrorism
D) Nationalist-separatist terrorism
E) Special-interest terrorism

Question 6

________ refers to the use of coercive tactics to resolve a specific issue that a group believes warrants immediate attention.

A) Religious terrorism
B) Left-wing terrorism
C) Right-wing terrorism
D) Nationalist-separatist terrorism
E) Special-interest terrorism

Question 7

________ refers to the use of the Internet to target critical infrastructure with the intention of provoking fear and causing damage, serious bodily harm, or death to effect some form of change in the government or population in furtherance of a political, religious, or ideological goal.

A) Cyberwarfare
B) Cyberterrorism
C) Cyberespionage
D) Hacktivism
E) Wardriving

Question 8

A _________ is an illegal act conducted by a state to obtain justice for an attack committed against it.

A) reprisal
B) retorsion
C) self-defense
D) precautionary
E) none of the above

Question 9

A _______ is a legal act conducted by a harmed country in response to an attack.

A) reprisal
B) retorsion
C) self-defense
D) precautionary
E) none of the above

Question 10

_______ holds that the international system creates opportunities for states to both cooperate and engage in self-help and it is up to the state to determine whether to take advantage of these opportunities.

A) Realism
B) Security dilemma
C) Liberalism
D) Brinkmanship
E) None of the above

Question 11

A _________ engages in cybercrime in furtherance of self-perceived justice to draw attention to his or her cause.

Question 12

________ involves actions that constitute a nonviolent intentional breach of law.

Question 13

________ is the practice of spying or using spies, typically by a government, to obtain economic, political, or military information.

Question 14

________ refer to groups with both the capability and the intent to persistently and effectively target a specific entity.

Question 15

_______ refers to engaging in coercive tactics to cause fear, destruction, harm, or death with the intention of effecting some form of change in the government or population in pursuit of a political, ideological, or religious goal.

Question 16

_______ involves the use of coercive acts in pursuit of what individuals believe to be divinely commanded purposes, representing extremists' interpretations of their faith.

Question 17

________ refers to the use of coercive tactics by an ethnic or religious group that believes it is, or in fact is, persecuted by a majority to create an independent homeland.

Question 18

The _______ ultimately holds that countries misinterpret the actions of another nation to improve security as a threat.

Question 19

________ is the doctrine of military strategy holding that the full-scale use of force by two opposing sides effectively results in the destruction of both in an attack.

Question 20

_______ refers to the process of engaging in continual escalation of actions to the point of a catastrophic outcome with the intention of gaining a favorable outcome.

Question 21

The tactics, targets, and even modus operandi of political cybercriminals may be similar in nature.

Question 22

One type of cybervigilante is a hacktivist.

Question 23

An example of cyberterrorism is terrorists' use of the Internet.

Question 24

Cyberwarfare has occurred.

Question 25

Hackback is a tactic that can be used by actors that is in accordance with existing laws.

Question 26

Collective punishment targets those who are not responsible for the illicit behavior.

Question 27

Cyberoffensive tactics are measures that can detect vulnerabilities, patch them, detect attempted cyberattacks, and mitigate their impact with the necessary human and technical resources.

Question 28

Cyberdefensive tactics involve proactive responses designed to penetrate enemy systems and cause harm or damage.

Question 29

Just war theory focuses on elucidating agents' intentions and strategic decisions with respect to their preferences or the perceived utility and costs of particular actions.

Question 30

Speech directed to incite, or which is likely to incite, imminent lawless, violent action is protected under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.