Deck 19: Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Question 1

A specific wavelength of UVA can be used to treat

A) swimmer's ear.
B) RMSF.
C) acne.
D) cat scratch disease.
E) bacteremia.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The ________ are Gram-positive pleomorphic bacteria commonly found on the skin.

A) Clostridia
B) diphtheroids
C) Staphylococci
D) Streptococci
E) Pseudomonads

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus can resist penicillin because they produce

A) a slime layer.
B) coagulase.
C) beta-lactamase.
D) staphylokinase.
E) lipase.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Anthrax derives its name from which of the following aspects of the disease?

A) the appearance of eschars on the skin
B) the shape of its endospores
C) the microscopic appearance of its cells
D) the shape of B. anthracis colonies on agar
E) the necessity of burning animals killed by the disease

Question 5

Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Streptococcus pyogenes.
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
D) Rickettsia rickettsii.
E) both Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 6

Spreading black necrosis, swelling, pain and froth or bubbles are characteristic of

A) anthrax.
B) gas gangrene.
C) necrotizing fasciitis.
D) chromoblastomycosis.
E) Pseudomonas infection.

Question 7

The signs and symptoms of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome are caused by

A) coagulase.
B) lipase.
C) beta-lactamase.
D) exfoliative toxins.
E) staphylokinase.

Question 8

The skin is an effective barrier against invading microbes because

A) the outer layers of cells are dead.
B) the surface is covered in salt.
C) it is well supplied with blood vessels to flush microbes from the surface.
D) no microbes are able to survive on the surface.
E) the outer layers are dead and covered in salt.

Question 9

An infection of a hair follicle at the base of an eyelid is called a

A) pimple.
B) sty.
C) furuncle.
D) carbuncle.
E) macule.

Question 10

Infection known as ________ frequently begins as an injury that rapidly becomes red, swollen, hot to the touch, and intensely painful.

A) staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
B) anthrax
C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
D) necrotizing fasciitis
E) gas gangrene

Question 11

Impetigo can be caused by

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Streptococcus pyogenes.
D) both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 12

The resistance of Pseudomonas to a wide variety of antimicrobial drugs is due, in part, to its

A) production of exoenzymes.
B) production of pyocyanin.
C) ability to utilize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources.
D) ability to grow in almost any moist environment.
E) ability to pump drugs out of the cell.

Question 13

A(n) ________ is a large mass of inflammation and accumulated pus under the surface of an area of thick skin.

A) carbuncle
B) furuncle
C) erysipelas
D) mycetoma
E) pox

Question 14

Normal skin microbiota are able to grow on the skin because they can thrive in the presence of

A) sebum.
B) salt.
C) keratin.
D) sebum and salt.
E) sebum, salt, and keratin.

Question 15

Localized swelling of a scratch accompanied by fever, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes may result from infection with

A) Rickettsia rickettsii.
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C) Propionibacterium acnes.
D) Bartonella henselae.
E) Microsporum canis.

Question 16

A petechial rash starting on the hands and feet and spreading to the torso is characteristic of

A) RMSF.
B) anthrax.
C) smallpox.
D) necrotizing fasciitis.
E) herpes gladiatorum.

Question 17

What is the pathogenic process underlying Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A) cellular damage via potent exotoxins
B) damage to blood vessels
C) stimulation of a strong immune response
D) interference with host cell metabolism
E) formation of biofilms in host tissues

Question 18

Which of the following is a complication that may result from a Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection?

A) a carbuncle
B) a sty
C) shingles
D) scalded skin syndrome
E) erysipelas

Question 19

Smallpox was the first human disease to be

A) analyzed and studied on the genetic level.
B) treated with antiviral drugs.
C) globally eradicated.
D) identified as a viral disease.
E) recreated in an experimental animal.

Question 20

Rickettsias require ________, readily available inside cells, for energy production.

A) amino acids
B) glucose
C) lipids
D) complex carbohydrates
E) vitamins

Question 21

The rash described as "teardrops on rose petals" is characteristic of

A) anthrax.
B) chickenpox.
C) herpes.
D) smallpox.
E) warts.

Question 22

Common skin warts are the result of infection with

A) poxviruses.
B) herpesviruses.
C) papillomaviruses.
D) rubeola virus.
E) parvoviruses.

Question 23

A child has a rash on the face, arms, upper legs, and torso. It is splotchy and intensifies after being in the sun. The child does not complain of fever or itchiness. The signs and symptoms are consistent with

A) chickenpox.
B) roseola.
C) fifth disease.
D) cat scratch disease.
E) scabies.

Question 24

A series of nodular lesions on an arm that fill with pus and ulcerate through the skin is characteristic of infection with the fungus

A) Microsporum.
B) Trichophyton.
C) Epidermophyton.
D) Micrococcus.
E) Sporothrix schenckii.

Question 25

Which of the following is becoming rarer as a result of childhood vaccinations?

A) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
B) roseola
C) warts
D) neonatal herpes
E) impetigo

Question 26

A herpetic lesion on the finger or hand is known as a

A) fever blister.
B) pox.
C) macule.
D) whitlow.
E) furuncle.

Question 27

"Ringworm" is caused by

A) dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin.
B) dermatophytes that have invaded deep layers of the skin.
C) parasitic worms that infect the skin.
D) a hypersensitivity reaction caused by superficial contact with dermatophytes.
E) immunosuppression due to HIV infection.

Question 28

Which of the following can cause birth defects?

A) chickenpox
B) measles
C) roseola
D) smallpox
E) rubella

Question 29

A child complains of intensely itchy "pimples" on the hands and wrists. The lesions are small inflamed streaks, but do not appear to contain pus. The child's condition may be the result of infection with

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
B) Sporothrix schenkii.
C) Sarcoptes scabiei.
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E) Clostridium perfringens.

Question 30

Which of the following is an enzyme which results in Staphylococcus aureus being more invasive than Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A) lipase
B) M protein
C) hyaluronidase
D) pyrogens
E) neuraminidase

Question 31

A rash characterized by macules which swell, fill with fluid and then pus, then rupture and become crusty lesions, is characteristic of

A) human herpes virus 2 primary infection.
B) poxvirus infection.
C) chickenpox virus reactivation.
D) roseola virus.
E) papillomavirus infection.

Question 32

A reddening of the skin of the face that intensifies when exposed to the sun is characteristic of

A) herpes.
B) chickenpox.
C) rubeola.
D) rubella.
E) erythema infectiosum.

Question 33

Which of the following forms of leishmaniasis is typically fatal?

A) visceral
B) mucocutaneous
C) cutaneous
D) Both cutaneous and mucocutaneous are frequently fatal.
E) Visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous are all potentially fatal.

Question 34

Shingles, or herpes zoster, is a reactivation of the virus that causes

A) smallpox.
B) German measles.
C) measles.
D) whitlows.
E) chickenpox.

Question 35

A small puncture wound on a woman's arm has become swollen, hot to the touch, and intensely painful. There is tissue necrosis but it is not "gassy," and under the microscope Gram-positive cocci in chains are present. Which of the following microbes is likely to be responsible?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Clostridium perfringens
E) Sporothrix schenckii

Question 36

Which of the following is a basidiomycete responsible for superficial infections?

A) Malassezia furfur
B) Microsporum species
C) Pseudallescheria
D) Sarcoptes scabiei
E) Epidermophyton floccosum.

Question 37

A man is suffering severe foot pain in the area of what looks like a large wart. He reports he has had the wart for some time, and the pain and swelling have developed slowly. A sample from the lesion shows that the pus contains large cells that stain a golden brown color. The man is likely suffering from

A) sporotrichosis.
B) necrotizing fasciitis.
C) chromoblasomycosis.
D) mycetoma.
E) phaeohyphomycosis.

Question 38

A pigment produced by an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to tissue damage is

A) pyocyanin.
B) streptokinase.
C) M protein.
D) lipase.
E) hyaluronidase.

Question 39

Under some circumstances, ________ is beneficial, but under other conditions the bacteria become overabundant leading to inflammation of hair follicles.

A) Propionibacterium acnes
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Microsporum
E) Bacillus anthracis

Question 40

Some strains of Papillomavirus are oncogenic due to their ability to

A) lie dormant in cells for years.
B) integrate into the host cell DNA.
C) escape the phagosome before lysosome fusion.
D) produce deoxyribonucleases.
E) cause extensive damage to blood vessels.

Question 41

Herpesvirus infections can be controlled with chemotherapeutic agents.

Question 42

Because they are common soil saprobes, dermatophytes are fungi that are not contagious in humans.

Question 43

The production of (exotoxin/coagulase/hyaluronidase) enzyme breaks down connections between cells, allowing Streptococcus pyogenes to invade tissue and cause necrotizing fasciitis.

Question 44

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is fatal in 100% of untreated cases.

Question 45

Ringworm is the result of skin infection with (Madurella/Microsporum/Mycobacterium).

Question 46

Humans are the only hosts of Rickettsia rickettsii.

Question 47

Fungus infection of the nail is known as tinea (capitus/pedis/unguium).

Question 48

A sample from an abscess is stained and examined under the microscope. A Gram stain appears uniformly pink, but a GMS (Gomori methenamine silver) stain reveals brownish filaments in the sample. These findings suggest

A) necrotizing fasciitis.
B) sporotrichosis.
C) leishmaniasis.
D) phaeohyphomycosis.
E) dermatophytosis.

Question 49

Pityriasis' characteristic appearance is the result of a fungal infection causing changes in the production of melanin.

Question 50

Clostridium perfringens may cause necrotizing fasciitis.

Question 51

Smallpox vaccination was originally discontinued in the 1970s in the U.S. because of adverse effects of the vaccine.

Question 52

Chickenpox and (herpes/shingles/warts) are caused by the same virus.

Question 53

An arachnid parasite causes the skin disease known as (leishmaniasis/ringworm/scabies).

Question 54

Contact with soil may result in infection with (anthropophilic/geophilic/zoophilic) dermatophytosis.

Question 55

Roseola is a rare but very dangerous childhood viral infection.

Question 56

Chromoblastomycosis is rarely a severe disease and can be treated easily with appropriate drugs.

Question 57

Immunization with (chickenpox/cowpox/HPV) provides protection against smallpox.

Question 58

M protein is an antiphagocytic factor produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 59

"Three-day measles" is caused by the (roseola/rubella/rubeola) virus.

Question 60

The ________ is a layer of tough fibers and fat cells that anchors the skin to the deeper tissues.

A) epidermis
B) dermis
C) hypodermis
D) fascia
E) follicles

Question 61

Infection with (Sporothrix/Staphylococcus/Streptococcus) may result in disease known as scalded skin syndrome.

Question 62

The presence of Koplik's spots is sufficient for a diagnosis of (chickenpox/measles/rubella).

Question 63

Explain why smallpox vaccination is still being considered and debated, even though smallpox has been eradicated.

Question 64

Explain the relationship between chickenpox and shingles, paying special attention to the pathogenic processes and transmission of each of these diseases.

Question 65

Explain why Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described as a "medical puzzle."

Question 66

Both necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene are diseases characterized by rapid, spreading tissue necrosis. Compare and contrast the infectious agents, the pathology and treatment.

Question 67

The syndrome known as cat scratch disease results when (Bartonella/Pseudomonas/Rickettsia) is introduced into a wound.

Question 68

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common microbe associated with infections of (burn/immunocompromised/elderly) patients.

Question 69

Warts on the sole of the foot are known as (seed/flat/plantar) warts.

Question 70

Describe the natural defenses of the skin that prevent many infections of this area.

Question 71

A (furuncle/pimple/sty) is a type of folliculitis characterized by a large, painful, pus-filled nodule.

Question 72

Localization of lesions within a band of skin on one side of the body is a characteristic of the disease (measles/shingles/sporotrichosis).