Deck 21: Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Question 1

Blood returning from circulation through the body first enters the

A) left ventricle.
B) right atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) pulmonary vein.
E) left atrium.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Infection of the lymphatic vessels is known as

A) disseminated intravascular coagulation.
B) bacteremia.
C) lymphangitis.
D) petechiae.
E) recurrent fever.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A) the aorta
B) the superior vena cava
C) the inferior vena cava
D) the pulmonary arteries
E) capillaries

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A person is brought to the emergency room with constant high fever, extensive edema, low blood pressure, and petechiae. From which of the following may the person be suffering?

A) septicemia
B) plague
C) Lyme disease
D) brucellosis
E) infectious mononucleosis

Question 5

The chief diagnostic sign of brucellosis is

A) petechiae.
B) jaundice.
C) "bull's eye" rash.
D) fever which recurs at 24 hour intervals.
E) fever which cycles every 72 hours.

Question 6

Which of the following is characteristic of Yersinia pestis infections?

A) petechiae
B) a "bull's-eye" rash
C) jaundice
D) arthritis
E) buboes

Question 7

The appearance of this rash is characteristic of infections with which of the following?

A) Francisella tularensis
B) dengue virus
C) Borrelia burgdorferi
D) Epstein-Barr virus
E) Yersinia pestis

Question 8

The chambers and valves of the heart are lined by the

A) pericardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) erythrocytes.
E) vena cava.

Question 9

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is associated with

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
C) Streptococcus pyogenes.
D) Neisseria meningitidis.
E) both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 10

Unprotected contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal may result in

A) African sleeping sickness.
B) brucellosis.
C) blackwater fever.
D) Lyme disease.
E) toxoplasmosis.

Question 11

Primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus is known as

A) infectious mononucleosis.
B) Burkitt's lymphoma.
C) Hodgkin's lymphoma.
D) chronic fatigue syndrome.
E) oral hairy leukoplakia.

Question 12

A few days of fever with vomiting followed by high fever, jaundice, and "black vomit" are characteristic of

A) malaria.
B) dengue fever.
C) Chagas' disease.
D) yellow fever.
E) schistosomiasis.

Question 13

Which of the following is/are a reservoir for Francisella tularensis?

A) rabbits
B) ticks
C) humans
D) rabbits and ticks
E) humans, rabbits and ticks

Question 14

The normal habitat of ________ is rodents, but humans bitten by fleas carrying the pathogen have fever, severely inflamed lymph nodes, and headache. Later, areas of black, necrotic tissue may develop.

A) Clostridium perfringens
B) Yersinia pestis
C) Francisella tularensis
D) Borrelia burgdorferi
E) Toxoplasma gondii

Question 15

A blood sample from a patient is examined on a microscope. Bacterial cells are detected in the sample. The patient has

A) bacteremia.
B) lymphangitis.
C) toxemia.
D) lipidemia.
E) viremia.

Question 16

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complication resulting from the

A) release of cytotoxins.
B) triggering of the complement system.
C) attachment of bacterial cells to the endocardium.
D) release of heme from damaged RBCs.
E) release of lipid A from dying Gram-negative bacteria.

Question 17

Vegetations are associated with which of the following disease processes?

A) septicemia
B) endocarditis
C) tularemia
D) plague
E) toxoplasmosis

Question 18

How does Borrelia burgdorferi evade the body's defenses?

A) It has a polysaccharide capsule.
B) It has manganese-containing enzymes.
C) It is capable of antigenic variation.
D) It has a polysaccharide capsule and antiphagocytic proteins.
E) It is capable of antigenic variation and has manganese-containing enzymes.

Question 19

Epstein-Barr virus infections are typically asymptomatic in ________ because of incomplete development of adaptive immunity.

A) the elderly
B) AIDS patients
C) adolescents
D) adults
E) young children

Question 20

Fever, difficulty breathing, extreme fatigue, and elevated heart rate are characteristic of

A) Bang's disease.
B) ehrlichiosis.
C) infectious mononucleosis.
D) plague.
E) endocarditis.

Question 21

A young man living in the Southeastern U.S. is an avid outdoorsman and has a history of tick bites. Blood tests show that he has leukopenia.. He may have contracted

A) brucellosis.
B) tularemia.
C) Lyme disease.
D) ehrlichiosis.
E) Chagas' disease.

Question 22

Which of the following is the infective form of Trypanosoma cruzi?

A) epimastigotes
B) trypomastigotes
C) pseudocysts
D) amastigotes
E) miricidia

Question 23

Which of the following statements concerning Toxoplasma infection is CORRECT?

A) It is a rare infection.
B) It is transmitted by biting insects.
C) It is typically contracted by eating undercooked meat.
D) Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts.
E) In most individuals, the infection results in lasting damage to the heart.

Question 24

Which of the following is/are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes?

A) dengue fever
B) yellow fever
C) malaria
D) both dengue fever and yellow fever
E) dengue fever, yellow fever, and malaria

Question 25

Which of the following diseases is a major problem for AIDS patients?

A) Chagas' disease
B) toxoplasmosis
C) hemorrhagic fevers
D) Lyme disease
E) brucellosis

Question 26

Which of the following diseases is currently vaccine-preventable in humans?

A) schistosomiasis
B) malaria
C) Lyme disease
D) plague
E) yellow fever

Question 27

The normal hosts for Ebola viruses are probably

A) birds.
B) cats.
C) rodents.
D) bats.
E) humans.

Question 28

Plasmodium species reproduce sexually in

A) birds.
B) Aedes mosquitoes.
C) Ixodes ticks.
D) humans.
E) Anopheles mosquitoes.

Question 29

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the result of

A) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with dengue virus.
B) an antibody-antigen complex reaction.
C) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with dengue virus.
D) an autoimmune disease.
E) the chronic carrier state associated with dengue virus infection.

Question 30

Another name for brucellosis is ________ fever.

A) blackwater
B) yellow
C) snail
D) rabbit
E) undulant

Question 31

Plasmodium falciparum produces proteins that cause ________ in addition to the anemia due to erythrocyte destruction.

A) DIC
B) toxemia
C) black vomit
D) capillary damage
E) damage to the heart muscle

Question 32

A large number of people in an African village become ill a couple of weeks after sharing a feast of stew made from the meat of jungle animals. They initially have fever, headache and fatigue, and develop petechiae. Most then experience bloody diarrhea and vomiting, and a few days later begin bleeding from the mouth and eyes. What is the most likely preliminary diagnosis?

A) dengue hemorrhagic fever
B) ebola hemorrhagic fever
C) yellow fever
D) malaria
E) African trypanosomiasis

Question 33

Schizogony is an important aspect of which of the following pathogens?

A) Yersinia pestis
B) Plasmodium species
C) Toxoplasma gondii
D) Trypanosoma cruzi
E) Schistosoma mansoni

Question 34

Infection with Schistosoma species is acquired by

A) mosquito bite.
B) tick bite.
C) eating undercooked meat.
D) eating undercooked fish.
E) wading or swimming in fresh water.

Question 35

A young woman develops a fever after a recent trip to a Caribbean island. She also experiences severe headache and pain "in the bones." After a few days, she also develops a rash. Which of the following did she most likely contract?

A) yellow fever virus
B) dengue virus
C) malaria
D) Toxoplasma
E) Chagas' disease

Question 36

Cycles of fever, chills, anemia and headache along with passage of dark colored urine are the symptoms of infection with

A) yellow fever virus.
B) P. vivax.
C) P. ovale.
D) P. falciparum.
E) dengue virus.

Question 37

Depletion of clotting proteins from the serum leads to the uncontrollable hemorrhaging seen in ________ infections.

A) yellow fever virus
B) malaria
C) dengue virus
D) Ebola virus
E) Epstein-Barr virus

Question 38

An indication of infection with Human herpesvirus 4 is

A) "swimmer's itch."
B) "bull's eye" rash.
C) a bubo.
D) high fever and sore throat.
E) an ulcerating sore.

Question 39

Lyme disease becomes chronic because

A) Borrelia changes its surface antigens frequently.
B) Borrelia can lie dormant in liver cells.
C) the bacterium resists phagocytosis.
D) Borrelia is an intracellular parasite of erythrocytes.
E) the bacterium resists phagocytosis and "hides" erythrocytes.

Question 40

Which of the following is known to be teratogenic?

A) Epstein-Barr virus
B) cytomegalovirus
C) Plasmodium
D) Borrelia
E) dengue virus

Question 41

Lipid A can cause septic shock.

Question 42

Epstein-Barr virus causes the cells it infects to become immortal because it suppresses (apoptosis/cytolysis/oncogenesis).

Question 43

One of the factors leading to the initial characterization of Lyme disease in 1975 was the greater-than-expected incidence of (arthritis/osteomyelitis/mononucleosis) among children.

Question 44

It is the (larvae/nymph/adult) stage of the tick genus Ixodes that most often transmits Lyme disease to humans.

Question 45

Anaplasma primarily infects (erythrocytes/monocytes/neutrophils).

Question 46

Small doses of antimicrobial drugs are effective in treatment of the late stages of Borrelia infection because the microbe is extremely susceptible.

Question 47

Human herpesvirus 4 is better known as cytomegalovirus.

Question 48

When bacteria in the bloodstream invade the bones, this leads to a painful condition called (endocarditis/osteomyelitis/lymphangitis).

Question 49

The terms "bacteremia" and "septicemia" are synonymous.

Question 50

Blood returns to the heart from the lungs through the pulmonary (arteries/veins/valves).

Question 51

Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina is now treated with (interferon/fomivirsen/ganciclovir), the first antisense RNA drug.

Question 52

A person reports to a clinic complaining of fever and abdominal pain. The abdomen is swollen, and blood tests indicate kidney damage. A stool sample is examined under a microscope and found to contain the egg shown in the figure. The indications are consistent with infection with

A) Plasmodium falciparum.
B) Anaplasma phagocytophilium.
C) Schistosoma mansoni.
D) Toxoplasma gondii.
E) Trypanosoma cruzi.

Question 53

The release of bacterial toxins into the blood leads to (bacteremia/septicemia/toxemia).

Question 54

People with genes for a form of hemoglobin known as hemoglobin C are at risk of fatal malaria disease.

Question 55

Both bubonic and pneumonic plague cause the formation of buboes and tissue necrosis of the extremities.

Question 56

Cytomegalovirus may be latent for years and reactivate when immunosuppression occurs.

Question 57

The zoonosis known as (ehrlichiosis/plague/tularemia) is transmitted to humans by fleas.

Question 58

The three developmental stages of Ehrlichia are the elementary body, the initial body, and the morula.

Question 59

Lymph is produced in the lymph nodes.

Question 60

Patients with occult septicemia are asymptomatic.

Question 61

The Ebola and Marburg viruses are the sole members of the (Flaviviridae/Filoviridae/Herpesviridae) family, named for their unusual filamentous form. (Be sure to use proper form.)

Question 62

The intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni is a (mosquito/tick/snail).

Question 63

Explain the difference between bacteremia and septicemia, and describe some of the factors that can lead to septicemia.

Question 64

The final stage of Chagas' disease is typically fatal because the parasite infects cells of the (blood/heart/liver).

Question 65

Compare and contrast bubonic and pneumonic plague.

Question 66

Compare and contrast dengue hemorrhagic fever and Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Discuss both the pathogens and the pathology.

Question 67

Plasmodium (gametocytes/merozoites/sporozoites) reproduce by schizogony in humans.

Question 68

Yellow fever is named for the (anemia/jaundice/vomiting) it typically causes.

Question 69

How does the age of the infected individual play a role in the development of Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) infections such as infectious mononucleosis?

Question 70

True bugs in the genus (Aedes/Ixodes/Triatoma) transmit Chagas' disease. (Be sure to use proper nomenclature form.)

Question 71

List and describe the three stages of malaria, paying attention to the various forms of the protozoan parasite present in each stage of the disease.