Deck 13: Experiencing Health, Illness, and Medical Care

Question 1

The Flint, Michigan water crisis mostly affected low-income residents and people of color. This crisis, therefore, was ______.

A) biologically driven
B) socially patterned
C) a cultural phenomenon
D) unavoidable

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When we are able to recognize health patterns, it helps us to ______.

A) determine why they exist
B) assign blame for their cause
C) eliminate health problems
D) do further research in other areas

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Being able to recognize health patterns may enable us to ______.

A) find ways to address them
B) assign blame for their cause
C) eliminate health problems
D) focus more on genetic components

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What admission test now includes a section on the social sciences because it has been determined that societal and cultural effects on health matters?

A) GRE
B) GMAT
C) LSAT
D) MCAT

Question 5

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has determined that physicians should recognize ______ effects on their patients' health.

A) reoccurring
B) catastrophic
C) heritable
D) societal and cultural

Question 6

A sociology background helps a medical professional understand health influences by understanding ______.

A) genetics
B) immunology
C) relationships
D) scientific knowledge

Question 7

As discussed in this chapter, a sociological perspective can help you to understand your own ______.

A) relationships
B) health
C) cognitive processes
D) grades

Question 8

Georgette's work focuses on the health care system, specifically inequalities in medical treatment. Georgette is most likely ______.

A) a psychiatrist
B) a physician
C) a research scientist
D) a medical sociologist

Question 9

Kumari is a sociologist who studies how race, ethnicity, sex, gender, and socioeconomic status affect health and disease patterns. Kumari's area of expertise is ______.

A) experiences with illness
B) health disparities
C) the health care system
D) physician's relationships with patient

Question 10

Elara is a sociologist who studies how social patterns of health and illness are affected by government policies. She is most likely focused on the topic of ______.

A) experiences with illness
B) health disparities
C) the health care system

Question 11

Manfred, a sociologist, has just received a grant to study how people cope with a chronic illness. Manfred's area of study is ______.

A) experiences with illness
B) health disparities
C) the health care system

Question 12

Clarisse is a sociologist who is aware that the social distribution of health and illness is partially caused by inequality. What broad topic in the study of sociology does this refer to?

A) experiences with illness
B) health disparities
C) the health care system

Question 13

The lack of health insurance is a problem for many in the United States. A sociologist who studies this is focusing on which sociological topic area?

A) experiences with illness
B) health disparities
C) the health care system

Question 14

If you have diabetes, you must be aware of your food intake and blood sugar levels for the rest of your life. This represents ______.

A) an acute illness
B) a health disparity
C) an illness cycle
D) a biographical disruption

Question 15

The flu is an example of ______.

A) a chronic illness
B) an acute illness
C) a biographical disruption
D) a health outlier

Question 16

Talcott Parsons believed that too many ______ people would harm society.

A) sick
B) poor
C) wealthy
D) unemployed

Question 17

John Smith kept getting colds, but he refused to go to the doctor in spite of missing work regularly. According to Talcott Parsons, John Smith was not ______.

A) being courteous to his coworkers
B) accepting blame for his actions
C) fulfilling the sick role
D) recognizing his illness

Question 18

Talcott Parsons' theory assumes that ______.

A) physicians know best
B) illnesses should be categorized
C) people don't always do what is best for them
D) illness should not have a stigma

Question 19

Claudine doesn't have health insurance, so when she got cancer, she had to sell her house and declare bankruptcy to afford the medical bills. This most demonstrates which impact of illness on society?

A) neglecting members of one's family
B) financial instability
C) missing work
D) lack of family support

Question 20

A lack of insurance or underinsurance and high medical costs in the United States can result in which impact of illness on society?

A) neglecting members of one's family
B) financial instability
C) missing work
D) lack of family support

Question 21

When Marcus was a child, he had trouble focusing in school and often got into trouble for getting out of his chair. Marcus' son, Jason, also has these problems, but he has been diagnosed with hyperactivity and attention deficit and is receiving medication for it. Which statement best explains what has happened in this scenario?

A) Hyperactivity and attention deficit have been medicalized.
B) Marcus's problems weren't severe enough for medication.
C) Jason's disruptions to the class could not be tolerated.
D) Hyperactivity and attention deficit are considered behavior problems.

Question 22

How has childbirth become medicalized?

A) It can occur in the home or the hospital.
B) It used to occur in the home, but now more often happens in a hospital.
C) It now requires surgery.
D) Midwives have been outlawed and only doctors can deliver babies.

Question 23

One in three births in the United States involves ______.

A) a midwife
B) an OBGYN
C) surgery
D) hospitalization

Question 24

The World Health Organization estimates that ______ of births should be performed by C-section.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 50%

Question 25

One thing discussed in the text that has increased the prevalence of medicalization is ______.

A) better treatment for chronic conditions
B) antibiotic overuse
C) a lack of physicians in rural areas
D) the commercialization of pharmaceuticals

Question 26

When Toby's grandmother was young, no one talked about the rash on her skin that wouldn't go away. Toby has seen commercials on TV about a treatment for psoriasis, and told her she should use it. This demonstrates the ______.

A) prevalence of the illness
B) viability of a drug regimen
C) role of the pharmaceutical industry
D) drug resistance with the illness

Question 27

Amiri lives in one of the two countries where advertising a prescription drug is legal. Which country applies?

A) Canada
B) China
C) South Africa
D) New Zealand

Question 28

The average TV viewer sees nine ______ advertisements a day in the United States.

A) retirement home
B) prescription drug
C) physicians'
D) accident attorneys'

Question 29

What did the FDA do in the 1990s that caused direct-to-consumer drug advertising to increase?

A) made it legal in the United States.
B) reduced disclosure of side effects requirements
C) removed competition limitations
D) required networks to provide reduced ad pricing for the public's benefit

Question 30

A positive consequence of medicalization is ______.

A) more competition has resulted in cheaper drug prices
B) an emphasis on prescribing drugs for treatment
C) counseling is more often prescribed
D) the public is less likely to judge the person with the illness

Question 31

Five-year-old Nathan was constantly being scolded by his parents for "zoning out" when they asked him to do things, so the family requested he be put on ADHD medication. Later, it was determined that Nathan was worried that his parents were getting a divorce because they fought a lot, and that was causing his inattention in school. What consequence of medicalization occurred here?

A) The parents overlooked other possible causes for the condition.
B) The treatment did not include medical professionals.
C) The parents thought Nathan was just stubborn.
D) The family doctor should have intervened.

Question 32

Which of these is least likely to impact a person's rate of exercise?

A) crime rates
B) socioeconomic status
C) access to walking trails
D) size of family

Question 33

How does a higher income promote health?

A) It increases self-image.
B) It increases work hours.
C) It expands access to resources.
D) It encourages a more attractive personal appearance.

Question 34

According to the theory of fundamental cause, which person is more likely to reduce the risk of things like heart disease and diabetes?

A) the person with a minimum wage job and health insurance
B) the person with a small business and no health insurance
C) the person who has a higher income and lives in a nicer neighborhood
D) The above three groups are equally likely to reduce their risk.

Question 35

Which person is least likely to avoid the risk of heart disease?

A) Marlin buys his fresh food at high-end grocery stores.
B) Marla's college friends are all of a similar socioeconomic status and get together weekly to talk about personal issues.
C) Marion works in a company with a fitness center for employees.
D) Wes works from home and rarely leaves the house because the neighborhood isn't safe.

Question 36

A neighborhood where fresh fruits and vegetables are rarely available, but processed foods are widely available is a ______.

A) food desert
B) nutritional oasis
C) grocery hole
D) food hole

Question 37

Lola loves her neighborhood because it has lots of fast food and her local market stocks a wide variety of candy. Lola probably lives in a ______.

A) food desert
B) nutritional oasis
C) carb haven
D) food hole

Question 38

Marcel has a low paying job. Which characteristic is the most likely to describe this job?

A) high autonomy, low flexibility
B) high autonomy, low benefits
C) low autonomy, low flexibility
D) low autonomy, high benefits

Question 39

What is the most likely result of a job with high levels of stress?

A) increased levels of exercise
B) more flexible work schedule
C) more room for creativity
D) increased likelihood of death

Question 40

Of the two primary measures social scientists use to measure its citizen's health, which one measures the number of deaths of children under 13 months of age for every 1000 live births?

A) infant expectancy
B) life expectancy
C) infant mortality
D) infant morbidity

Question 41

Kevin's parents are both in their 90s, so he is expected to live into his 90s also. This is Kevin's ______.

A) life expectancy
B) mortality
C) morbidity
D) death expectancy

Question 42

Diana's country spends more on health care than any other country in the Global North. Diana lives in ______.

A) Australia
B) the United Kingdom
C) Japan
D) the United States

Question 43

Which characteristic is least likely to exhibit health disparities?

A) sex and gender
B) race and ethnicity
C) socioeconomic status
D) political preference

Question 44

Donna has had numerous illnesses since she married ten years ago, many more than her husband has had. As such, Donna may be said to have a ______ than her husband.

A) lower mortality
B) higher rate of morbidity
C) lower rate of recovery
D) lower life expectancy

Question 45

What is one way gender scripts affect mortality and morbidity rates?

A) Men tend to condone violent behavior.
B) Women have few and poor social relationships.
C) Men go to the doctor more often.
D) Women tend to condone unhealthy eating.

Question 46

______ Americans tend to live longer than ______ Americans.

A) Asian; Black
B) Black; Hispanic
C) Native; Hispanic
D) Black; White

Question 47

The agency that serves the health needs of the Native American population in and near reservations spends about ______ of medical funds spent on the typical U.S. resident.

A) one tenth
B) one half
C) one third
D) two thirds

Question 48

In general, ______ have better health than ______.

A) Vietnamese Americans; Chinese Americans
B) native-born Blacks; African-born Blacks
C) Cuban Americans; Mexican Americans
D) Native Americans; Asian Americans

Question 49

The American Psychiatric Association defines ______ as "health conditions involving changes in emotion, thinking or behavior (or a combination of these)… associated with distress and/or problems functioning in social, work or family activities."

A) psychological disorders
B) functional disorders
C) personality disorders
D) mental illnesses

Question 50

Chris has been diagnosed with a personality disorder in which he becomes violent unexpectedly. If you know nothing else about Chris, he has the greatest chance of belonging to which socioeconomic status?

A) low socioeconomic status
B) middle socioeconomic status
C) high socioeconomic status
D) any socioeconomic status

Question 51

If you live in a country where the government guarantees health care for all citizens, you benefit from a system called ______.

A) state-sponsored insurance
B) universal coverage
C) total coverage
D) national health care

Question 52

Which country has a multi-payer health insurance model, where citizens are required to purchase insurance and use private healthcare with government-regulated prices?

A) Canada
B) Australia
C) the United States
D) Japan

Question 53

Which country has a health care system in which the government pays and provides all health services to its citizens?

A) France
B) the United Kingdom
C) Canada
D) Switzerland

Question 54

Which country follows a national health insurance model, in which the government pays for health care from private health care providers?

A) France
B) the United Kingdom
C) Canada
D) Switzerland

Question 55

Dalia was shocked when she learned that her country spends double the amount on health care per person than other Global North nations spend. Where does Dalia live?

A) the United Kingdom
B) Australia
C) the United States
D) Japan

Question 56

Which statement is true regarding health care in the United States?

A) The United States guarantees health care for all citizens.
B) The United States has more doctors than other Global North nations.
C) In the United States, doctors tend to work in urban areas.
D) Access to health providers is not a problem in the United States.

Question 57

Government health insurance for those over age 65 is called ______.

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Universal health care
D) Obamacare

Question 58

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is also known as ______.

A) the national health care program
B) Obamacare
C) the national health insurance program
D) Medicare and Medicaid

Question 59

Wally got insurance after the passage of the ACA. As such, he ______.

A) pays more because he has a preexisting condition
B) pays a small copay for wellness checkups
C) may lose his insurance if he exceeds a maximum amount of claims
D) is covered under his parents' plan until the age of 26

Question 60

Carmel was paying premiums for health insurance, but when he had surgery, he was surprised to learn he still owed thousands of dollars to the hospital and medical providers. Carmel is ______.

A) uninsured
B) fully insured
C) underinsured
D) not insured

Question 61

Medical professionals should focus on patients' medical needs and not spend time trying to understand their social relationships.

Question 62

Being a good physician includes being able to understand people.

Question 63

Most people experience illness in isolation.

Question 64

Biographical disruption refers to the fact that where you live impacts your health.

Question 65

Talcott Parsons believed that being healthy and productive is functional for society and too many sick people would harm society.

Question 66

Medicalization has grown less pervasive in the United States over the past few decades.

Question 67

Almost all of the consequences of medicalization are negative.

Question 68

Stress may be able to be managed with regular exercise and vacations.

Question 69

Your level of education can have an impact on your health and wellness.

Question 70

Gender scripts relate to how sexual orientation affects health and illness.

Question 71

Women tend to live longer than men, even though they are more often ill.

Question 72

Researchers have not found a strong connection between mental health and social class.

Question 73

Everyone in the United States is eligible for Medicaid when they reach the age of 65.

Question 74

Home foreclosure is the biggest cause of personal bankruptcy in the United States.

Question 75

Even for those with insurance, an illness can be financially devastating.

Question 76

Explain what is meant by the statement, "Illness is socially patterned."

Question 77

How does a long-term illness affect those around the sick person?

Question 78

Describe the concept of medicalization, and list two advantages and two disadvantages of it.

Question 79

Describe the theory of fundamental cause.

Question 80

How does the U.S. health care system compare to other countries' systems?