Deck 4: Regionalism and Political Cultures

Question 1

Western Canadians are often seen as being more ________ than Canadians in other parts of the country.

A) left-wing
B) right-wing
C) socialist
D) liberal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In general, political views in Atlantic Canada are ________ of government intervention in the economy.

A) neutral
B) not supportive
C) supportive
D) None of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Nationalism in Canada is most closely associated with which province and political party?

A) Nova Scotia and the NDP
B) Ontario and the Green Party
C) Alberta and the United Conservative Party
D) Quebec and the Bloc Québécois

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What was the slogan of the Reform Party in 1987?

A) "The East wants in"
B) "The West wants out"
C) "We Want the East out"
D) None of the above

Question 5

Sectionalism is an emotional connection with:

A) one's province, region, or area of residence
B) the global community
C) a particular political party
D) one's country of birth

Question 6

What type of regionalism is typically associated with Ontario?

A) nationalism
B) sectionalism
C) secessionism
D) socialism

Question 7

Which of the following is a political objective often associated with Western alienation?

A) representation by population in national institutions
B) asymmetrical federalism
C) Senate reform
D) distinct society

Question 8

Which of the following is a political grievance typically associated with Atlantic Canada's sectionalist view?

A) marginalization
B) the composition of the Senate
C) dominance of English Canada
D) federal unilateralism

Question 9

Atlantic sectionalism has periodically manifested as which of the following?

A) Calls for a formal Maritime Union.
B) Calls for a distinct society clause similar to that of Quebec.
C) Calls for complete separation from Canada.
D) The formation of new federal political parties.

Question 10

What is nationalism?

A) A political ideology that advocates the least amount of state intervention in the lives of citizens.
B) A society's innate political characteristics, embodied in the structure of its institutions and the belief of its members.
C) An allegiance or psychological connection to a territory or area with its own unique political characteristics.
D) A unifying ideology among people who share a common homeland, ancestry, and language or culture.

Question 11

Which of the following occurred during the mega-constitutional period?

A) There were renewed calls to recognize Newfoundland and Labrador nationhood.
B) Newfoundland nationalism increased in response to the growth of Western alienation.
C) Western alienation grew in response to the successes of Quebec nationalism.
D) A formal Maritime Union was created.

Question 12

Throughout most of the first century of Confederation, Quebec's unique political culture was illustrated by which of the following?

A) Its inward-looking, protectionist brand of sectionalism.
B) Its inward-looking, protectionist brand of secessionism.
C) Its outward-looking, expansionist brand of sectionalism.
D) None of the above

Question 13

The ________ marked the dawn of a new era in Quebec's political landscape, when it would begin to take active measures to strengthen its identity and position within Confederation.

A) Night of the Long Knives
B) Great Depression
C) Quiet Revolution
D) completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway

Question 14

Which phrase is typically associated with Quebec's desire to increase political and economic control over their own governmental affairs?

A) Liberté, égalité, fraternité (Liberty, equality, fraternity)
B) Je me souviens (I remember)
C) Vive le Québec libre (Long live free Quebec)
D) Maîtres chez nous (masters of our own house)

Question 15

One branch of the nationalist movement in Quebec, which seeks greater autonomy for the provincial government within Confederation, is known as which of the following?

A) Federalists
B) Dominionists
C) Separatists
D) Sovereigntists

Question 16

The separatist movement was marred by the radicalism of which terrorist group?

A) Union Nationale
B) Creditistes
C) Front de Libération du Quebec
D) None of the above

Question 17

What was the proposed legal arrangement whereby Quebec would be politically independent but would maintain economic ties with Canada?

A) Wexit
B) sovereignty-association
C) citizens-plus
D) treaty federalism

Question 18

In the ruling on the Secession reference (1998) the Supreme Court concluded which of the following?

A) A province could not unilaterally secede under Canadian or international law.
B) Parliament has the power to determine what constitutes a clear referendum question.
C) The federal government would be obligated to enter into negotiations with any province should a clear majority of its electorate vote in favour of independence.
D) All of the above

Question 19

What was the objective of the Clarity Act (2000)?

A) establish the federal government's authority over oil and gas reserves in Western Canada
B) set out the terms for the federal government to deal with a province proposing to secede
C) resolve conflict with provincial governments in Atlantic Canada over off-shore oil and gas
D) repeal the Act Respecting Constitutional Amendments

Question 20

What historic motion did the House of Commons pass in 2006?

A) "that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada"
B) "that Quebec constitutes a distinct society from the rest of Canada"
C) "that Quebec, like all provinces, constitutes a distinct society within a united Canada"
D) "that the Government of Canada supports sovereignty-association with Quebec"

Question 21

What are Canadians whose dominant language is neither French nor English known as?

A) Xylophones
B) Allophones
C) Anglophones
D) Autrephones

Question 22

Many advancements have been made with respect to the five demands articulated by Bourassa in the lead-up to the Meech Lake Accord. Most of these advancements have been made in a ________ fashion, meaning that the guarantees offered to Quebec were offered to other provinces as well.

A) bipartisan
B) asymmetrical
C) symmetrical
D) unilateral

Question 23

When did Newfoundland join Confederation?

A) 1867
B) 1919
C) 1949
D) 1990

Question 24

Which of the following factors have helped to sustain regionalism in Canada?

A) it has been entrenched in the institutions of government
B) it has been socialized through pop culture, family transmission, and formal education
C) it has been routinely politicized by elected leaders
D) all of the above

Question 25

The Laurentian thesis suggests that:

A) the economic dominance of Western Canada has instigated nationalist sentiments in Quebec
B) Atlantic Canada's marginalization has spawned Western alienation
C) perceptions of central Canadian dominance have ignited resentment in peripheral regions
D) Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier's national policy divided the country into four regions

Question 26

Which province has the most comprehensive public daycare system?

A) Alberta
B) Saskatchewan
C) Quebec
D) Newfoundland and Labrador

Question 27

Which of the following was a key demand in Quebec's Quiet Revolution?

A) increased federal government spending in Quebec
B) more local political and economic control for French Canadians
C) full control over immigration policy
D) an end to British troops in Quebec

Question 28

Which factors have been identified as laying the foundation of regionalism in Canada?

A) settlement patterns, formative events, and economic staples
B) gender, ethnicity, class
C) climate change, income inequality, settler colonialism
D) globalization, postmodernism, postmaterialism

Question 29

What is the process through which regionalism is passed from generation to generation and from residents to newcomers?

A) institutionalization
B) the Laurentian thesis
C) the tory touch
D) socialization

Question 30

Which province's political culture is defined as the pursuit of economic success, the recognition of preeminence within Canada, managerial efficiency, and a respect for diversity of interests?

A) Quebec
B) Ontario
C) Alberta
D) British Columbia

Question 31

Which province's political culture is defined by constant struggles with the federal government, a tendency toward populist politics, and the power of symbolic conservatism?

A) Quebec
B) New Brunswick
C) Alberta
D) Newfoundland and Labrador

Question 32

What is a political movement that seeks to reduce elite authority over ordinary people and often led by a charismatic figure?

A) alienation
B) populism
C) pluralism
D) nationalism

Question 33

What is Turtle Island?

A) the island off the Atlantic Coast of Canada still controlled by the French Crown
B) a name used by some Indigenous communities to describe what settlers call North America
C) the northernmost island in the Canadian-controlled arctic
D) None of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is not associated with regionalism?

A) a psychological connection to a territory
B) a form of geographic identity
C) a belief in the power of government to solve problems
D) a shared sense of purpose among people of a particular place

Question 35

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A) Political culture is the common set of values underpinning a political system.
B) Political culture is embodied in a society's political institutions.
C) Many scholars treat Canada as comprising multiple political cultures.
D) Political cultures exist only at the provincial level in Canada.

Question 36

Which region's political culture is defined at times by a left-right ideological divide and a cleavage between federalist and nationalist forces?

A) British Columbia
B) Alberta
C) Quebec
D) Newfoundland and Labrador

Question 37

Which region's political culture is described as having "centrist tendencies grounded in the very concepts of modesty and moderation that make up its 'middleman' image"?

A) Prince Edward Island
B) Cosmopolitan Quebec
C) Manitoba
D) The Manufacturing Belt

Question 38

The federal public service routinely groups provinces together into regions to assist with:

A) the distribution of funding
B) the delivery of public services
C) the development of public policy
D) All of the above

Question 39

In general, most Canadians outside Quebec:

A) feel a stronger attachment to Canada than their home province
B) feel a stronger attachment to their home province than their local community
C) feel a stronger attachment to Canada than their local community
D) All of the above

Question 40

What role do politicians play in perpetuating regionalism in Canada?

A) They demand more political power for provincial governments.
B) They stoke citizens' feelings of political and economic inferiority.
C) They use populism to challenge the authority of elites in Ottawa.
D) All of the above

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of sectionalism in Canada?

A) politicians call for a province to become an independent country
B) a provincial government defines its people as unique in terms of their ethno-cultural history
C) a provincial government calls for more influence in federal government appointments
D) a premier criticizes another premier of a different political party

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of nationalism in Canada?

A) an Indigenous leader calls for a one-on-one meeting with the governor general
B) a new political party emerges to push for a redistribution of Senate seats
C) a provincial government schedules a referendum on sovereignty
D) the federal government unilaterally changes the lyrics to the national anthem

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of secessionism in Canada?

A) premiers call for the federal government to stop meddling in education policy
B) a provincial government makes a universal declaration of independence
C) an Indigenous leader boycotts an annual meeting with premiers
D) a group of premiers launches an advertising campaign to bring attention to climate change

Question 44

Which metaphor figures prominently in political cartoons about western alienation?

A) the tortoise and the hare
B) the horse and the cart
C) the milch cow and the farmers
D) the chicken and the egg

Question 45

In general, ________ has been the dominant form of regionalism in Western Canada.

A) socialism
B) sectionalism
C) secessionism
D) nationalism

Question 46

The most appropriate term for pride in being Canadian is:

A) populism
B) patriotism
C) nationalism
D) sectionalism

Question 47

Those who support more autonomy for Quebec, but who shy away from full independence, are:

A) hard nationalists
B) radical nationalists
C) soft nationalists
D) blue nationalists

Question 48

Historically, Canada has faced its greatest threats to national unity when:

A) the NDP is in power in Alberta
B) the Parti Quebecois is in power in Quebec
C) the same party is in power in Quebec and Ottawa
D) two right-wing parties merge

Question 49

______ settlers helped establish Alberta's ______ political culture in the early twentieth century.

A) British; tory touched
B) Russian; communist
C) Chinese; Maoist
D) American; liberal-populist

Question 50

Regionalism means the same thing to Canadians across the country.

Question 51

Regionalism was once a defining feature of Canadian politics, but is no longer among the most salient and enduring characteristics of our political landscape.

Question 52

Alberta is the second most populous Prairie province.

Question 53

More than 4 out of 5 Canadians live in Ontario.

Question 54

More than three-quarters of Quebecers speak neither French nor English as their first language.

Question 55

The Yukon is the most populous of the territories.

Question 56

The federal government uses a single set of categories to define and identify the different regions in Canada.

Question 57

Historically, Ontario-based regionalism has been among the weakest in Canada, with most Ontarians identifying themselves as part of the broader Canadian community.

Question 58

Nationalism tends to involve invented traditions, exaggerated grievances, and an ignorance of self-culpabilities.

Question 59

During the Quebec referendum in 1980, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau vowed to deny Quebec a renewed place within Confederation, in order to keep Quebec nationalists in their place.

Question 60

One of the reasons regionalism endures as a factor in Canadian politics is because it is continually politicized by Canadian politicians.

Question 61

Regionalism has become increasingly portrayed through an urban-suburban-rural lens.

Question 62

City dwellers tend to be more conservative in their political leanings than people living in rural areas.

Question 63

Western alienation is a new aspect of regionalism in Canada, emerging as a reaction to climate change activism in the early 2010s.

Question 64

Federalists seek greater autonomy from the Quebec government within Confederation, while sovereigntists desire independence from Canada.

Question 65

Nova Scotia maintains a polarized political culture that is defined, at times, by a left-right ideological divide and a cleavage between federalist and nationalist forces.

Question 66

Western Canada is generally viewed as more right-wing than Eastern Canada.

Question 67

British Columbia's political culture is best described as traditionalist.

Question 68

Federal political parties are moving away from approaching Canada primarily as a collection of distinct provincial regions.

Question 69

Atlantic Canada consists of the three Maritime Provinces plus Newfoundland and Labrador.

Question 70

Western alienation began with the establishment of the National Energy Program in 1980.

Question 71

Calls for devolution by Northern premiers are a form of secessionism.

Question 72

Sectionalism has existed in Ontario.

Question 73

Canada is a multi-national state.

Question 74

Separatist sentiments have always been stronger in Quebec than in other parts of Canada.

Question 75

Since its entry into Confederation, the dominant form of regionalism in Quebec has been an outward-looking, expansionist brand of secessionism.

Question 76

The "non" side won a larger proportion of the votes in the 1995 Quebec Referendum compared to the 1980 Quebec Referendum.

Question 77

The federal government has officially recognized the Quebecois as a nation within Canada.

Question 78

Since the failure of the Charlottetown Accord, the federal government has entirely ignored the grievances underlying Premier Bourassa's list of five demands.

Question 79

The Laurentian thesis helps to explain alienation in Western and Atlantic Canada.

Question 80

As one of the three general strains of mainstream Canadian regionalism, how is sectionalism demonstrated in Canada?