Question 1

Which model suggests that challenges to sensitive domains of the self along with a lack of security in attachments interact, thereby increasing an individual's tendency to develop obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD?

A) the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with motivational interviewing (MI)
B) the diathesis-stress model
C) the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with hypnotically-induced dissociation (HID)
D) none of the above

B

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that psychological disorders develop due to a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors, which aligns with the idea of challenges to sensitive domains and attachment issues contributing to OCD.

Question 2

In what areas of the brain have neuroimaging results for OCD demonstrated malfunctioning?&#10;A) the orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior cingulated cortex&#10;B) only the orbitofrontal cortex&#10;C) only the anterior cingulated cortex&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Neuroimaging studies have shown that individuals with OCD often have abnormalities in both the orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, areas involved in decision making, error detection, and emotional regulation.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?&#10;A) Individuals with OCD suffer from neurobiological dysregulation (Hyman & Pedrick, 2005).&#10;B) One treatment that comprises Basile et al.'s (2018) integrated model for the treatment of OCD is schema therapy (ST).&#10;C) The finding that the antidepressants, clomipramine and fluoxetine (Anafranil and Prozac), drugs that elevate serotonin activity, decrease the symptoms of OCD, have led researchers to assert that low serotonin is implicated in the onset of OCD (Bokor & Anderson, 2014; Comer, 2015; Stein & Fineberg, 2007).&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

All statements are true. A) highlights the neurobiological aspect of OCD, B) mentions a specific treatment model that includes schema therapy, and C) discusses the role of serotonin in OCD, supported by research on the effectiveness of certain antidepressants.

Question 4

Which neurotransmitters have contributed to the onset of OCD?&#10;A) dopamine&#10;B) GABA&#10;C) glutamate&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine, GABA, and glutamate play a role in the development of OCD, indicating that all of the mentioned neurotransmitters are involved.

Question 5

Which orientation views obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to the ambivalence that emerges from the imbalance between a severe superego linked to hypercritical parents and aggressive drives that derive from anger that is repressed?

A) a cognitive orientation
B) a behavioral orientation
C) A psychoanalytic orientation
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic orientation views obsessive-compulsive disorder as related to the conflict between a harsh superego, often developed from critical parenting, and repressed aggressive impulses. This perspective emphasizes internal psychological conflicts and unconscious processes.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?&#10;A) Whereas Mahoney & Wilke (2012) recognize the need for neuroscience and cognitive- behavioral approaches in understanding the etiology and treating the symptoms of OCD, they recommend the integrated application of self psychology, developmental, and relational treatment models to enhance the understanding of the etiology of OCD to include a view beyond symptoms, thereby promoting the opportunity for a more durable treatment outcome.&#10;B) OCD schemas aim to increase ambivalence (Woon et al., 2017).&#10;C) Proponents of humanistic theories propose that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder have encountered several accidental connections whereby their compulsions have emerged as a way to increase anxiety (Comer, 2015; Frost, Steketee, & Williams, 2001; Grayson, 2014).&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Mahoney & Wilke (2012) suggest integrating self psychology, developmental, and relational treatment models with neuroscience and cognitive-behavioral approaches for a comprehensive understanding and treatment of OCD.

Question 7

According to Meyerson & Konichezky (2011), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective evidence-based treatment approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). What percent of clients respond to treatment?

A) 95%
B) 20%
C) 40% - 70%
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Meyerson & Konichezky (2011) indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for a significant portion of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with response rates ranging from 40% to 70%. This demonstrates the variability in treatment response among individuals but confirms CBT as a viable treatment option for many.

Question 8

Tolin and Maltby (2008) used motivational interviewing (MI) with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who refused exposure and response prevention (ERP) interventions. Why did they employ MI?

A) in order to engage the patients with OCD in treatment.
B) in order to help therapists learn how to disagree with patients with OCD
C) in order to help patients with OCD terminate the treatment
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing (MI) was employed to engage patients with OCD in treatment, especially those who were initially resistant to exposure and response prevention (ERP) interventions. MI is designed to enhance motivation and readiness for change, making it a suitable approach for engaging patients who are hesitant about treatment.

Question 9

Zahi and Meyerson (2010) used an integrated approach, a hypnotic intervention along with a positive psychology approach, in the treatment of OCD. Rather than removing the thoughts of patients with OCD, Zahi & Myerson (2010) suggested that therapists ______________ the thoughts.

A) disagree with
B) measure
C) join
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Zahi and Meyerson (2010) suggested that therapists join the thoughts of patients with OCD as part of their integrated approach, rather than trying to remove or disagree with those thoughts. This approach emphasizes acceptance and working with the thoughts in a constructive manner.

Question 10

According to Bamelis et al. (2014), Legra et al. (2017), and Young et al. (2005), what type of therapy is an integrative or unified flexible approach that integrates gestalt, object relations, cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic therapy into one systematic framework and has been shown to be more effective than standard interventions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A) transactional
B) schema
C) EMDR
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Schema therapy is an integrative approach that combines elements from gestalt, object relations, cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic therapies into a unified framework. It has been shown to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, offering a more flexible and comprehensive treatment option than standard interventions.

Question 11

Basile et al.'s (2018) model is an integrated one which combines ?????????????______________ and _________________ in the treatment of OCD.&#10;A) transactional therapy and positive therapy&#10;B) ACT and EMDR&#10;C) self psychology and the UP protocol&#10;D) cognitive therapy (CT) and schema therapy (ST)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Basile et al.'s (2018) model is an...

Deck 9: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD