Deck 8: Cooperation under Anarchy

Question 1

Which of the following situations would NOT occur in an intergovernmental organization?

A) A group of world leaders meet to discuss global financial issues.
B) After signing on as a member, a state is forced to remain with an organization.
C) Representatives from different environment ministries around the world agree to reduce carbon emissions.
D) The Red Cross is consulted by a coalition of regional leaders for advice on caring for refugees.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What does the experience of the USSR with the UN Security Council demonstrate?

A) Veto powers are useless
B) It is possible to revise procedures in order to get around a non-cooperating member of an organization
C) It is fair to disregard the views of nations with different political regimes
D) International organizations for collective security can foster cooperation between hostile nations.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a breach in UNCLOS III,or the law of the sea?

A) Officials from one state capture another state's ship on the high seas under suspicion of pirating.
B) State officials arrest the crew of a foreign ship for dumping garbage into the country's contiguous zone (12-24 nautical miles from shore)
C) An ethnic group seeking self-governing status flies their own flag on a ship travelling through high seas
D) A foreign naval vessel refuses to cooperate with state officials while in that country's exclusive economic zone.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

There was little collective security action taken by the UN after WWII.What was the fundamental or most significant cause of this phenomenon?

A) The instability caused by the Cold War
B) The UN's aversion to military action
C) The veto power of the countries on the security council
D) The break-up of the USSR

Question 5

Which of the following is governed by both treaty law and international customary law?

A) right to resources located within 200 nautical miles of the coast
B) immunity of naval ships
C) passage through international straits
D) trade routes

Question 6

If a national leader wishes to sign on to an international initiative,what is the best first step to take?

A) ensure that the agreement is not legally binding
B) inform the public only once the agreement has been signed
C) convince the executive that such an action is necessary
D) convince the citizens of the state that such an action is desirable

Question 7

Which of the following is the most important instrument for suppressing war and violent conflict?

A) the UN Security Council
B) the Uniting for Peace mechanism
C) peacekeeping
D) peacebuilding

Question 8

Which of the follow statements best describes a treaty?

A) A written legal document that commits states to certain obligation.
B) A written legal document that is enforceable by international government.
C) A written agreement between states that has no legal status.
D) A legally binding written agreement between non-governmental organizations.

Question 9

Which of the following topics causes the most controversy in the law of the sea?

A) protecting vessels in international waters from pirates
B) access to deepwater resources
C) use of marine vessels in black market trading
D) rights of national naval vessels

Question 10

What is the most important defining characteristic of international regimes?

A) They require cooperation between states
B) They require formal legal status
C) They require recognition by the UN
D) They require economic resources

Question 11

A group of states decides to work together to end human trafficking.Which of the following is NOT a crucial step towards making meaningful progress?

A) Recognizing which countries will have greater costs associated with any actions taken.
B) Creating a shared, working definition of "human trafficking."
C) Coming up with a list of possible solutions
D) Wealthier states convincing poorer states to give up on self-interest for the benefit of the cause.

Question 12

Why is it in the best interest of states to cooperate with each other?

A) People wish to move freely from one country to another.
B) More and more countries have liberal democratic governments.
C) Many issues such as climate change and financial problems stretch across borders.
D) New social media technologies allow stories of citizen abuse to circulate globally.

Question 13

Which term refers to the body of rules states observe among themselves?

A) anarchy
B) sovereignty
C) interdependence
D) international law

Question 14

What is the most significant challenge to international cooperation?

A) the norm of sovereignty
B) the self-interest of states
C) the anarchic nature of the international system
D) the difficulty of achieving consensus

Question 15

Within the international system,which of the following devices does NOT play a notable role in the management of relations among states?

A) international law
B) diplomacy
C) international defence
D) international organizations

Question 16

Which term refers to a complex pattern of international rules,actors,functions,agreements and state cooperation within a specific issue-area?

A) an international regime
B) collective defence
C) collective security
D) peacekeeping

Question 17

Which term refers to international order arising from mutual coordination rather than centralized government?

A) politics
B) anarchy
C) sovereignty
D) diplomacy

Question 18

Which term refers to the system of formal regularized communication among states that allows them to conduct their business with each other?

A) intergovernmental relations
B) intergovernmental dialogue
C) diplomacy
D) collective security

Question 19

A 1960 United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea failed.Why might that have been?

A) There was no previous law of the sea to work with.
B) Economic benefits were not high enough.
C) Technology was not advanced enough to map the sea floor.
D) Many states had a vested interest in the seas and oceans.

Question 20

Which of the following problems produces the greatest potential for international cooperation?

A) Scientists warn that an airborne virus will evolve into a deadly supervirus in the next 5 years.
B) Astronomers detect an asteroid that is on track to hit Earth in 100 years.
C) The people living under an oppressive regime in a small desert country ask the international community for intervention.
D) A Nobel prize-winning economist finds a solution for a continuing global economic crisis. It requires the cooperation of over 100 countries to work.

Question 21

The United Nations is a body of states that is designed to promote international peace and security,among other things.

Question 22

Fundamentally,why has the Kyoto Protocol not produced greater results?

A) The international community is anarchic in nature
B) The science behind it was wrong
C) There is not enough interest in lowering carbon emissions
D) The Economic Crisis diverted funds from the project

Question 23

What does the term "the tragedy of the commons" mean?

A) It is difficult to rally nations around a common cause.
B) It is dangerous to assume that nations share common interests.
C) The wishes of the common people are rarely heard during international negotiations.
D) Individual states are unwilling to incur costs to protect resources held in common with other states.

Question 24

International regimes must be formalized in law.

Question 25

Which of the following is a collective security organization?

A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B) United Nations
C) Concert of Europe
D) International Atomic Energy Agency

Question 26

A group of national leaders look to the development of the Law of Sea for pointers on developing a new international law.Which of the following conclusions would they be most likely to draw?

A) Old customary laws are difficult to change.
B) Expanding national jurisdictions is a reliable solution.
C) Territory containing resources complicates the cooperative process.
D) If the issue is important enough, countries will come to a speedy agreement

Question 27

Before the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea,there was confusion and disagreement over basic rules of sea use.

Question 28

The Unites Nations functions like a parliamentary government,except states are the representatives,not individuals.

Question 29

The international system is an anarchy.

Question 30

Which of the following examples best demonstrates the problems caused by competing interests during international initiatives to maintain peace and order?

A) the handling of the Suez Crisis
B) the 1960-64 peacekeeping operation in the former Belgian Congo
C) the Gulf War of 1991
D) the 1967 Middle East peacekeeping operation

Question 31

Diplomacy refers to a systematic and formal set of relations between international actors.

Question 32

International cooperation is difficult because states primarily look out for their own interests.

Question 33

Which term refers to the interposition of symbolic,lightly armed forces between combatants who agreed to stop fighting?

A) collective defence
B) diplomacy
C) peacekeeping
D) peacemaking

Question 34

Which of the following best defines international law?

A) self-help
B) the body of rules states observe among themselves
C) Anarchy
D) a system of formal regularized communication among states

Question 35

What was the logic behind the creation of the League of Nations?

A) A balance of powers would prevent the outbreak of war
B) States would cooperate to maintain peace
C) It would bring together nations with different political regimes
D) It would stabilize national economies after WWI

Question 36

What was the main difference between the UNEP conferences in Rio and Kyoto?

A) Rio produced a non-binding agreement while Kyoto required specific actions to be taken.
B) Rio was influenced by the UN Framework on Climate Change and Kyoto was driven by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
C) Rio focussed on developing nations, while Kyoto focussed on developed states.
D) Rio had 156 participating nations, while Kyoto had 37.

Question 37

The "United for Peace" mechanism was developed to connect peace workers in different countries.

Question 38

Why is the international system said to be anarchic?

A) It lacks a central government.
B) It lacks a legal structure.
C) It fails to provide lasting peace.
D) It has no order at all.

Question 39

States can gain veto status in organizations that require their presence to function effectively.

Question 40

The main issue in the development of the Law of the Sea was the rights to fisheries.

Question 41

The law of the sea was essentially international __________ before it was written down in the form of a _________.

Question 42

States must deal not only with other states,but with non-state actors such as ___________ and __________.

Question 43

Even though the original UN peacekeeping mission - handling the Suez Crisis - was hailed as a success,later operations did not end as smoothly.Why is this?

Question 44

Even though a state may sign on to an international agreement,there are factors which might prevent the implementation of the agreement.What are these factors,and why are they important?

Question 45

Is international law meaningful if there is no global governing body to enforce it? Why,or why not?

Question 46

Cooperation on important issues can be complicated by states that seek to avoid immediate __________,especially in exchange for uncertain ____________.

Question 47

Is the veto power of the 5 major powers on the Security Council a good thing or a bad thing? Explain.

Question 48

Climate change is an important issue that stretches beyond national borders.Even though many states agree that something has to be done,the Kyoto Procedure has not produced very significant results.Explain why this is the case.

Question 49

Identify and explain the most significant challenge to international cooperation.

Question 50

The failure of the Kyoto Protocol to produce significant results has to do,in large part,with the domestic politics of the states that have signed on,not the UN.

Question 51

While states may now be more willing to cooperate given growing international ___________,when that __________ reaches more deeply into _________,cooperation becomes more and more difficult.

Question 52

The logical principle behind the League of Nations was that all states had an interest in maintaining international peace.While the League of Nations was dismantled after WWII,do you think that this principle has any merit today? Why,or why not?

Question 53

International cooperation requires ___________ between states that are looking out for their own __________.

Question 54

The "tragedy of commons" applies to resources such as the sea and the atmosphere.

Question 55

Part of the solution to the Suez Crisis involved keeping the Major Powers out of the conflict.

Question 56

The ___________ occurs where there is an unregulated,openly accessed,and commonly held _________ that is not owned by anyone.States have an interest in seeing a mutually beneficial international __________ fulfilled,but hope it can be achieved without their help.

Question 57

The five Great Powers at the end of WWII were granted a position in the Security Council that included _____ power.This privileged position was the price of an effective _________ mechanism.

Question 58

Define and explain the "tragedy of the commons." Give an example of this phenomenon and explain why it is significant for initiatives requiring international cooperation.

Question 59

Define and explain the significance of collective security,peacekeeping,and humanitarian intervention.In what ways do they reinforce or contradict each other?