Deck 9: Community Corrections: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

Question 1

Which of the following principles was the basis for Maconochie's approach to prison administration?

A) Cruel and vindictive punishment is good for the criminal and the larger society.
B) The purpose of punishment should be reformation of the convict.
C) Criminal sentences should be viewed in terms of time served.
D) Definite prison terms allow convicts to know the length of their sentence and are the only just way to tailor a punishment.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is one of the stages of the Irish system?

A) shocking offenders with prison life
B) convicts engaging in labor for free
C) remaining in prison for the entire sentence
D) inmates earning tickets of leave

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When was the first parole system instituted in the United States?

A) late 1700s
B) early 1800s
C) late 1800s
D) early 1900s

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When was the United States Board of Parole created?

A) early 1800s
B) late 1800s
C) early 1900s
D) late 1900s

Question 5

According to the most recent statistics, the vast majority of parolees in the United States are ______.

A) women
B) men
C) White
D) Black

Question 6

What was the result of the case of Willie Horton, an infamous criminal who committed an armed robbery and rape while on weekend furlough for murder?

A) Indeterminate sentencing became the norm.
B) The practice of unconditional release ended.
C) Many states abolished discretionary parole.
D) Mandatory parole was outlawed nationwide.

Question 7

Which statement accurately compares recent trends in discretionary and mandatory parole releases?

A) The number of discretionary parole releases has increased, while the number of mandatory parole releases has decreased.
B) The number of discretionary parole releases has decreased, while the number of mandatory parole releases has increased.
C) The numbers of both discretionary and mandatory parole releases have decreased.
D) The numbers of both discretionary and mandatory parole releases have increased.

Question 8

Which statement about how the parolee types compare to each other is accurate?

A) All types of parolees had the same number of prior arrests.
B) Mandatory parolees recidivated the fastest.
C) Discretionary parolees took the longest to recidivate.
D) Unconditionally released parolees spent the least time in prison.

Question 9

You are a parole officer who has many different cases. Of these, you would expect the offender convicted of ______ to be most likely to recidivate?

A) aggravated assault
B) sexual assault
C) larceny
D) drug possession

Question 10

When deciding whether to grant parole, a parole board considers the ______.

A) offender's age
B) population of the prison
C) offender's repentance
D) cost of continued incarceration

Question 11

You are a member of the parole board. You would most likely grant parole to an inmate who ______.

A) has a lengthy and violent criminal history
B) has had multiple disciplinary issues in prison
C) seems remorseful and has a job lined up upon release
D) has a history of psychological and psychiatric problems

Question 12

Among the entire population of prisoners released, ______ will leave with no parole supervision.

A) just under half
B) nearly a quarter
C) slightly more than half
D) the vast majority

Question 13

Which statement is generally true?

A) Probationers have a higher rate of successful completion than parolees.
B) Parolees have a higher rate of successful completion than probationers.
C) Probationers and parolees both have equally high rates of successful completion.
D) Probationers and parolees both have equally low rates of successful completion.

Question 14

In general, the ______ the offender, the greater the chance of his or her success while on parole.

A) younger
B) less educated
C) longer imprisoned
D) older

Question 15

Research suggests that which offender is most likely to successfully reenter society?

A) unconditional parolee
B) mandatory parolee
C) discretionary parolee
D) probationer

Question 16

A longitudinal study of over 1,100 British families found that the ______ in the household strongly predicted children's antisocial behavior.

A) absence of a criminal mother
B) presence of a criminal mother
C) absence of a criminal father
D) presence of a criminal father

Question 17

Among prisoners, ______ inmates are most likely to have dropped out of high school.

A) White
B) Hispanic
C) Black
D) Asian

Question 18

What is another term for a halfway house?

A) intensive supervision probation
B) correctional boot camp
C) house arrest
D) community residential center

Question 19

The federal prison system releases ______ of its inmates to halfway houses.

A) a small minority
B) just under half
C) slightly over half
D) a large majority

Question 20

______ requires offenders to remain in their homes at all times except for approved periods, such as travel to work or school.

A) Electronic monitoring
B) Global positioning
C) Parole
D) House arrest

Question 21

The majority of correctional clients currently under house arrest also have a(n) ______.

A) restraining order
B) condition to not drink
C) job
D) electronic monitoring device

Question 22

You are a parole officer meeting with an offender under house arrest. The offender wears a device around her ankle that works using radio waves. This is an example of ______.

A) a halfway house
B) global positioning
C) electronic monitoring
D) work release

Question 23

What contributes to the high success rates of offenders on electronic monitoring in Europe?

A) They place lower-risk offenders on electronic monitoring.
B) They place higher-risk offenders on electronic monitoring.
C) Most of the offenders were females.
D) Most of the offenders were older.

Question 24

Correctional work is based on the assumption that ______.

A) people can change
B) people cannot change
C) criminals are resistant to change
D) criminals will recidivate

Question 25

Which is a component of effective reentry programs?

A) They last at least 6 weeks.
B) They take place in prison.
C) They use cognitive-behavioral treatment techniques.
D) They focus on low-risk individuals.

Question 26

In the Morrissey v. Brewer case, the Court decided that ______.

A) probationers have a right to counsel at a probation revocation hearing
B) parole revocation does not call for all the rights due to a defendant who is not yet convicted but that there were certain protections under the Fourteenth Amendment
C) evidence seized by probation and parole officers without a warrant can be used in revocation hearings, but not as trial evidence in a new case
D) probationers and parolees forfeit their constitutional rights while they are under supervision

Question 27

In which case did the Court decide that probationers have a right to counsel at a deferred sentencing (probation revocation) hearing?

A) Mempa v. Rhay
B) Morrissey v. Brewer
C) Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott
D) United States v. Knights

Question 28

A ______ describes the concept that government-imposed changes in someone's legal status can interfere with the person's constitutionally guaranteed rights to be free of such interference.

A) liberty interest
B) protection order
C) due process right
D) legal interference

Question 29

The original mark system had recidivism rates below three percent.

Question 30

The largest percentage of parolees, by ethnicity, are Hispanic.

Question 31

Discretionary parole is granted by a parole board.

Question 32

The success rates of parolees are significantly higher than the success rates of probationers.

Question 33

A Bureau of Justice Statistics report showed that about half of imprisoned parents were never married.

Question 34

Halfway houses are more likely to be run by faith-based organizations than formal correctional personnel.

Question 35

Marion's (2002) study found many residents of halfway houses used drugs while there.

Question 36

European nations are using electronic monitoring to help with prison overcrowding.

Question 37

Explain the philosophy behind parole.

Question 38

Imagine you are a prisoner under the Irish system. Describe the expected process as you progress through the system.

Question 39

Compare and contrast mandatory and discretionary parole.

Question 40

Why is it hard to define "success" in parole?

Question 41

Analyze the value of a halfway house.

Question 42

Discuss and explain the drawbacks of community-based correctional programs according to Nancy Marion.

Question 43

Why do some people claim that house arrest is "soft on crime"?

Question 44

You are a member of a parole board. An inmate is chosen for house arrest, but there are concerns about community safety. What additional measure could be used to ensure constant supervision of the parolee?

Question 45

According to Joan Petersilia's "what works" research, what are some of the attributes of successful reentry programs?

Question 46

Compare and contrast probation and parole. Give an example of a probationer and a parolee.

Question 47

Evaluate the importance of Alexander Maconochie in the history of parole.

Question 48

Parole boards consider many different factors when determining which inmates receive parole. Choose three of them and explain what an inmate may do to make parole more likely.

Question 49

Identify and explain the three programmatic phases believed necessary for successful reentry.

Question 50

Why is reentry difficult?