Deck 8: Chinese Religions: Confucianism and Daoism

Question 1

What is the definition of the following term:
-dan:

Answer 1

(dahn) Literally a pill, but understood as the essence of immortality.

Question 2

What is the definition of the following term:
-dantian:

Answer 2

(dahn'tee-an) "Fields for the refinement of the immortal pill"; major nodal points in the human body where the "pill" of immortality can be refined through alchemical means.

Question 3

What is the definition of the following term:
-Dao:

Answer 3

(dow) A fundamental concept in Chinese religion, literally meaning the "path" or the "way." In Confucianism, it specifically refers to the entire ideal human order ordained by the numinous Absolute, Tian. In Daoism, it is the primary source of the cosmos, the very ground of all beings.

Question 4

What is the definition of the following term:
-Daodejing:

Question 5

What is the definition of the following term:
-Daozang:

Question 6

What is the definition of the following term:
-de:

Question 7

What is the definition of the following term:
-fangshi:

Question 8

What is the definition of the following term:
-Five Classics:

Question 9

What is the definition of the following term:
-Four Books:

Question 10

What is the definition of the following term:
-gui:

Question 11

What is the definition of the following term:
-jiao:

Question 12

What is the definition of the following term:
-junzi:

Question 13

What is the definition of the following term:
-li:

Question 14

What is the definition of the following term:
-ming:

Question 15

What is the definition of the following term:
-neidan:

Question 16

What is the definition of the following term:
-neisheng waiwang:

Question 17

What is the definition of the following term:
-qi:

Question 18

What is the definition of the following term:
-ru:

Question 19

What is the definition of the following term:
-Shangdi:

Question 20

What is the definition of the following term:
-shen:

Question 21

What is the definition of the following term:
-shengren:

Question 22

What is the definition of the following term:
-shi:

Question 23

What is the definition of the following term:
-Tian:

Question 24

What is the definition of the following term:
-Tianming:

Question 25

What is the definition of the following term:
-Tianshi:

Question 26

What is the definition of the following term:
-waidan:

Question 27

What is the definition of the following term:
-wuwei:

Question 28

What is the definition of the following term:
-wuxing:

Question 29

What is the definition of the following term:
-xian:

Question 30

What is the definition of the following term:
-xiao:

Question 31

What is the definition of the following term:
-xinzhai:

Question 32

What is the definition of the following term:
-yang:

Question 33

What is the definition of the following term:
-yangsheng:

Question 34

What is the definition of the following term:
-yin:

Question 35

What is the definition of the following term:
-zhai:

Question 36

What is the definition of the following term:
-ziran:

Question 37

What is the definition of the following term:
-zuowang:

Question 38

In ancient Chinese religion, yin represents

A) female.
B) male.
C) warmth.
D) dryness.

Question 39

In ancient Chinese religion, yang represents

A) female.
B) male.
C) coldness.
D) wetness.

Question 40

All of the following are part of the wuxing, the five elemental phases in ancient Chinese religious beliefs, except

A) air.
B) metal.
C) fire.
D) water.

Question 41

In Daoist writings, the Dao (the Way) is portrayed in all the following images, except

A) son.
B) female.
C) infant.
D) water.

Question 42

Which of the following Confucian texts breathtakingly asserts the coequality of humans with heaven and earth?

A) Analects
B) Mencius
C) Great Learning
D) Doctrine of the Mean

Question 43

"Fasting the mind/heart" (xinzhai) is a core precept of the teaching of

A) Zhuangzi.
B) Laozi.
C) Confucius.
D) Mencius.

Question 44

The Daoist practice of waidan refers to _______ alchemy.

A) internal
B) external
C) superior
D) inferior

Question 45

The Daoist attainment of immortality is best expressed by the image of

A) Junzi.
B) Xian.
C) Shengren.
D) Tianzi.

Question 46

Daoist yangsheng (nourishing life) practices include all of the following except for

A) book learning.
B) dietary regimens.
C) therapeutic gymnastics.
D) controlled breathing.

Question 47

All of the following are dantian (locations for refining the pill of immortality) except

A) head.
B) chest.
C) abdomen.
D) feet.

Question 48

All of the following are part of the Four Books except

A) Analects.
B) Great Learning.
C) Doctrine of the Mean.
D) Book of Changes.

Question 49

For Confucius, Tianming meant he

A) was to become ruler of China.
B) had been given an imperative to improve his moral standing.
C) had been designated as a messenger of a deity.
D) had been given command of an army.

Question 50

Junzi is the personality ideal of

A) ancient Chinese religion.
B) Confucianism.
C) Daoism.
D) Buddhism.

Question 51

All of the following are part of the Five Classics except for the

A) Book of Odes.
B) Book of Rituals.
C) Book of Changes.
D) Book of Music.

Question 52

All of the following are Daoist deities except

A) Diamond Queen.
B) Jade Emperor.
C) earth god.
D) Taishang Laojun.

Question 53

All of the following are components in the human body whose refinement may help to attain immortality except for

A) jing.
B) qi.
C) shen.
D) gui.

Question 54

Daoists use all the following terms as the Confucians do (though giving them different meanings), except

A) Zhenren.
B) shengren.
C) Dao.
D) de.

Question 55

The Daoist practice of neidan refers to _______ alchemy.

A) internal
B) external
C) superior
D) inferior

Question 56

Shangdi was the principal deity of the

A) Warring States period.
B) Zhou Dynasty.
C) Han Dynasty.
D) Shang Dynasty.

Question 57

As a replacement for shangdi, Tian first appeared in the

A) Warring States period.
B) Zhou Dynasty.
C) Han Dynasty.
D) Shang Dynasty.

Question 58

Tianzi was the traditional title of the Chinese ruler, literally meaning

A) Son of Heaven.
B) Lord of the Human Realm.
C) Deputy of the Supreme God.
D) August King.

Question 59

The Confucian scholar who considered human nature to be evil was

A) Mencius.
B) Xunzi.
C) Zhu Xi.
D) Confucius.

Question 60

The Confucian scholar who considered human nature to be good was

A) Confucius.
B) Mencius.
C) Xunzi.
D) Zhu Xi.

Question 61

Confucianism was first designated as a state orthodoxy in the _______ Dynasty.

A) Shang
B) Zhou
C) Han
D) Song

Question 62

Ru in Chinese refers to the

A) Daoists.
B) Confucians.
C) Buddhists.
D) legalists.

Question 63

At what age did Confucius become aware of the Decree of Tian (Tianming)?

A) Fifteen
B) Thirty
C) Forty
D) Fifty

Question 64

Daoism as an organized religious movement began with

A) Laozi.
B) Zhuangzi.
C) Zhang Daoling.
D) Ge Hong.

Question 65

The Chinese master who once compared the choice between preserving one's life versus upholding righteousness to the choice between eating fish versus eating bear's paws was

A) Confucius.
B) Mencius.
C) Laozi.
D) Zhuangzi.

Question 66

The best-known Neo-Confucian scholar in Chinese history was

A) Confucius.
B) Mencius.
C) Xunzi.
D) Zhu Xi.

Question 67

Taishang Laojun is the deified title of

A) Confucius.
B) Mencius.
C) Laozi.
D) Zhuangzi.

Question 68

The Complete Perfection (Quanzhen) Sect of Daoism subscribes to all of the following texts except

A) Laozi.
B) Analects.
C) Heart Sutra.
D) Book of Filial Piety.

Question 69

All of the following were names of the organized Daoist movement founded by Zhang Daoling except

A) Celestial Masters.
B) Orthodox Unity.
C) Five Bushels of Rice.
D) Great Peace.

Question 70

In traditional China, the "three religions" referred to

A) Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
B) Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.
C) Buddhism, Daoism, and Christianity.
D) Confucianism, Daoism, and Islam.

Question 71

Which of the following canonical collection was published in 1445, totaling over 5,300 volumes?

A) Confucian Five Classics.
B) Confucian Four Books.
C) Buddhist Tripitaka.
D) Daoist Daozang.

Question 72

The Scripture of the Way and Its Potent Manifestation was supposed to have been written by

A) Confucius.
B) Mencius.
C) Laozi.
D) Zhuangzi.

Question 73

On the day of qingming, Chinese do which one of the following?

A) Conduct dragon-boat races
B) Fly kites
C) Visit the graves of ancestors
D) Watch operas

Question 74

Global interest in Chinese religions is evidenced in the popularity of all of the following except

A) Qigong.
B) Fengshui.
C) Tai Chi.
D) Chinese landscape painting.

Question 75

The Daoist ritual of public penance and purification is called

A) neidan.
B) waidan.
C) zhai.
D) jiao.

Question 76

The Daoist ritual of communal offering and cosmic renewal is called

A) neidan.
B) waidan.
C) zhai.
D) jiao.

Question 77

All of the following are considered basic human relations in Confucianism except for

A) parent and child.
B) ruler and subject.
C) doctor and patient.
D) husband and wife.

Question 78

In ancient Chinese religion, yin and yang were considered to be mutually exclusive and incompatible.

Question 79

The classic Book of Changes is important for both Confucianism and Daoism.

Question 80

Compared with Shangdi, Tian is an impartial and morally oriented deity.