Deck 5: Understanding the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: The Department of Defense

Question 1

The foundation of the US policy of containment during the Cold War revolved around a/an ______ orientation.

A) threat
B) diplomacy
C) engagement
D) cooperative

Answer 1

A

Question 2

American policymakers have used the armed forces as a/an ______ instrument to influence the actions of other countries.

A) social
B) political
C) educational
D) economic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

With the passage of the National Security Act of 1947, American leaders became concerned with ______ among the different armed services supporting the war effort during World War II.

A) fragmentation
B) coordination
C) centralization
D) cooperation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The lack of coordination and infighting were evident where the jurisdiction was divided between the ______.

A) Air Force and Marines
B) Marines and Army
C) Army and Navy
D) Navy and Marines

Question 5

The National Security Act of 1947 resulted in a loose confederation of military departments that resulted in the ______.

A) Department of Homeland Security
B) Department of Justice
C) State Department
D) Department of Defense

Question 6

The development of a large, permanent, and more professional military was a result of Americans fear of ______.

A) fascism
B) communism
C) Marxism
D) socialism

Question 7

Which of the following was not keen on having a large, permanent military during the late 1940s?

A) the public
B) the executive branch
C) the legislative branch
D) the judicial branch

Question 8

The Department of Defense became the largest bureaucracy in the US government and American society during the ______ environment.

A) Vietnam War
B) Cold War
C) Korean War
D) World War II

Question 9

The authors describe the military as a ______ within American society.

A) culture
B) subculture
C) society
D) institution

Question 10

Most military bases are considered to be large ______ complexes.

A) rural
B) urban
C) metropolitan
D) suburban

Question 11

Which of the following branches of military is housed under the Department of Homeland Security?

A) Marines
B) Navy
C) Air Force
D) Coast Guard

Question 12

Which of the following was identified as supporting more military than civilian missions today?

A) Department of Homeland Security
B) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
C) Department of Veterans Affairs
D) Department of Energy

Question 13

During the Cold War, the ______ was primarily responsible for land warfare.

A) Navy
B) Marines
C) National Guard
D) Army

Question 14

The ______ was considered an assault force during the Cold War.

A) Navy
B) Marines
C) National Guard
D) Army

Question 15

Which of the following positions was appointed by the president for up to four years?

A) the chair
B) chief of staff of the Army
C) chief of naval operations
D) chief of staff of the Air Force

Question 16

The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) had no real power to represent or force support from other members until the passage of the ______.

A) National Security Act
B) USA Patriot Act
C) Servicemembers Civil Relief Act
D) Goldwater-Nichols Act

Question 17

Which of the following is considered to be an autonomous part of the Navy?

A) Marines
B) Coast Guard
C) Air Force
D) Army

Question 18

Which of the following issues was addressed with the passage of the Goldwater-Nichols Act?

A) It redefined the role of the chiefs of staff.
B) It decentralized the role of the chairman.
C) It established a system of unified commands.
D) It emphasized the importance of the corporate system of advisory consensus.

Question 19

Which of the following systems/processes involves the military's basic infrastructure?

A) administration
B) advice
C) operations
D) tactics

Question 20

Which of the following is considered to be the "meat of the military"?

A) management
B) administration
C) operations
D) advice

Question 21

Personnel decisions regarding training, tours, and promotion are a component of the ______ process.

A) operations
B) tactics
C) administration
D) advice

Question 22

The ______ determines when and where to use armed force abroad.

A) secretary of defense
B) joint chiefs of staff
C) president
D) vice president

Question 23

According to Richard Betts (1977), the ______ is the most cautious in recommending force.

A) Army
B) Air Force
C) Marines
D) Navy

Question 24

The ______, according to Richard Betts (1977), is considered to be the most optimistic about force.

A) Marines
B) Navy
C) Army
D) Air Force

Question 25

The secretary of defense has the greatest impact at the ______.

A) operational level
B) strategic level
C) tactical level
D) administrative level

Question 26

Most members of the military share which of the following characteristics?

A) an emerging commitment to autonomy
B) the belief in the connectedness between politics and military combat
C) a warrior style
D) a preoccupation with careerism

Question 27

Which of the following traditions was fostered in the military?

A) manager
B) warrior
C) adversary
D) ally

Question 28

Which of the following fields became dominant among individuals who pursued postgraduate degrees?

A) international conflict
B) public administration
C) military history
D) military strategy

Question 29

Which of the following was identified as being crucial to high career advancement in the military?

A) a clean criminal record
B) a combat record
C) a degree from a war college
D) a recommendation from a senior leader

Question 30

The military emphasis on "jointness" is more evident at the ______ level.

A) strategic
B) operational
C) administrative
D) tactic

Question 31

The great military strategies and wars that have influenced the US military historically have been emulated from the ______ military.

A) French
B) Spanish
C) German
D) British

Question 32

Which of the following was identified as a "limited" war?

A) World War II
B) World War I
C) Vietnam War
D) Korean War

Question 33

After World War II, the US military became prepared to fight which of the following types of wars?

A) guerilla war
B) civil war
C) counter terrorism
D) nuclear war

Question 34

The Army adopted the air-land battle doctrine during the ______.

A) Korean War
B) Vietnam War
C) Persian Gulf War
D) Kosovo War

Question 35

The air-land battle doctrine emphasized ______.

A) strategy
B) flexibility
C) communication
D) firepower

Question 36

According to the text, ______ became the most powerful and controversial secretary of defense since Robert McNamara.

A) Donald Rumsfeld
B) Robert Gates
C) Jim Mattis
D) Mark Esper

Question 37

Donald Rumsfeld's approach to his role as secretary of defense was considered to be ______.

A) docile
B) calculated
C) passive
D) aggressive

Question 38

The US intelligence community confidently concluded that ______ organized and directed cyberattacks and cyber warfare against the United States during the 2016 election.

A) Russia
B) North Korea
C) China
D) Iran

Question 39

According to the authors, ______ are at the core of cyberwarfare.

A) hackers
B) terrorist groups
C) presidents
D) military personnel

Question 40

The leading agency in the intelligence community responsible for much of the cyberwarfare capabilities in the United States is the ______.

A) Central Intelligence Agency
B) Federal Bureau of Investigation
C) National Security Agency
D) Defense Intelligence Agency

Question 41

The military has always played a major role in the making of US foreign policy.

Question 42

The political realty of the policymaking process within the Department of Defense is far removed from the ideal and among the most complex of any governmental bureaucracy.

Question 43

The Department of Defense does not have a single subculture.

Question 44

The US military has always been organized and trained for both conventional and unconventional warfare.

Question 45

The US government accounts for almost half of the world's military budget.

Question 46

What factors led to reinstitution of the draft and the development of a large, permanent, professional military?

Question 47

Illustrate the fragmentation with the Department of Defense and the independent autonomy of individual services (i.e., the Army, Navy, and Air Force).

Question 48

Why have the budgetary and personnel practices within each military service become very resistant to change?

Question 49

What are the five characteristics that are often seen in most members of the military, especially career officers?

Question 50

Provide an example of an unconventional war.