Deck 7: Diplomacy and Warfare in the Age of Absolutism

Question 1

During the later seventeenth century, the principal international concern in western Europe was the ambitions of ________ while the increasing power of ________ was the main concern in northern Europe.

A) Louis XIV; Peter the Great
B) Leopold I; Cardinal Richelieu
C) Charles II; Philip IV
D) Suleiman the Magnificent; William of Orange
E) Hugo Grotius; Samuel Pufendorf

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Dutch stopped the French advance when France invaded in 1672 ________.

A) with victory at the Battle of Amsterdam
B) with the extensive military acumen of William III
C) with the decision to open the dikes
D) with reliance on English and Spanish allies
E) by invading France themselves

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The members of the Triple Alliance were ________.

A) France, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire
B) England, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic
C) Denmark, Portugal, and Bohemia
D) The Holy Roman Empire, Switzerland, and the Spanish Netherlands
E) Italy, Austria, and Russia

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 1688, Louis XIV's invasion of Germany started the War of the League of Augsburg. Louis invaded Germany ________.

A) to enforce the outcomes of the "courts of reunion," including the annexation of Alsace and the Duchy of Luxembourg
B) to force Leopold I to recognize the French claim to the Spanish throne
C) to draw William III's attention away from England and the Glorious Revolution
D) to have his candidate installed as Archbishop of Cologne
E) to ensure that Germany was abiding by the terms of the Peace of Westphalia

Question 5

Philip V of Spain opened the way for peace and the end of the War of the Spanish Succession when he ________.

A) named Louis XIV his heir
B) renounced his claim to the French throne
C) proposed a system based on the balance of power in Europe
D) dissolved the Spanish Empire and granted independence to all Spanish colonial possessions
E) began negotiating the Peace of Utrecht

Question 6

Leopold I signed the Treaty of Karlowitz and made peace with the Ottomans in 1699 ________.

A) because he could not hope to break the siege of Vienna
B) to end the alliance of the Ottomans and the Hungarian rebels
C) because of the victory of King John Sobieski of Poland at Kahlenberg
D) because of the looming Spanish Succession
E) to end Ottoman raids in the Mediterranean

Question 7

Following his appointment as grand vizier in 1656, Mehmed Köprülü reformed the administration and fiscal system of the Ottoman Empire, allowing it to resume its expansion. Köprülü's major success was the subjection of ________.

A) Transylvania
B) Hungary
C) Vienna
D) Baghdad
E) the Balkans

Question 8

During the Great Northern War, Russian troops used the tactic of drawing the ________ into the Russian interior and destroying supplies, much like their descendants would do against Napoleon and the Nazis.

A) Ottomans
B) Ukrainian Cossacks
C) Swedes
D) Prussians
E) Danes

Question 9

The names of the three major peace treaties that helped usher in a new era of European diplomacy were ________.

A) the Treaty of Vienna, the Peace of Westphalia, and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
B) the Treaty of Poltava, the Treaty of Versailles, and the Treaty of Vasvar
C) the Treaty of Passarowitz, the Peace of Rheims, and the Treaty of the Pyrenees
D) the Peace of Augsburg, the Treaty of Nijmegen, and the Treaty of Ryswick
E) the Peace of Utrecht, the Treaty of Karlowitz, and the Treaty of Nystad

Question 10

Peter the Great and Russian troops attacked the Ottoman fortress of Azov in 1695 ________.

A) as part of a strategy to gain access to warm-water ports
B) to stop Ottoman incursions into southern Russia
C) to counter the growing power of Murad IV
D) to force the Habsburgs to pay attention to Russia
E) to draw Ottoman forces away from Vienna

Question 11

Relations among rulers of Christendom were conducted primarily on the basis of dynastic rights and feudal relations.

Question 12

The rulers of Europe were not concerned with Louis XIV's attempts to increase French power during the seventeenth century.

Question 13

Louis XIV was driven by his sense of gloire, which he regarded as a finite commodity that could only be increased by taking it from someone else.

Question 14

The strongest claimants to the Spanish crown were Louis XIV and Emperor Leopold I, both of whom had direct connections through their mothers and wives.

Question 15

François Mignet believed that the ultimate goal of Louis XIV's foreign policy was to secure the Spanish succession for the Bourbons.

Question 16

Following her marriage to Louis XIV, the Spanish princess Maria-Theresa renounced her claim to the Spanish throne, which rendered Louis XIV's claim null and void.

Question 17

The function of the "courts of reunion" was to justify French military seizure and annexation of German territory.

Question 18

Under the Treaty of Ryswick, Louis XIV surrendered almost all the gains he has made since the 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen.

Question 19

Following the death of Charles II of Spain in 1700, Philip of Anjou, Louis XIV's grandson, became Philip V of Spain.

Question 20

The Ottoman Empire was fundamentally European in its history, its political and social systems, and its religion.

Question 21

Following the death of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, the Ottoman state entered a period of strength and regeneration.

Question 22

King John Sobieski of Poland's victory over the Ottomans on the Kahlenberg heights ended the Ottoman threat to northern Europe.

Question 23

True to the assumptions of King Augustus II of Poland, Peter the Great of Russia, and Frederick IV of Denmark, the young Charles XIII of Sweden proved to be an easy target.

Question 24

Diplomacy and warfare in the age of absolutism was conducted for the interests of ruling dynasties rather than nations.

Question 25

According to Hugo Grotius, natural laws bound rulers to peace, but there were still circumstances that justified war.

Question 26

Louis XIV's actions during the Dutch War (1672-1678) furthered divisions between European rulers, leading to a lack of united opposition against his goal of dominating Europe.

Question 27

The Peace of Utrecht divided the Spanish Empire's territories in Europe, but it was not concerned with dividing Spain's territories in the Americas.

Question 28

Hungarian nobles were unhappy with the Treaty of Vasvar (1664), believing that their interests had been sacrificed to Leopold I's interests in the Habsburg dynasty in the west.

Question 29

Following Russia's defeat in the Great Northern War, the Treaty of Nystad (1721) confirmed Sweden's ascendancy in northern Europe.

Question 30

The three major stages of European diplomacy in the seventeenth century were Western Europe, northern Europe, and the southeast.

Question 31

What was the connection between dynastic and national identities in the age of absolutism?

Question 32

What new ideas governed the relations amongst European rulers?

Question 33

What role did peace play in the theories of Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf?

Question 34

How did his sense of gloire drive Louis XIV's international policies?

Question 35

What role did dynastic relations play in the War of Devolution?

Question 36

How did Louis XIV and Colbert justify the Dutch War?

Question 37

What were the "courts of reunion"?

Question 38

Why was the question of the Spanish Succession such an important issue in European politics?

Question 39

What possible solutions to the question of the Spanish Succession were proposed in the years leading up to Charles II's death in 1700?

Question 40

What role did William of Orange's invasion of England play in French foreign policy?

Question 41

Why did Louis XIV wonder if God was punishing him for his hubris during the War of the Spanish Succession?

Question 42

Why did European powers oppose Philip of Anjou becoming king of Spain?

Question 43

What were the terms of the Peace of Utrecht?

Question 44

Who were the Ottomans?

Question 45

How did the Ottomans challenge Habsburg power in eastern Europe?

Question 46

Why is the seventeenth century a period of Ottoman revival?

Question 47

The Treaty of Vasvar (1664) bought the Habsburgs peace in the east, but that peace came at a high price. What was the price of the Treaty of Vasvar?

Question 48

What was the outcome of the Great Northern War?

Question 49

How were Ottoman fortunes reversed following their defeat at Kahlenberg heights?

Question 50

What did Charles XII of Sweden achieve?

Question 51

How was the concept of Christendom undermined during the age of absolutism?

Question 52

How did Louis XIV drive international relations?

Question 53

How did the question of the Spanish Succession drive diplomacy and warfare in the age of absolutism?

Question 54

What was Louis XIV's foreign policy?

Question 55

How did diplomacy and international relations change in the age of absolutism?

Question 56

How did Peter the Great bring about Russian ascendancy in northern Europe?

Question 57

On his deathbed, Louis XIV told his grandson, "I have loved war too much." Did Louis XIV love war too much? What role did warfare play in Louis XIV's life?

Question 58

How did the Ottomans threaten Europe in the age of absolutism?

Question 59

European warfare and diplomacy played out on three major stages: western Europe, northern Europe, and southeastern Europe. How did diplomacy play out on these three separate stages?

Question 60

Warfare and diplomacy in this period were driven by a number of entangled factors. What were these factors and how did they drive warfare and diplomacy of the period?