Deck 16: Feminist Philosophers

Question 1

Feminism is both a movement and __________.

A) an approach to social and intellectual issues
B) of particular interest to all women.
C) a style of scientific investigation
D) a historical moment that has been superseded by other concerns

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Feminism is concerned with identifying and remedying harm against and disadvantage __________.

A) to women in business
B) to women in academia
C) to women in the sciences
D) arising from biases against women

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Feminists argue that, among other things, prejudices against women lead to __________.

A) much-needed discussions about the role of women in society
B) widespread discrediting of women's ideas and experience
C) policies that enforce equity
D) an unbalanced life

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A common theme in feminist philosophy is an emphasis on __________.

A) women and reproductive issues
B) gender and how it is essentially the same as biological differences between men and women
C) gender and how it shapes the issue at hand
D) women and political issues

Question 5

Many influential male philosophers have explicitly claimed that women lack some characteristic essential to full personhood, thereby rendering women __________.

A) equivalent to men
B) less than human
C) superior to men
D) a different sort of human than men

Question 6

__________ is an important and influential philosopher who acknowledged the intellectual abilities of women.

A) Aristotle
B) Mill
C) Kant
D) Rousseau

Question 7

__________ is an important and influential philosopher who denigrated women by claiming that women have defective rational abilities.

A) Aristotle
B) Mill
C) Kant
D) Rousseau

Question 8

__________ is an important and influential philosopher who denigrated women by claiming that women are incapable of acting according to principles.

A) Aristotle
B) Mill
C) Kant
D) Rousseau

Question 9

Much of Mary Wollstonecraft's literary output was in response to the views of Edmund Burke and __________.

A) Aristotle
B) Mill
C) Kant
D) Rousseau

Question 10

Among the things women were denied in Wollstonecraft's era are all but __________.

A) property ownership
B) participation in higher education
C) voting rights
D) access to health care

Question 11

Wollstonecraft argues that humanity's true happiness and ultimate perfection lie in the development of __________.

A) reason, emotional competence, and knowledge
B) reason, virtue, and knowledge
C) reason, virtue, and religious faith
D) happiness, virtue, and knowledge

Question 12

Wollstonecraft criticized the education of women in her day because of the emphasis it put on making women __________.

A) independent
B) pleasing to men
C) virtuous
D) rational

Question 13

Wollstonecraft believes that women's poor mental health is evidenced by forced __________.

A) childbirth
B) conduct and manners
C) labor
D) marriage

Question 14

In addition to being an influential feminist philosopher, Simone de Beauvoir was also an important __________.

A) experimental psychologist
B) existentialist thinker
C) French politician
D) economist

Question 15

Beauvoir's central question in The Second Sex is: What is__________?

A) gender
B) the feminine
C) woman
D) Other

Question 16

Beauvoir distinguishes between __________.

A) sociology and philosophy
B) public and private
C) biology and gender
D) man and woman

Question 17

Beauvoir famously declares, __________.

A) "One never becomes, but is always born, a woman"
B) "One is born a girl, but becomes a woman"
C) "Men make women out of girls"
D) "One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman"

Question 18

Beauvoir thinks that gender is __________.

A) indistinct from biology
B) largely socially determined
C) largely self-determined
D) determined by religious forces

Question 19

The assumption under which women lived in Wollstonecraft's era was that women __________.

A) do not want to change their status
B) are capable of existing independently from men
C) exist for the sake of men
D) exist as independent entities from men

Question 20

Woman as __________ means woman does not claim herself as subject.

A) object
B) Other
C) being
D) appendage

Question 21

Beauvoir asserts that "the female function__________.

A) is not enough to define woman"
B) defines woman"
C) is enough to change social systems"
D) is equivalent to the eternal feminine"

Question 22

Beauvoir thinks women and men can become peers by changing __________.

A) moral, social, and cultural systems
B) economic systems
C) social systems
D) institutions, customs, and social systems

Question 23

__________ argues that women's oppression can be lifted only if there is real freedom and true equality of both men and women-equality in education, working conditions and salaries, sexuality, marriage, motherhood, the care of children, and more.

A) Beauvoir
B) Wollstonecraft
C) Noddings
D) Held

Question 24

Feminist ethics is, among other things, __________.

A) sympathetic to the traditional philosophical emphasis on principles and autonomy
B) equivalent to care ethics
C) an approach to morality aimed at advancing the idea that women and men are morally equal
D) an approach to morality aimed at advancing the idea that women are morally superior to men

Question 25

Care ethics __________.

A) is fundamentally a consequentialist moral perspective
B) is fundamentally a utilitarian moral perspective
C) emphasizes the unique demands of specific situations and the virtues and feelings that are central to close personal relationships
D) emphasizes the unique demands of family life and the virtues and feelings that are central to familial relationships

Question 26

All but __________ is a characteristic of Held's ethics of care.

A) the compelling moral salience of attending to and meeting the needs of the particular others for whom we take responsibility
B) valuing emotion
C) reconceptualizing traditional notions of public and private
D) conceptualizing persons as individuals

Question 27

Utilitarianism is the consequentialist view that __________.

A) right actions result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad consequences for those directly involved in the event
B) good actions produce the most pleasures for everyone involved
C) right actions result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad consequences for everyone involved
D) good actions produce moderate pleasures for everyone involved

Question 28

Virtue is a disposition to behave in line with a __________.

A) family practice
B) social standard
C) standard of practice
D) standard of excellence

Question 29

According to Cole, traditional epistemology has mistakenly assumed that __________.

A) knowledge is possible
B) conditions of knowing are homogeneous
C) truth is objective
D) knowledge is true, justified belief

Question 30

__________ argues that plausible moral theories try to accommodate both an ethic of care and an ethic of obligation.

A) Mary Wollstonecraft
B) Simone de Beauvoir
C) Annette Baier
D) Nel Noddings

Question 31

Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Men.

Question 32

A female philosopher is by definition a feminist philosopher.

Question 33

Wollstonecraft argues that women's biological limitations are the source of their subjugation to men.

Question 34

Wollstonecraft thinks women should have access to higher education, but one that focuses on specifically female concerns, such as reproduction, marriage, and child rearing.

Question 35

Feminist thinkers have explored contemporary existentialism as an epistemological path.

Question 36

Cole argues that the traditional standpoint in epistemology is that of middle-class white men of science.

Question 37

The least controversial feminist epistemology is feminist postmodernism.

Question 38

Cole argues, "The social and situational similarities among knowers are crucial for determining the kind of knowing that can take place."

Question 39

Feminist epistemology focuses most of its attention on the "situated knower."

Question 40

Beauvoir believes that one learns to become a woman.

Question 41

According to Beauvoir, gender differences are biologically determined.

Question 42

Wollstonecraft thinks that genuine differences between men and women result in women's status as subjugated to men.

Question 43

Wollstonecraft argues that a lack of education prevents women from achieving their full intellectual and moral potential.

Question 44

The ethics of care is an ethics that prescribes caring, feminine approaches to ethical problems.

Question 45

Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics aimed at, among other things, advancing a Kantian conception of duty.

Question 46

According to Held, the central focus of care ethics is how to encourage everyone to care about each other.

Question 47

According to Held, care ethics values, rather than rejects, emotions.

Question 48

Feminist thinkers have explored epistemological paths that include feminist empiricism.

Question 49

Feminist standpoint theory asserts that different social groups have distinctive kinds of knowledge.

Question 50

According to Cole, the dominant knowledge-producing group is white, middle-class men of science.