Deck 7: Girls and Juvenile Delinquency

Question 1

The parens patriae model was developed in the ______.

A) 15th century
B) 1800s
C) 20th century
D) 1700s

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Parens patriae focuses on ______.

A) the relationship between parents and child
B) that which is in the best interest of the child
C) the child's delinquent acts
D) the child's school performance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following eras led to the child-saving movement?

A) Revolutionary era
B) Depression era
C) Progressive era
D) Civil rights era

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The efforts of the child-savers movement led to the creation of the first juvenile court in ______ in 1899.

A) New York
B) Chicago
C) Ohio
D) Virginia

Question 5

The ______ was designed to protect young women from men who preyed on the innocence of girls.

A) parens patriae campaign
B) age of consent campaign
C) vicious men campaign
D) child saver's campaign

Question 6

Net widening refers to which of the following?

A) Expanding the reach of the juvenile justice system to offenses and populations previously out of reach
B) Focusing on both female and male delinquency
C) The modern day institutionalization of girls for status offenses
D) The increased use of community sanctions for female delinquents

Question 7

According to UCR data, between 1980 and 2003, female arrests increased by ______.

A) 20%
B) 7%
C) 9%
D) 16%

Question 8

Juvenile girls make up ______ of the arrests of individuals under the age of 18.

A) 25%
B) 27%
C) 29%
D) 32%

Question 9

Which of the following is not a status offense?

A) Running away
B) Truancy
C) Curfew violations
D) Shoplifting

Question 10

______ is a phenomenon whereby girls are institutionalized for violations of their probation including status offenses.

A) Net widening
B) Bootstrapping
C) Hand-tying
D) Shoplifting

Question 11

A settlement of $ ______ was granted in the Alabama case in which 48 girls were found to be victimized by staff while in custody.

A) 114,000
B) 6.4 million
C) 12.7 million
D) 21.2 million

Question 12

Which of the following has led to formal processing of girls for school-based violence?

A) Elimination of in-school suspension
B) Zero tolerance policies
C) Bullying
D) Detention and suspension

Question 13

All of the following were discussed as a risk factor for female delinquency EXCEPT for _____.

A) history of abuse
B) poor school performance
C) relationships with nondelinquent peers
D) use of drugs and/or alcohol

Question 14

Family relationships can be a risk factor when all of the following are present EXCEPT for _____.

A) conflict
B) divorce
C) abuse
D) counseling

Question 15

All of the following statements pertaining to abuse are true EXCEPT for _____.

A) Sexual, physical, and emotional abuse has long been documented as significant risk factors for female offenders
B) The impact of abuse is intensified when it occurs within the community
C) Acts such as running away from home reflect an attempt to escape from a violent or abusive home environment
D) In their attempt to escape from an abusive situation, girls often fall into criminal behaviors as a mechanism of survival

Question 16

Which of the following is most important regarding the level of impact presented by delinquent peers?

A) Whether the delinquent peers are male or female.
B) The number of delinquent peers
C) Whether the delinquent peers can drive.
D) Parental involvement

Question 17

Which is true regarding school failure?

A) Truancy is not a good indicator of school failure.
B) Success is tied to feelings of anxiety
C) Positive parental involvement serves as a protective factor.
D) Socialization is not as important a factor as once perceived

Question 18

All of the following are risk factors for substance use/abuse among girls EXCEPT for _____.

A) histories of victimization
B) poor self-concept
C) first use in later adulthood
D) social opportunities for use

Question 19

UCR data from 1980 to 2003 show that female proportion of violence crime index offenses increase from ______ to ______.

A) 5%, 9%
B) 7%, 14%
C) 10%, 18%
D) 12%, 19%

Question 20

All of the following factors can affect whether communities will seek out assistance EXCEPT for _____.

A) racial
B) economic
C) cultural
D) political

Question 21

Which of the following is not a protective factor discussed in the text?

A) Lack of empathy
B) Social competence
C) Engagement in religious activities
D) Intelligence

Question 22

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act called for ______.

A) the decriminalization of status offenses
B) an increase in educational prevention programs
C) the release of more than 100 juvenile delinquents from detention centers
D) the criminalization of social failure

Question 23

Self-report data, such as the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, indicated that between 1991 and 2001, acts of violence by girls ______.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) significantly increased
D) significantly decreased

Question 24

______ represents the primary mechanism for the socialization of juveniles.

A) School
B) Family
C) After school activities
D) Church

Question 25

Which of the following is the most significant barrier in providing effective services for girls?

A) Difficulty accessing services
B) Lack of funding
C) Resistance to programming
D) Whether the programming reflects culturally relevant issues.

Question 26

Research has found that girls are ______ times more likely to spend time in detention for their "crimes" their male counterparts.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7

Question 27

The media has amplified public perceptions of an increase in which of the following?

A) "girl on girl" violence
B) "bad girls"
C) "feral and savage" girls
D) "good girls gone rogue"

Question 28

Breaking the curfew is an example of _____.

A) a misdeameanor
B) an infraction
C) a status offense
D) a felony

Question 29

The ______ movement, comprised of middle- and upper-class white citizens, was dedicated to rescuing those who were less fortunately placed in the social order.

A) feminist
B) child-saving
C) elitist
D) populist

Question 30

______are illegal acts only if committed by a juvenile.

A) Thefts
B) Violent offenses
C) Status offenses
D) DUIs

Question 31

The focus on female sexuality led to a ______ for girls.

A) double standard
B) criminal offense
C) status offense
D) gender bias

Question 32

______has been noted as a gateway to delinquency.

A) Attending school
B) Attending church
C) Community service
D) Free time

Question 33

______programming should be able to address the wide variety of needs of the delinquent girl.

A) Enrichment
B) Gender-specific
C) Scouting
D) Development

Question 34

_____ are more likely to engage in self-injurious behaviors compared to girls of other ethnicities/races.

A) Asian Americans
B) Hispanics
C) Caucasians
D) African Americans

Question 35

Gender-specific programming for adolescent females needs to focus on _____.

A) rebuilding the family unit and developing positive role modeling
B) ensuring that juvenile stay in school
C) promoting socialization amongst their peers
D) teaching juveniles to defend themselves when necessary

Question 36

According to the National Survey of Youth in Custody (NSYC), ______ of juvenile females reported acts of abuse from other inmates.

A) 7.2
B) 9.1
C) 11.5
D) 13.2

Question 37

According to the case study, which of the following factors places girls at a potential risk?

A) Cross gender supervision
B) Length of incarceration
C) Security level of the prison
D) Age

Question 38

According to the case study, children who have a rich experience with the arts have demonstrated all of the following EXCEPT for _____.

A) Achievements in writing
B) Higher GPA
C) Were more likely to attend college
D) Lower socialization skills

Question 39

LGBTQ youth are at a particularly high risk of experiencing trauma.

Question 40

Delinquency during adolescence can have serious short-term negative consequences for physical and mental health.

Question 41

In comparison to boys, girls perpetrate violence at home, school, or against family members and acquaintances.

Question 42

Arrest data and self-report data offer similar findings regarding the nature and prevalence of female violence.

Question 43

Symbolic struggles for adolescent freedom between girls and their parents may lead to family violence.

Question 44

Effective gender specific programming should provide long-term programming for girls and their social support network.

Question 45

Today, juvenile delinquency is more likely to be handled informally.

Question 46

Girls continue to represent a small proportion of all cases of juvenile delinquency.

Question 47

Female offenders represent the fastest growing population within the juvenile justice system.

Question 48

Boys experience higher rates of abuse than girls.

Question 49

Free, or unstructured, time impacts associations with delinquent peers.

Question 50

Poly-drug use refers to girls using drugs in groups.

Question 51

Cultural needs do not impact whether or not programming for delinquent girls will be successful.

Question 52

Historically, judges detained and incarcerated girls primarily for minor and status offenses and at lower rates than they did boys.

Question 53

A review of recent trends in female juvenile cases indicates an overrepresentation of incidents of family-based violence.

Question 54

Describe the evolution of juvenile justice for girls from the early days of the juvenile court up to the present day.

Question 55

Compare and contrast risk factors from protective factors. Give three examples of each.

Question 56

Explain how the juvenile justice system can better meet the needs of delinquent girls.

Question 57

What were some of the states' failures after the passage of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act?

Question 58

Discuss status offenses and provide one to two examples.