Deck 11: Homeland Security: Before and After 9/11

Question 1

The United States, after winning wars (such as World War I and II), quickly demobilized the military.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Pendulum Effect states that

A) if governmental decisions are made at a high enough level, the spin of the political world will create an effect that would not have resulted from the decision itself.
B) terrorist attacks come in waves, like the graph of a pendulum's motion.
C) terrorists have a hypnotic effect on government that forces them to take severe actions that only create more terrorists.
D) an entity will alternate between extremes when pushed one way or the other.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Previous to 9/11, how was terrorism executed?

A) Terrorism was random, occurred mostly overseas, was infrequent and if it happened an agency would respond, and justice would be served.
B) Terrorism previous to 9/11 was mostly from separatist movements such as the IRA because religious terror had not yet come into existence.
C) Terrorism was executed by a few consistent groups, but it was nothing compared to the scaling threat of terrorism that we now face.
D) Acts of terror were committed against other Western civilizations that were closer to the Middle East.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What happened to the Hart-Rudman commission?

A) The commission found that few security holes were present and was later blamed for not warning anyone about 9/11.
B) As is often the case in Washington when faced with difficult problems, the commission was created, studied the issues and made recommendations that then died.
C) They recommended the PATRIOT Act, but the bill was extremely unpopular until after 9/11.
D) They found a few reforms to make and these reforms were implemented, but they did not go far enough.

Question 5

How were efforts by Al Gore treated to reform the Federal Aviation Administration to tighten up security?

A) Most legislators were concerned about Al Gore's environmental platform and refused to pass his bills because of it.
B) The intense lobbying by the airline industry and Linda Daschle, wife of then Senate Majority Leader, Tom Daschle made sure his reforms were not implemented.
C) U.S. Citizens were concerned about their freedom and privacy when traveling and valued that over safety and security.
D) They passed the reforms but most governmental agencies are ineffective anyways and this did not change that.

Question 6

Lawrence Wright in his book, The Looming Tower, asserts that the Sudanese minister of state for defense, Major General Elfatih Erwa met with the American ambassador to Sudan, Timothy Carney, and offered to hand bin Laden over to the United States. His offer was declined.

Question 7

Before 9/11, with the 1990s approach, most of our concerns were with limited terrorist attacks in the United States, while most of the authorities' focus was on overseas bombings and airplane hijackings.

Question 8

When terrorists were apprehended either in the United States or abroad in the 1990s, they were

A) accorded the treatment of any other criminal defendant, including receiving warnings about the right to silence, and a full-blown criminal jury trial.
B) subject to advanced interrogation techniques to ensure and preserve the safety and freedom of American citizens.
C) usually treated as enemy combatants and were tried by a military tribunal.
D) executed without question.

Question 9

What did David Johnson say the government did when it needed more police or investigative efforts?

A) The government would use the existing agencies and give them new assignments and additional funding.
B) David Johnson believes that the agencies "evolved" with new mission statements, and their evolution sort of modeled scientific theories of evolution.
C) It was haphazard with federal agencies creating a police force only when it became abundantly clear one was needed.
D) An investigative task force with no funding or staff would be created and placed under the responsibility of a larger agency and would later be closed once it outlived its usefulness.

Question 10

The Department of Defense essentially was homeland security before 9/11.

Question 11

Which of the following highlights a way that 9/11 could have been prevented?

A) Weapons could have been allowed on planes so that passengers would not be unarmed in the case of a terrorist hijacking.
B) The reason the terrorists used planes was because they were cheap. Airline fees could have been raised and it most likely would have costed too much.
C) 9/11 was completely unpreventable and the terrorists would have found some way or another to blow up the World Trade Center.
D) 9/11 could have been prevented if the CIA, FBI, and National Security Agency had worked together and shared information.

Question 12

How was FEMA used during the Oklahoma City Bombing?

A) A national emergency was declared as it was a property for which the federal government had responsibility and this placed FEMA in charge of disaster relief.
B) It wasn't, and a controversy started because of it. More could have been done in the aftermath, and FEMA could have helped.
C) FEMA was present, but just like in the hurricane Katrina cleanup, they weren't able to do their job because they didn't know what it was.
D) FEMA tried to help but was ultimately unneeded.

Question 13

FEMA was generally regarded as a successful agency before the events of 9/11.

Question 14

Why were the 9/11 plane hijackings successful?

A) Passengers on three of the flights were docile; they no doubt assumed it would be an unpleasant and uncomfortable hijacking, not realizing they were going to die.
B) They told the passengers they could have one last call home before they died and it satisfied most people.
C) Airport security unintentionally allowed the terrorists to bring bombs on the planes that kept passengers from trying to stop the airplane.
D) Politicians in Washington delayed the process of meeting the demands of the terrorists, and it resulted in devastation.

Question 15

9/11 was treated as a criminal attack and prosecuted, but would also be the opening salvo in war or wars fought to a conclusion.

Question 16

What is the problem with a governmental overreaction to terrorism?

A) Agencies are created that want to continue existing even when they are no longer necessary and they stress the threat to increase funds and personnel.
B) Overreactions to terrorism are usually inclined to give too many freedoms to the people in exchange for removing security.
C) The government is amassing a huge national debt and trying to solve terrorism problems only makes it worse.
D) The United States has become almost completely militarized and is too focused on gun ownership.

Question 17

What is the government able to do as dictated by Section 215 and Section 206 of the Patriot act?

A) The government can incentivize the deployment of new and innovative anti-terrorism technologies by providing liability protections to companies whose products or services have successfully passed DHS review.
B) They can authorize cybersecurity attacks and the military has been drafting cyber rules of engagement.
C) They can gather any tangible thing pertinent to a terrorism investigation and are allowed roving wiretaps that permitted the government to obtain intelligence surveillance orders that identify neither the person nor the facility.
D) The United States has become almost completely militarized and is too focused on gun ownership.

Question 18

What did Secretary of State Colin Powell argue before the United Nations Security Council about in regards to Iraq?

A) Colin Powell said that there was no need to invade Iraq because there was clear evidence that Iraq did not have WMDs.
B) He said that it might be necessary to ensure the freedom of the people of Iraq and to support a Democratic government in the Middle East so that we might have some allies there.
C) He said that it was a hostile regime that might share its weapons of mass destruction (which everyone believed Iraq possessed including) with terrorists.
D) Fearing for the lives of American troops, he said that we should not risk sending military in because the war that would follow simply couldn't be worth it.

Question 19

What is the difference between antiterrorism and counterterrorism?

A) Antiterrorism refers to the funds used to combat terrorism and counterterrorism describes the organizations that work to prevent and stop terrorism, whether it is currently taking place or will in the future.
B) Antiterrorism is defined by actively pursuing and neutralizing terrorists and groups, counterterrorism is passive measures attempting to prevent it.
C) Antiterrorism refers to feelings people have about terrorism (specifically those opposed to terrorism), and counterterrorism is defined by the people that are stopping it.
D) Antiterrorism is defined by passive measures attempting to prevent terrorism, counterterrorism is actively pursuing and neutralizing terrorists and groups.

Question 20

Conducting threat assessments, planning, and employing security measures are examples of

A) counterterrorism.
B) passive actions to reduce the likelihood of an attack.
C) information sharing in governmental agencies.
D) actively pursuing and neutralizing terrorists and groups.

Question 21

Director Ridge wanted to replace the head of FEMA and open a regional homeland security office in New Orleans, prior to Katrina but was overruled by the White House. The blundering response to Hurricane Katrina was no not a surprise to DHS; FEMA was not clear on what their mission was at the time of Katrina in an agency focused on terrorism. This is an example of

A) the lack of information sharing happening in the government.
B) how bad things were at the Department of Homeland Security.
C) government agencies outlasting their usefulness.
D) the out of control spending on research and agencies that don't actually help.

Question 22

Certainly, Secretary Napolitano claimed "the system worked" after the foiled "underwear bomber" attempt on Christmas 2009, but

A) the bomber was caught by alert passengers, not the DHS.
B) the bomb was a dud, anyway, and would not have caused any damage.
C) he was stopped by the TSA, an agency proven to be very inefficient, so reforms are still necessary.
D) most of the media outlets said it was a fluke and anecdotal evidence to "prove" a point.

Question 23

In a decade DHS has spent nearly $35 Billion dollars on various grants to prevent terrorism such as purchasing an armored truck with a rotating gun turret in a city averaging almost no homicides annually. What have the antiterrorism results been?

A) The armored vehicles have been useful in stopping domestic terrorism, which is not really antiterrorism, but still helpful.
B) Most terrorists see the advanced technology and pick different cities, in the same way that having armed citizens prevents break-ins.
C) It is because of such weaponry that cities have no homicides or terrorist threats; to put it like that is backwards.
D) The results have not stopped terrorism and so are probably a waste of money.

Question 24

Less than half of cities with a population between 25,000 people and 50,000 have SWAT teams, but those that do are armed by DHS grants.

Question 25

What did a congressional joint study by the House Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Oversight and Government Reform in 2011 conclude about flying?

A) Flights are very susceptible to mid-air hijackings when they turn because they are forced to slow down.
B) Nothing can be done to prevent terrorism on air planes; when one security hole is patched, another quickly presents itself.
C) People have become more wary of Middle Eastern individuals and are more likely to start fights with them on planes.
D) Flying is no safer than it was before 9/11.

Question 26

In August 2012 a stranded jet-skier climbed across a fence at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport and was immediately arrested because of his noticeable wet suit.

Question 27

The Container Security Initiative was supposed to ensure that eventually all cargo would be scanned by radiation technology or nonintrusive imaging technology but

A) Congress felt it violated the Fourth Amendment and didn't pass it.
B) thus far only about 5 per cent of containers are screened.
C) most cargo ships have to be manually searched because they can't afford the nonintrusive imaging technology.
D) the screenings aren't that helpful.

Question 28

DHS doesn't know or doesn't want us to know how effective its border-security efforts are because

A) most of them feel that they really aren't doing that good of a job, but they want to hide that fact to increase their budget.
B) there are too many variables to consider in whether or not something could be considered a preventable terrorist attack.
C) they use a metric of "number of apprehensions" to say they are doing an effective job, which is a measure of activity, not program results.
D) not enough time has passed for them to effectively evaluate most program results.

Question 29

The DHS is responsible for is safeguarding and securing cyberspace. DHS efforts in this area are clearly a work in progress, but why is it not completely their fault?

A) It's the fault of Congress, where legislation on cyber security has stalled, due to privacy and liability concerns.
B) The fault lies with the President, who has refused labels of terrorism, even in cases of cyberterrorism.
C) The Supreme Court thinks cyberterrorists should be treated as criminals and protected under the Constitution.
D) It's the fault of other governmental agencies who refuse to or are too inept to share information with the DHS.

Question 30

What did Presidential Policy Directive 20, a classified document was signed in 2012 by President Obama do?

A) It ensures that the threat of liability does not deter 'potential sellers from developing, commercializing, and deploying' anti-terrorism technologies.
B) It authorizes cybersecurity attacks and the military has been drafting cyber rules of engagement.
C) Any tangible thing pertinent to a terrorism investigation is gathered and roving wiretaps permit the government to obtain intelligence surveillance orders that identify neither the person nor the facility.
D) It was created to use behavior profiling and things like body temperature and blink rate to discern mal-intent of a person.

Question 31

The first Super Bowl after 9/11 received a designation of

A) National Security Special Event
B) a Potential Terrorist Target
C) Code 9 Security Level, which is maximum security
D) Technological Trial Guinea Pig

Question 32

What was the purpose of SPOT and FAST?

A) Any tangible thing pertinent to a terrorism investigation is gathered and roving wiretaps permit the government to obtain intelligence surveillance orders that identify neither the person nor the facility.
B) It ensures that the threat of liability does not deter 'potential sellers from developing, commercializing, and deploying' anti-terrorism technologies.
C) It authorizes cybersecurity attacks and the military has been drafting cyber rules of engagement.
D) It was created to use behavior profiling and things like body temperature and blink rate to discern mal-intent of a person.

Question 33

Which organization now runs the intelligence community using an approach intended to reduce redundancies among the various intelligence agencies by using 17 national intelligence managers designated by a region or domain, such as cybersecurity or finance?

A) CIA
B) ODNI
C) NSA
D) DHS

Question 34

Why did Director of the CIA, David Petraeus resign in 2012?

A) Petraeus resigned because the political gridlock had been preventing anything from getting done, and so he didn't see it as useful.
B) He resigned after the FBI informed the DNI James Clapper they were investigating Petraeus for having an extramarital affair.
C) He provided the information that the attack on the U.S. Embassy and Ambassador happened because of an anti-Islamic video, which most people argue was false.
D) Terrorists starting making personal threats against him and his family.

Question 35

Which of the following explains why the DNI and ODNI have a really tough job to do?

A) They are in a near impossible position of having responsibility with little true authority.
B) Terrorists always seem to be one or two steps ahead of our government.
C) The DNI and ODNI have a large say in the legislation process but anything they say will be scrutinized and probably twisted.
D) We probably don't have enough money to fund the DNI and ODNI properly.

Question 36

Why did Congress go overboard creating such a large agency as the DHS?

A) The DHS has grown to spend over a half a trillion dollars annually.
B) The DHS, as per the PATRIOT Act, has been spying on Americans through a program called prism.
C) The DHS is responsible for running the intelligence community.
D) The DHS does many things that have little relationship to Homeland Security.

Question 37

The oversight by Congress, over 100 various committees and subcommittees, is unworkable.

Question 38

TSA has a number of critics but efforts to kill it or diminish it have so far failed

Question 39

The reforms in the intelligence community

A) have fixed most things that were wrong, and we now share information a lot better between agencies.
B) created many redundant organizations in order to ensure that all agencies arrive at the correct answer.
C) were held back by politicians concerned about the privacy of U.S. citizens.
D) did not go far enough and may have even made things worse.

Question 40

In the article, it says that Thomas Jefferson referred to the Greeks and Romans as an example of

A) every citizen must be a soldier.
B) the difference between democracies and republics.
C) why we don't need to torture our enemies to remain a stable government.
D) America before it was America.

Question 41

Kimberly Schimmel has argued that the __________________ enjoy(s) a uniquely privileged position within US domestic security policy.

A) White House
B) NFL and its stadiums and events
C) ODNI and the agencies they oversee
D) Department of Defense

Question 42

What was the purpose of the SAFETY Act?

A) It authorizes cybersecurity attacks and the military has been drafting cyber rules of engagement.
B) Any tangible thing pertinent to a terrorism investigation is gathered and roving wiretaps permit the government to obtain intelligence surveillance orders that identify neither the person nor the facility.
C) It ensures that the threat of liability does not deter 'potential sellers from developing, commercializing, and deploying' anti-terrorism technologies.
D) It was created to use behavior profiling and things like body temperature and blink rate to discern mal-intent of a person.

Question 43

What does the SAFETY Act do?

A) It was created to use behavior profiling and things like body temperature and blink rate to discern mal-intent of a person.
B) Any tangible thing pertinent to a terrorism investigation is gathered and roving wiretaps permit the government to obtain intelligence surveillance orders that identify neither the person nor the facility.
C) It authorizes cybersecurity attacks and the military has been drafting cyber rules of engagement.
D) It incentivizes the deployment of new and innovative anti-terrorism technologies by providing liability protections to companies whose products or services have successfully passed DHS review.

Question 44

The foundation of _______________ is the US Supreme Court case Boyle v United Technologies Corp., 487 US 500 (1988) involving the estate of a marine helicopter pilot who drowned when his escape hatch failed to allow him to escape his downed aircraft.

A) Military political legislation
B) Military weapons and vehicle standards
C) Legislation regarding technology and the government
D) Government Contractor Defense

Question 45

Which of the following explains the expression "If you see something, say something?"

A) People considering acts of terrorism often talk to their friends about their beliefs, who say nothing to them out of fear of becoming a target.
B) The media needs help reporting on things that could be skewed to terrorism, so if a disaster happens people are asked to let the media know.
C) It means to report 'suspicious activity' to state and local law enforcement agencies.
D) The government asked for the help of U.S. citizens to invent technologies that may prevent terrorism, so if someone has an idea, he or she should report it to the government.

Question 46

What were some actions that could have been taken to prevent 9/11?

Question 47

How has the NFL worked with the DHS to improve anti-terrorism efforts?