Deck 1: Introducing sport and exercise psychology: discipline and profession

Question 1

The method of narrative inquiry in sport psychology is concerned with:

A) Measuring the duration of athletes' careers
B) Investigating athletes' excuses for their failures in competitive situations
C) Analysing the stories that athletes create in order to make sense of their lives
D) Exploring journalists' accounts of competitive encounters in sport

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The physical aspects of sports performance relate to phenomena such as:

A) Planning and decision making
B) Fitness, strength and stamina
C) Concentration and confidence
D) Technical ability

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which one of the following psychologists is associated with the theory of self-efficacy?

A) Skinner
B) Piaget
C) Bandura
D) Ericsson

Answer 3

C

Question 4

"Hardiness" may be described as:

A) A set of personality characteristics that enables people to withstand the adverse effects of stressful situations
B) A killer instinct that is common in successful athletes
C) A form of physical conditioning practised by endurance athletes
D) A type of simulation training used by coaches in team sports

Question 5

A focus group is a data-collection technique that involves:

A) Training participants to focus on the hidden meaning of questionnaire items
B) Testing the reliability and validity of questionnaires on a small sample of participants
C) Calculating average responses from participants in groups to items on psychological tests
D) Group discussion led by a trained facilitator

Question 6

The term "critical thinking" refers to:

A) Criticizing what other people say
B) Having a negative attitude to other people's beliefs
C) The ability to evaluate arguments and evidence in a careful manner
D) Pessimism

Question 7

Approximately what percentage of the average duration of a round of golf is actually spent hitting the ball?

A) Less than 20%
B) Less than 30%
C) Less than 40%
D) Less than 50%

Question 8

What is the name of the researcher who discovered that racing cyclists tended to perform 25% faster when competing against other cyclists than when performing alone against the clock?

A) James
B) Triplett
C) Washburn
D) Sackett

Question 9

When was the title of the Journal of Sport Psychology changed to that of the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology?

A) 1988
B) 1990
C) 1980
D) 2001

Question 10

Who established the first sport psychology facility - named the Athletic Research Laboratory - in the US in the University of Illinois in 1925?

A) John B. Watson
B) Karl Lashley
C) William James
D) Coleman Roberts Griffith

Question 11

The term "grounded theory" in psychology refers to an approach whereby a researcher tries to:

A) Apply a general theory to explain a specific fact or experience
B) Develop a theory of a phenomenon from data derived from people's experience of that phenomenon
C) Apply a theory from one field to a topic in another field
D) Develop a computer-based theory of a topic in a laboratory setting

Question 12

The purpose of correlational research is to measure the:

A) Relationship or degree of association between two or more variables
B) Effects of one variable on another
C) Experiences of single individuals over time
D) Practical value of laboratory research

Question 13

Single-case research designs are a group of quasi-experimental methods that grew mainly out of the tradition of:

A) Psychometrics
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Applied behaviour analysis
D) Psychophysiology

Question 14

What is the correct name for Division 47 of the American Psychological Association?

A) Division of Sport and Exercise Psychology
B) Division of Sport Psychology
C) Division of Exercise and Sport Psychology
D) Division of Exercise Psychology

Question 15

In the model of service delivery postulated by Kremer and Scully (1998), the primary target for psychological education is:

A) The athlete
B) The medical officer/team doctor
C) The physiotherapist
D) The coach

Question 16

Which former tennis champion criticized sport psychologists by saying that "you lie on a couch, they take your money, and you walk out more bananas than when you walk in"?

A) Boris Becker
B) Goran Ivanisevic
C) John McEnroe
D) Bjorn Borg

Question 17

According to Ronald Smith (2006), the term "mental toughness" refers to:

A) A genetic trait of winners in sport
B) The killer instinct in elite athletes
C) A characteristic that enables athletes to react well to adversity and to persist in the face of setbacks
D) A mythical explanation of athletic success

Question 18

Which of the following researchers is/are credited with developing personal construct psychology?

A) Deci and Ryan
B) Ajen
C) Kelly
D) Weiner

Question 19

Personal construct psychology emphasizes the:

A) Most general set of personality traits that people share
B) Emotional consequences of experiencing stressful life events
C) Unique ways in which people perceive and/or strive to make sense of their experience
D) Genetic basis of people's personalities