Question 1

Is it true that the psychodynamic approach is centred on understanding personality and the psychological make-up of both the leader and followers?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach indeed focuses on understanding the personality, underlying motivations, and psychological dynamics of both leaders and followers, emphasizing the influence of unconscious factors on behavior.

Question 2

Freud proposed that the adult personality, or psyche, has three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. How can the superego can be explained?&#10;A) The superego is the moralistic part of personality which develops as a child interacts with significant others, such as its parents.&#10;B) The superego is the combination of pleasure-seeking desires, and we are born with it-this controls most of our basic biological drivers such as sex, eating, drinking, and aggression.&#10;C) The superego develops later in life and tries to maintain a balance be- tween the id and the ego -this controls most of our basic biological drivers such as sex, eating, drinking, and aggression.&#10;D) The superego develops as a child interacts with the id. The id uses anxiety and guilt to stop us acting on the urges from the ego.

Accepted Answer

The superego is described as the moral component of personality, incorporating the values and morals learned from parents and society, which guides our sense of right and wrong. It is not about pleasure-seeking (that's the id) or balancing (that's the ego's role).

Question 3

Is it true that the id attempts to satisfy the ego by attempting to make sure urges are satisfied in a socially acceptable way?

Accepted Answer

The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of its urges, desires, and needs. It is the ego's role to satisfy the id's demands in a socially acceptable way, balancing the id's desires with the reality of the external world.

Question 4

Why is it that our consciousness is what is currently in our minds but Freud suggested we react to motives that are hidden from our immediate awareness?&#10;A) There are explicit urges which come from previous experiences and may lead us to behaviours and actions we can explain easily.&#10;B) The mind can be seen as being similar to an iceberg with only the very tip exposed and the bulk of the iceberg unseen.&#10;C) The mind can be seen as being similar to an iceberg with only the very tip hidden and the bulk of the iceberg seen.&#10;D) There are explicit experiences which come from previous urges and may lead us to behaviours and actions we can explain easily.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of the unconscious suggests that much of our mental life is hidden from immediate awareness, similar to the bulk of an iceberg being underwater and unseen, with only a small part visible above the surface. This metaphor illustrates how our conscious mind is just the "tip of the iceberg," with the unconscious mind holding deeper, often inaccessible thoughts, feelings, and motivations.

Question 5

Jung had a slightly different approach from Freud advocating the tabula rasa approach. What was the basis of these beliefs?&#10;A) He believed that each person was unique-a product of their own heredity and environment that immediately shaped their perceptions of the world.&#10;B) That individuals were born as blank templates rather than had inbuilt, unconscious predispositions that immediately shaped their perceptions of the world.&#10;C) That individuals were not born as blank templates but had inbuilt, unconscious predispositions that immediately shaped their perceptions of the world.&#10;D) He believed that each person was not unique-a product of their own environment that could not shape their perceptions of the world.

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that individuals were not born as blank slates (tabula rasa) but had inbuilt, unconscious predispositions, which he referred to as archetypes, that shaped their perceptions and experiences.

Question 6

Is it true that the pure types of individual who can fit into an ordered taxonomy means that Jung's dichotomous approach results in individuals that cannot be grouped, nor predictions made, about their likely response in any given situation?

Accepted Answer

Jung's dichotomous approach to psychological types does allow for the grouping of individuals based on their dominant functions (e.g., thinking, feeling, sensing, intuition) and attitudes (introversion vs. extraversion), enabling predictions about their behavior and responses in various situations.

Question 7

Is it true that Briggs (1875-1968) recommended some of Jung's ideas to her daughter to help women find work that suited their personality?

Accepted Answer

Katharine Cook Briggs, who later co-developed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) with her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers, was indeed influenced by Carl Jung's theories on psychological types. She recommended these ideas to her daughter as a way to help people, including women, find work that suited their personalities, leading to the development of the MBTI.

Question 8

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator suggests that an extrovert's energy is drawn from their local environment. What is the best explanation of this?&#10;A) They direct their energy outwards but gain energy from reflecting upon own thoughts and concepts. Their preference is likely to be communicating and working own ideas by reflecting and become bored if not able to find inspiration from their surroundings.&#10;B) They may be sociable but outgoing with a wide range of interests. They are often expressive and become bored if not able to find inspiration from their surroundings.&#10;C) They direct their energy inwards and gain energy from reflecting on thoughts and concepts. Their preference is likely to be communicating with others in writing and working on ideas by reflecting.&#10;D) They may be unsociable and outgoing with few interests. They are often expressive but never bored when unable to find inspiration from their surroundings.

Accepted Answer

Extroverts are characterized by their sociability, expressiveness, and a wide range of interests, drawing energy from external interactions and becoming bored without external stimulation.

Question 9

In the field of management development, NLP has been used to develop self-confidence, communication skills, and influencing techniques. From what area did it originate?&#10;A) A psychotherapeutic approach to numerous mental disorders, such as phobias, obsessions, and learning disorders.&#10;B) That a person is not part of a connected system where the mind and body operate in a manner that connects them both; they are independent of each other capable of affecting each other.&#10;C) A psychodynamic approach to numerous mental orders, such as aspirations, motivations, and learning theories.&#10;D) That a person is considered to be a connected system but the mind and body operating in a manner that is independent of them both; they are incapable of affecting each other as a result.

Accepted Answer

NLP, or Neuro-Linguistic Programming, originated as a psychotherapeutic approach aimed at treating various mental disorders, including phobias, obsessions, and learning disorders, by understanding and changing the patterns of thought and behavior.

Question 10

NLP practitioners believe that, by understanding an individual's predisposition, a skilled communicator can ensure the message they wish to communicate is received and processed by their chosen target in the manner intended. From NLP what does VAKOG stand for?

A) V A K O G = V = Visual, A = auditory, K = kinaesthetic, O = what we taste and G = what we smell
B) VAKOG is V = what we see, A = auditory, K = what we feel, O = what we smell and G = what we taste
C) VAKOG is V = what we see, A = actions - what we do, K = what we feel, O = what we smell and G = what we taste
D) VAKOG is V = Vocal - what we say A = auditory K = what we feel O = what we smell and G = what we taste

Accepted Answer

The answer of NLP practitioners believe that, by understanding an...

Deck 8: Psychodynamic Approaches to Leadership