Deck 3: Epicurus

Question 1

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Explain Epicurus's argument for the conclusion that we ought not to fear death. What do you think is the strongest objection to this argument? Do you think the argument is sound? Why or why not?

Answer 1

No Answer

Question 2

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-What does Epicurus think is the end of all human action? What would a successful human life look like, on his view? Does he present a compelling picture of what it is to live a good life? Defend your answer.

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-What role does Epicurus think that philosophy can play in allowing us to live good lives? What conclusions of philosophy does he think are essential to our well-being? Do you agree with him?

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus characterizes justice as a "kind of compact" between people. What does he mean by this, and what are the implications of this view? Is this conception of justice defensible?

Question 5

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-What does Epicurus mean when he claims that "death is nothing to us"? How does he argue for this claim? Should those who fear death be convinced by his argument? Defend your answer.

Question 6

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-What is the best sort of life, according to Epicurus? What sorts of things should we pursue, and what should we avoid, on his account? Do you find his picture of the good life attractive? Why or why not?

Question 7

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-What is Epicurus's account of the nature of justice? What makes a law just or unjust, on his view? To what extent does his view make justice vary from society to society? Do you think his account is correct?

Question 8

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus the gods are:

A) known by clear vision.
B) immortal.
C) blessed.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus, an impious man is one who:

A) does not believe in the gods of the many.
B) attaches to the gods the beliefs of the many.
C) does not offer sacrifices to the gods.
D) breaks his contracts.

Question 10

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus conceives of death as:

A) the beginning of the afterlife.
B) one component of the continuous cycle of rebirth.
C) the deprivation of all sensation.
D) the greatest harm that one can suffer.

Question 11

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus argues that death harms:

A) the living.
B) the dead.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.

Question 12

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus, by pleasure we mean:

A) desire satisfaction.
B) freedom from pain in the body.
C) freedom from pain in the mind.
D) both b and c.

Question 13

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus claims that the end of all human action is:

A) the avoidance of pain and fear.
B) luxury.
C) honor.
D) pleasing the gods.

Question 14

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus:

A) every pleasure is good, and every pleasure is to be chosen.
B) every pleasure is good, but not every pleasure is to be chosen.
C) not every pleasure is good, but every pleasure is to be chosen.
D) not every pleasure is good, and not every pleasure is to be chosen.

Question 15

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus recommends a diet that:

A) is simple and inexpensive.
B) is full of fancy and delicious foods.
C) is vegetarian, so as to avoid causing pain.
D) consists solely of foods that one has grown oneself.

Question 16

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus claims that all other virtues spring from:

A) prudence.
B) temperance.
C) justice.
D) courage.

Question 17

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-In Epicurus's view, justice is:

A) a kind of prudence.
B) a kind of harmony.
C) a find of fairness.
D) a kind of compact.

Question 18

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus, the wealth required for a good life is:

A) easily procured.
B) attainable for everyone, but only through great effort.
C) available only to the rich.
D) available only to the gods.

Question 19

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus claims that differences of opinion must always be settled by reference to:

A) tradition.
B) abstract reason.
C) perception.
D) the law.

Question 20

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus states that of all the things required for a complete life, the greatest is:

A) honor.
B) friendship.
C) luxury.
D) good food.

Question 21

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus conceives of the greatest good as:

A) honor.
B) fame.
C) prudence
D) justice.

Question 22

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus, a law is unjust when:

A) it is not in accordance with natural law.
B) it is not in accordance with the traditions of society.
C) it is offensive to the gods.
D) it is not beneficial to those it affects.

Question 23

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus an impious person is someone who does not believe in the gods of the many.

Question 24

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus, we should not fear death.

Question 25

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-In Epicurus's view, the virtues come from prudence

Question 26

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus claims that the best kind of life is one of great excitement and sensuality.

Question 27

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus, it is better to act well and to fail than to be successful due to chance.

Question 28

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus claims that whenever pleasure is present, pain in the body and mind are absent.

Question 29

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus argues that natural science is necessary to attain the pleasures we seek.

Question 30

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus claims that happiness requires great wealth, and is therefore not available to everyone.

Question 31

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-According to Epicurus, what is just in one set of circumstances can never be unjust in another.

Question 32

Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus and Leading Doctrines
In these two writings, Epicurus provides a sketch of his practical philosophy, which is centered on the concept of living a life free from pain and fear. In his view, the key to the good life lies in three philosophical doctrines, for the best sort of person is one who "holds reverent opinions concerning the gods, and is at all times free from fear of death, and has reasoned out the end ordained by nature." First, Epicurus claims that although the gods do exist, most people hold false and impious views of them. Although many people are concerned to please the gods so that they might be rewarded and not punished, Epicurus claims that the gods are blessed immortal beings who do not intervene in human affairs. Second, Epicurus argues that fear of death is irrational, because death cannot harm us. Harm, in Epicurus's view, consists of unpleasant sensations. Because death is the absence of sensations, death cannot harm the dead. If death cannot harm us when it arrives, it is senseless to fear it in advance. Death, Epicurus claims, is nothing to us, and is neither to be feared nor yearned for.
Finally, Epicurus presents his view of the end of human life set by nature. All human beings act for the sake of pleasure, and the absence of pain and fear. This end is both what we do seek, and also what we ought to seek, in everything we do. Nonetheless, Epicurus holds that it is rational to forgo certain pleasures if doing so will allow us to avoid greater pains in the future, and to suffer minor pains in return for greater pleasures later. We will best achieve the end of pleasure and freedom from pain and fear if we live simply, avoiding luxury and indulgence. Furthermore, one cannot live a pleasant life without living honorably and justly. Despite the importance he places on pleasure, the life that Epicurus recommends is not one of sensual indulgence, but a simple and austere life of philosophy and the cultivation of virtue.
-Epicurus claims that the study of philosophy is not suitable for everyone.