Deck 5: Epictetus

Question 1

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-What is freedom for Epictetus, and how does he think that we can achieve it? In what sense does Epictetus think that a free person can never be harmed? Do you think he is right about this?

Answer 1

No Answer

Question 2

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that we should not be disturbed by the deaths of our loved ones. How does he argue for this view? Is this an attractive ideal?

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Would you say that Epictetus's philosophy reflects an optimistic or a pessimistic outlook on life? Defend your answer.

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-How does Epictetus claim that we should respond when we are harmed by others? What do you think is the strongest objection to his view, and how do you think he would respond to it? Do you think the objection is successful? Why or why not?

Question 5

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-What key distinction does Epictetus claim we must bear in mind when making decisions about what to pursue? Which kinds of things does he think we should strive for, and which should we try to avoid?

Question 6

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." What does he mean by this? What implications does he think this view has for how we should live our lives? Do you find his position plausible?

Question 7

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-What is Epictetus's view of the gods, and how does it inform his views about how we ought to live? To what extent are his ethical views separable from his theological beliefs?

Question 8

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-According to Epictetus, our attitude toward things outside of our control should be one of:

A) mild interest.
B) strong desire.
C) hopeful prayer.
D) complete indifference.

Question 9

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that if the wife and children of a virtuous man were to die, he should feel:

A) righteous indignation.
B) moderate grief.
C) undisturbed.
D) envy of those who still have their loved ones.

Question 10

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-In Epictetus's view, your impressions should be:

A) in accord with other person's.
B) in accord with the gods'.
C) in accord with nature.
D) none of the above.

Question 11

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that the only thing one can call one's own is:

A) the way one deals with one's impressions.
B) one's family.
C) one's friends.
D) one's body.

Question 12

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that when we lose a loved one or a piece of property, we should think that:

A) this is actually a blessing in disguise.
B) we have been the victim of fate.
C) what we have lost has been given back.
D) we were fortunate merely to have them in the first place.

Question 13

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims if an event is not in our control, it:

A) cannot be good.
B) cannot be evil.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.

Question 14

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that to be free, we must:

A) choose meaningful projects and pursue them.
B) not wish for anything that depends on others.
C) surround ourselves with reliable people whom we care about.
D) take great care to manage our property.

Question 15

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that when someone strikes you, what really angers you is:

A) the force of the blow.
B) their malicious intentions.
C) your own judgment.
D) the insult involved.

Question 16

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-According to Epictetus, the only thing that is intrinsically evil is:

A) pain.
B) anger.
C) vice.
D) none of the above.

Question 17

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus recommends that we act:

A) according to our passions.
B) so as to do whatever comes naturally, without much thought.
C) only after careful reflection on the consequences of our actions.
D) so as to benefit the greatest number.

Question 18

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus recommends that we refrain from:

A) laughing without restraint.
B) casually going to lectures.
C) having sex before marriage.
D) all of the above.

Question 19

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-According to Epictetus, the ignorant man __________, and the philosopher __________.

A) never looks to himself for benefit or harm; never looks to himself for benefit or harm
B) never looks to himself for benefit or harm; always looks to himself for benefit or harm
C) always looks to himself for benefit or harm; never looks to himself for benefit or harm
D) always looks to himself for benefit or harm; always looks to himself for benefit or harm

Question 20

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that when our loved ones die we should:

A) think about how we feel when hearing about the death of other people's loved ones.
B) think of the ways in which our loved ones' were vicious.
C) think about other things.
D) none of the above.

Question 21

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus maintains that it is often worse to prepare our minds by expecting the worst.

Question 22

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-According to Epictetus, what disturbs our minds is not events but our judgments on events.

Question 23

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims it is appropriate to feel grief when a loved one dies.

Question 24

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-In Epictetus's view, the only things we can truly call our own are our bodies.

Question 25

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that sickness is a hindrance to the will.

Question 26

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-According to Epictetus, the key to freedom is despising what is not in one's power.

Question 27

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world.

Question 28

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus argues that piety requires obeying the gods.

Question 29

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-In Epictetus's view, if something is not in our power we should treat it as if it is nothing.

Question 30

Epictetus: Enchiridion
Epictetus defends an austere conception of the good life as one of restraint, resignation, and lack of attachment. He motivates this conception of the good life by noting that some things are under our control while others are not. For example, our thoughts, our responses to the situations in which we find ourselves, and our decisions about how to behave are in our power. But the conditions into which we are born, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, and the actions of others are not in our power. Epictetus claims that the wise person concerns himself only with the former, refusing to become attached to material things or those closest to him. If we concern ourselves with things outside of our control, we are bound to be disappointed. On the other hand, if we concern ourselves only with our own thoughts and decisions, then as Socrates said, others might "have the power to put me to death, but not to harm me."
Underlying this view is Epictetus's claim that "there is nothing intrinsically evil in the world." In saying this, Epictetus suggests that valuing is ultimately a subjective activity. As an example, Epictetus considers the death of a loved one. What distresses us in such a case is not the event itself, for the event does not distress others in the same way. Rather, what distresses us is our judgments of events. Judgments, however, are in our control. By choosing to accept things that are outside of our power, we can spare ourselves unnecessary suffering.
Ultimately, Epictetus endorses a simple life devoid of attachments, avoiding bodily pleasures and strong emotions. We should accept the roles in which we find ourselves, for they are given by the gods and are outside of our control. It is not by trying to shape the world to our wills, but rather by refusing to desire things beyond the power of our wills, that we find true freedom.
-Epictetus claims that a perfectly moral person will do nothing against her or his own will.