Deck 13: Language Politics

Question 1

How many provincial elections have the Parti Québécois won?

A) One of 12
B) 12 of 12
C) 10 of 12
D) Zero of 12
E) Five of 12

Answer 1

E

Question 2

When New France was formally placed under British control in 1763, what was the proportion of francophones to anglophones in the territory that would become Canada?

A) Ten to one
B) Five to two
C) Eight to three
D) Two to one
E) Eight to one

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which term refers to the high birth rate that for close to a century enabled French Canada to maintain its numerical strength against English Canada?

A) La grippe
B) La naissance
C) La revanche des berceaux
D) La fait accompli
E) La croissance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following led to a decline in the francophone share of the Canadian population by the early 1960s?

A) A majority of immigrants choosing French as their adopted language
B) The Quiet Revolution
C) The end of la revanche des berceaux
D) The politics of the Progressive Conservative government
E) Constitutional amendments involving language rights

Question 5

What was the key factor in shifting the linguistic balance of Quebec?

A) The death of Maurice Duplessis
B) The Progressive Conservative government
C) The War Measures Act
D) Immigration
E) Constitutional amendments and other legislation addressing language rights

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of Quebec's demographic picture?

A) Allophones immigrating to Quebec have been an unprecedented factor since the 1960s.
B) French is spoken in the home by about 80 per cent of the population.
C) Quebec's francophone population has remained steady since the early 1900s.
D) Quebec's share of the total Canadian population has decreased over the past two decades.
E) All of the above are characteristics of Quebec's demographic picture.

Question 7

Besides Quebec, which province has a large French-speaking population?

A) Nova Scotia
B) New Brunswick
C) Prince Edward Island
D) Saskatchewan
E) Manitoba

Question 8

What point does Richard Joy make in his documentation of francophone assimilation outside Quebec?

A) The rate of language transfer is greatest among older generations.
B) The rate of language transfer is consistent among generations.
C) The rate of language transfer decreases from older to younger generations.
D) The rate of language transfer is greatest among younger generations.
E) Richard Joy does not make such claims.

Question 9

Which of the following makes up what Richard Joy describes as the "bilingual belt"?

A) The narrow region running from Halifax, Nova Scotia in the east to Montreal, Quebec in the west
B) The narrow region running from Moncton, New Brunswick in the east to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in the west
C) The narrow region running from Hull, Quebec in the east to Winnipeg, Manitoba in the west
D) A small island east of Nova Scotia
E) The narrow region running from Sudbury, Ontario in the north to Ottawa, Ontario in the south

Question 10

What contributed to the increase in bilingualism among youth outside Quebec?

A) Constitutional French and minority language rights
B) Popular French music
C) Constitutional official language provisions for the provision of education and government services in French
D) French television shows
E) The rapid expansion of French immersion schools since the 1980s

Question 11

When was the Lower Canada rebellion?

A) 1796
B) 1930
C) 1970
D) 1867
E) 1837

Question 12

Who described pre-Confederation Canada as "two nations warring in the bosom of a single state"?

A) John A. Macdonald
B) Lord Quebec
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Lord Durham
E) William Lyon Mackenzie

Question 13

What was recognized in the 2006 House of Commons resolution regarding the status of French Canadians?

A) Government and select other services must be provided in either official language.
B) French must be taught in public schools until grade 12 outside Quebec.
C) Quebec and New Brunswick residents form a nation within a united Canada.
D) Francophones from Manitoba, Quebec, and New Brunswick should receive specific rights.
E) The Québécois form a nation within a united Canada.

Question 14

Who wrote the classic novel about two families, one French and one English, called The Two Solitudes?

A) Robertson Davies
B) Farley Mowat
C) Margaret Atwood
D) Alice Munro
E) Hugh MacLennan

Question 15

Which of the following is recognized as part of Quebec's distinct society status?

A) The Montreal Expos
B) A unique culture
C) An English-speaking majority
D) Tuition reciprocity
E) A common law tradition

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of receptive bilinguals?

A) They yearn for their children to speak better French than they do.
B) They do not seek opportunities to live in their acquired second language.
C) They do not consume French media.
D) They respond to communications in French.
E) They do not initiate conversations in French.

Question 17

Canadian bilingualism is to a considerable degree a phenomenon in which province(s)?

A) New Brunswick
B) Quebec
C) Ontario
D) Quebec and New Brunswick
E) Quebec and Ontario

Question 18

According to Pierre Elliott Trudeau, French-Canadian nationalism was initially a system of what?

A) Self-defence
B) Self-reliance
C) Pride
D) Self-fulfillment
E) Self-assurance

Question 19

Which event left French a second-class language within Quebec, and francophones largely excluded from the colony's power structures?

A) The Conquest of 1759
B) World War II
C) The French Revolution
D) Confederation
E) The coup d'état

Question 20

Why did francophones in Canada not succumb to assimilationist pressures as they did in Louisiana after it too passed from French control?

A) Policies of the British colonial authorities in New France
B) Demography
C) The defensive posture of French-Canadian nationalism
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above

Question 21

Which idea guided traditional French-Canadian nationalism?

A) Avant garde
B) Liberté, égalité, fraternité
C) Je me souviens
D) La lutte
E) La survivance

Question 22

In Quebec, the idea of la survivance involved survival against the pressures of a dominant culture that was all except which of the following?

A) Business-oriented
B) Liberal democratic
C) Anglicizing
D) Increasingly thrifty
E) Protestant

Question 23

Which of the following is an idea expressed by exponents of traditional nationalism?

A) French Canada comprised a distinct nation, one of whose chief characteristics was the Catholic religion.
B) French Canada comprised a distinct nation, one of whose chief characteristics was the French language.
C) French Canada was defined by socio-cultural characteristics, not by the territory of Quebec.
D) French Canada had a mission to remain faithful to its roots and to resist the lure of materialistic, English, Protestant pressures.
E) All of the above

Question 24

What was one reason for which traditional nationalism came under mounting pressure during the middle of the twentieth century?

A) Its chief tenets were increasingly at odds with the social reality of Quebec.
B) Its chief tenets were increasingly at odds with the cultural reality of Quebec.
C) Its chief tenets were increasingly in keeping with the political reality of Canada at large.
D) Its chief tenets were increasingly in keeping with the economic reality of Quebec.
E) Its chief tenets were increasingly at odds with the political reality of Quebec.

Question 25

Which of the following was part of the "unholy alliance"?

A) The Catholic Church
B) The Quebec Liberal Party
C) Quebec anglophones
D) A libertarian ideological affinity
E) Liberal secularism

Question 26

Which of the following is not related to what Marcel Rioux calls the ideology of contestation and recoupment?

A) Its goal was to encourage an increase in the birth rate among Québécois.
B) It is an anti-establishment challenge.
C) It contested the monopoly traditional elites had over power in Quebec.
D) Its goal was to bring Quebec's society, economy, and government up to date.
E) Its goal became known as rattrapage.

Question 27

What was significant about the early 1960s in Quebec?

A) The election of the Liberals permitted political and social changes for the Quiet Revolution.
B) Pierre Elliott Trudeau became prime minister; he made great progress towards the recognition of official language provisions and distinct society status for Quebec in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
C) The War Measures Act was put into force.
D) The Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was signed and ratified.
E) The province was guaranteed that two seats on the Supreme Court bench would be filled by members of the Quebec bar as part of a policy of regional representation.

Question 28

In Canada's first census (1871), how many Canadians were found to have French origin?

A) One-half
B) One-tenth
C) One-fifth
D) One-third
E) One-quarter

Question 29

Why did the boundaries of la nation extend beyond Quebec to embrace French Canadians throughout Canada in traditional nationalism?

A) The nationalism movement hoped to garner national support for future constitutional negotiations and amendments, and so did not wish to exclude.
B) Catholicism and the role of the Church, neither of which stopped at the Quebec border, were important elements in the traditional nationalism.
C) Because the traditional nationalism was anti-statist, it had to be careful not to associate the Quebec state with the French-Canadian identity.
D) The traditional nationalism maintained a strong association with its roots in France, and so it could not be too focused on its location in Canada.
E) Both B and C

Question 30

What is a distinct society, according to Quebec elites who reject the "one Canada" vision?

A) A split from Canada so radical that it should not be represented in the Canadian constitution
B) An identity that mainly seeks acknowledgment by the Canadian public
C) A move away from the founding spirit of Canada
D) A fact that, while important, does not require a veto of constitutional provisions affecting Quebec
E) A corrective against the centralizing implications of the Charter

Question 31

As of the 1961 census, how many foreign-born residents of Quebec spoke only English?

A) 17 per cent
B) 25 per cent
C) 46 per cent
D) 65 per cent
E) 87 per cent

Question 32

As of the 1961 census, how many foreign-born residents of Quebec spoke English and French?

A) 17 per cent
B) 25 per cent
C) 46 per cent
D) 65 per cent
E) 87 per cent

Question 33

As of the 1961 census, how many foreign-born residents of Quebec spoke only French?

A) 17 per cent
B) 25 per cent
C) 46 per cent
D) 65 per cent
E) 87 per cent

Question 34

In 2016, approximately what percentage of the Canadian population claimed to be bilingual?

A) 1.7 per cent
B) 17.5 per cent
C) 11.5 per cent
D) 7.5 per cent
E) 21.5 per cent

Question 35

Which of the following contributed to the transformation of what Raymond Breton refers to as the "Canadian symbolic order"?

A) The national anthem
B) New stamp designs
C) Neutralizing language in the names of federal institutions
D) The Canadian flag
E) All of the above

Question 36

In 2016, a widely reported poll found that how many Quebec respondents agreed with the statement, "Ultimately, Quebec should stay in Canada"?

A) 60 per cent
B) 47 per cent
C) 38 per cent
D) 12 per cent
E) 82 per cent

Question 37

What was Quebec's share of Canada's total population in 1971?

A) 28 per cent
B) 38 per cent
C) 18 per cent
D) 48 per cent
E) 58 per cent

Question 38

What was Quebec's share of Canada's total population in 2016?

A) 53 per cent
B) 13 per cent
C) 43 per cent
D) 33 per cent
E) 23 per cent

Question 39

What was Quebec's share of House of Commons seats in 2016?

A) 43 per cent
B) 53 per cent
C) 13 per cent
D) 33 per cent
E) 23 per cent

Question 40

Which of the following proposed or contained distinct society clauses for Quebec?

A) The Calgary Declaration of 1997
B) The Meech Lake Accord
C) The 1995 Parliament Motion
D) The Charlottetown Accord
E) All of the above

Question 41

What is distinct about Quebec society according to the Meech and Charlottetown Accords and the Calgary Declaration?

A) Its religious foundations
B) Its socio-economic climate
C) Its linguistic character
D) Its cultural reality
E) Its socio-political climate

Question 42

Why does English Canada resist recognizing Quebec as a "distinct society" within Canada?

A) The potential for such a clause to undermine Charter guarantees of Rights and Freedoms in Quebec
B) Potential consequences from constitutional entrenchment
C) The potential for minority rights to suffer
D) The potential for legislative powers to be granted to Quebec that are not granted to other provinces
E) All of the above

Question 43

Why has a two-nations theory of Canada never been very popular with the English-Canadian public?

A) Distinct society status for Quebec would entitle Quebec residents to special constitutional and other legislative rights and protections not afforded to the rest of Canadians.
B) Distinct society status for Quebec would elevate Quebec's economic position vis-à-vis the other Canadian provinces and territories.
C) Distinct society status for Quebec offends against an idea of equality that objects to the notion of categories of Canadians rather than Canadians as a whole.
D) Distinct society status for Quebec would specifically entail lowering the status of English Canadians in the eyes of Canada as a whole.
E) All of the above

Question 44

What was the Quebec Liberals' 1962 campaign slogan?

A) Je me souviens
B) Liberté, égalité, fraternité
C) Vive le Québec Libre!
D) Quebec wants out!
E) Maîtres chez nous

Question 45

Who of the following was a federalist who entered federal politics through the Liberal Party in 1965?

A) Maurice Duplessis
B) Pierre Elliott Trudeau
C) Lucien Bouchard
D) Réne Lévesque
E) Jacques Parizeau

Question 46

Who of the following was not a leader of the Parti Québécois who was ideologically liberal?

A) Maurice Duplessis
B) Jacques Parizeau
C) Claude Morin
D) Réne Lévesque
E) All of the above were leaders of the Parti Québécois who were ideologically liberal.

Question 47

Which of the following is not an identified division of state-centred nationalism?

A) Disagreement over the size and function over the Quebec state
B) Disagreement over what type of leader the new Quebec state should have
C) A split between federalists and those who advocated a special status or independence for Quebec
D) A spilt among Quebec separatists on ideological lines
E) All of the above are identified divisions of state-centred nationalism.

Question 48

Which of the following was not an important consequence for language policy in Quebec?

A) The shift towards a state-centred nationalism as opposed to the traditional nationalism
B) The difference between future policies in Quebec compared to those existing in New Brunswick
C) The identification of French Canada with Quebec
D) The key institutional reforms of the Quiet Revolution
E) The ideology of rattrapage

Question 49

Which of the following is a principal feature of Quebec language policy since the passage of Bill 101?

A) Establishment of French as the sole official language in Quebec, and by proxy, for proceedings of the provincial legislature, the courts, and public administration in the province
B) The issue of access to English-language schools in Quebec
C) An increase in the use of French as a working language in Quebec
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 50

In response to the new, assertive nationalism of the Quiet Revolution, the Liberal government of Lester Pearson established which of the following?

A) Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
B) Royal Decree on the Primacy of the French Language
C) Commission on a Distinct Society
D) Royal Commission on the Status of Quebec
E) Commission on the Political and Constitutional Future of Quebec

Question 51

What year did the Bloc Québécois emerge onto the federal scene?

A) 1965
B) 1976
C) 2011
D) 1990
E) 1980

Question 52

In 2016, what percentage of New Brunswick residents identified as francophone?

A) 3.7 per cent
B) 31.4 per cent
C) 11.4 per cent
D) 23.7 per cent
E) 43.7 per cent

Question 53

In 2016, what percentage of Ontario residents identified as francophone?

A) 43.7 per cent
B) 31.4 per cent
C) 23.7 per cent
D) 3.7 per cent
E) 11.4 per cent

Question 54

In 2016, how many Vancouver residents spoke Cantonese or Mandarin at home?

A) 84,000
B) 10,000
C) 24,000
D) 2,400
E) 124,000

Question 55

What decade saw the rapid expansion of French immersion schools in Canada?

A) 2010s
B) 1950s
C) 1890s
D) 1930s
E) 1980s

Question 56

In 2016, what percentage of Newfoundland and Labrador residents identified as bilingual?

A) 4 per cent
B) 10 per cent
C) 5 per cent
D) 12 per cent
E) 8 per cent

Question 57

In 2016, what percentage of Prince Edward Island residents identified as bilingual?

A) 4.6 per cent
B) 12.6 per cent
C) 10.5 per cent
D) 8.6 per cent
E) 4.7 per cent

Question 58

In 2016, what percentage of Nova Scotia residents identified as bilingual?

A) 4.6 per cent
B) 12.6 per cent
C) 10.5 per cent
D) 8.6 per cent
E) 4.7 per cent

Question 59

In 2016, what percentage of Manitoba residents identified as bilingual?

A) 4.6 per cent
B) 12.6 per cent
C) 10.5 per cent
D) 8.6 per cent
E) 4.7 per cent

Question 60

In 2016, what percentage of Saskatchewan residents identified as bilingual?

A) 4.6 per cent
B) 12.6 per cent
C) 10.5 per cent
D) 8.6 per cent
E) 4.7 per cent

Question 61

Quebec has become less francophone since the 1960s.

Question 62

About 50 per cent of Quebecers speak French at home.

Question 63

According to the 2001 census, the francophone population in every province except Quebec and New Brunswick was older than in Canada as a whole.

Question 64

Quebec was economically, socially, and governmentally dominated by elites and the Church until the 1960s, spurring on Quebec nationalism.

Question 65

The Quiet Revolution defined the boundaries of the French Nation as the Quebec State.

Question 66

Bill 101, the Official Language Act, restricted access to English language schools in Quebec to only immigrants whose first language was English.

Question 67

The Official Languages Act gave people the right to interact with the federal government in French no matter where they were in the country.

Question 68

There are equal numbers of francophone and anglophone members in the public service.

Question 69

The majority of work in the public service is conducted in English.

Question 70

The classification of Quebec as a distinct society gives it special rights over the constitution.

Question 71

Despite more than 40 years of immersion education in Canada, the rate of functional bilingualism is still relatively low outside of Quebec, at 9.8 per cent in 2016.

Question 72

The most recent census found that the level of bilingualism among anglophones outside Quebec has increased in recent years.

Question 73

René Lévesque, the founder of the Parti Québécois, once characterized francophones outside Quebec as "dead ducks".

Question 74

The Conquest of 1759 left English a second-class language within Quebec, with anglophones largely excluded from the colony's structures of power.

Question 75

The urban population of Quebec surpassed the rural population in the 1921 census.

Question 76

Between 1926 and 1950 the number of people employed in Quebec's manufacturing sector decreased by about 220 per cent.

Question 77

The Catholic Church, anglophone capital, and the Union Nationale were known as the "unholy alliance".

Question 78

The first several years of the 1960s are considered a turning point in the history of Quebec.

Question 79

Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Jean Marchand, and Gérard Pelletier entered federal politics through the Progressive Conservative Party in 1965.

Question 80

Translated into English, the provincial Liberals' 1962 campaign slogan was "masters in our own house".