Question 1

If I wanted to know the middle data point from my dataset, what type of measure of central tendency would this be?&#10;A) Mean&#10;B) Median&#10;C) Mode&#10;D) Standard deviation

Accepted Answer

The median is the measure of central tendency that represents the middle data point in a dataset when the numbers are arranged in order.

Question 2

What is meant by the term 'standard deviation'?&#10;A) It refers to how frequently a particular score is present in a dataset.&#10;B) It refers to the number of responses that lie 25% above and below the mean of the dataset.&#10;C) It refers to the maximum range of scores in the dataset.&#10;D) It refers to the amount of variation in the scores around the mean.

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. It quantifies how much the numbers in a dataset deviate from the mean (average) of the dataset.

Question 3

Which of the following is a type I error?&#10;A) When you find an effect in your sample that exists in the real-world population&#10;B) When you do not find an effect in your sample that doesn't exist in the real-world population&#10;C) When you find an effect in your sample that doesn't exist in the real-world population&#10;D) When you do not find an effect in your sample that does exist in the real-world population

Accepted Answer

A type I error occurs when you incorrectly reject the null hypothesis, meaning you find an effect in your sample that doesn't actually exist in the population.

Question 4

In Psychology, what is the commonly accepted alpha level to determine whether an effect is significant?&#10;A) 050&#10;B) .005&#10;C) .010&#10;D) .500

Accepted Answer

The commonly accepted alpha level in psychology to determine whether an effect is significant is .05, indicating a 5% chance of committing a Type I error, where a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected.

Question 5

In an experiment, what can affect the p value of our inferential statistics?&#10;A) The means of the group scores&#10;B) The sample size&#10;C) All of the other options&#10;D) The standard deviation of the group scores

Accepted Answer

The p-value in inferential statistics can be affected by various factors including the means of the group scores, the sample size, and the standard deviation of the group scores. These elements influence the statistical power and the likelihood of detecting a true effect if there is one.

Question 6

Which one of the following is not an assumption of a parametric analysis?&#10;A) Data is normally distributed.&#10;B) There is the same number of participants in each group.&#10;C) The data collected is either interval or ratio data.&#10;D) The variance in the dataset is similar between all conditions (homogeneity of variance).

Accepted Answer

Parametric analysis does not require that there be the same number of participants in each group. It primarily assumes normal distribution of data, interval or ratio scale of measurement, and homogeneity of variance among groups.

Question 7

What is meant by a positively skewed dataset?&#10;A) The distribution of scores shows a tail of extreme scores at the higher end of the dataset.&#10;B) The distribution of scores shows a tail of extreme scores at the lower end of the dataset.&#10;C) The distribution of scores is relatively flat across the entire dataset.&#10;D) The distribution of scores is heavily concentrated around the centre of the dataset.

Accepted Answer

A positively skewed dataset, also known as right-skewed, means that the tail of the distribution extends towards the higher end of the scale, indicating a concentration of values at the lower end but with some extreme higher values.

Question 8

What does a p value of .043 indicate?&#10;A) The finding is significant, and there is 4.3% chance of having made a type II error.&#10;B) The finding is not significant, and there is a 4.3% chance of having made a type I error.&#10;C) The finding is not significant, and there is a 4.3% chance of having made a type II error.&#10;D) The finding is significant, and there is a 4.3% chance of having made a type I error.

Accepted Answer

A p-value of .043 indicates that there is a 4.3% chance of having made a Type I error, assuming the null hypothesis is true. This means there is a 4.3% probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis, suggesting the finding is significant if the significance level was set at 0.05 or higher.

Question 9

In an ideal dataset you would want your data to have&#8230;&#10;A) a large amount of both within group and between group variance.&#10;B) a large amount of between group variance, and little within group variance.&#10;C) a large amount of within group variance, and little between group variance.&#10;D) a small amount of both within group and between group variance.

Accepted Answer

For an ideal dataset, especially in the context of comparing groups or conducting experiments, you want a large amount of between-group variance to clearly see differences between groups, and little within-group variance to ensure that members of the same group are similar to each other. This combination enhances the ability to detect true effects or differences between groups.

Deck 3: Analysing Data for Psychological Research