Deck 32: Humanitarian Intervention in World Politics

Question 1

As adopted by governments, the 'responsibility to protect' authorizes the use of force to prevent one of the 'four crimes', even if such action has not been authorized by the UN Security Council.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Vietnam cited self-defence as a rationale for its 1978 intervention in Cambodia, illustrating the more general point made by restrictionist international lawyers that when states have acted unilaterally, they have chosen not to articulate a general legal right of humanitarian intervention.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Counter-restrictionists argue that the prohibition of the use of force in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter renders forcible humanitarian intervention illegal.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

NATO's intervention in Kosovo in 1999 was not sanctioned by the Security Council.

Question 5

A number of countries, such as Russia, India, and China, have argued that armed responses to genocide and mass atrocities should never result in regime change.

Question 6

Restrictionist international lawyers insist that the common good is best preserved by___.

A) international law
B) military force
C) maintaining a ban of any use of force not authorized by the UN Security Council
D) international law enforced by UN peacekeepers

Question 7

What is the name for those who argue that there is a legal right of unilateral and collective humanitarian intervention?

A) Solidarists
B) Restrictionists
C) Interventionists
D) Counter-restrictionists

Question 8

The doctrine of 'responsibility to protect' _____.

A) was unanimously endorsed by world leaders at the 2005 UN World Summit
B) is an outdated concept
C) represents a strong new norm for humanitarian intervention in every circumstance
D) emerged from a precedent of cold war intervention

Question 9

What is the name of the theory which focuses on the question of how states reach consensus on the moral principles underpinning intervention and which objects to intervention in the absence of consensus?

A) Realism
B) Neo-liberalism
C) Solidarism
D) Pluralism

Question 10

________ refers to an objection to humanitarian intervention on the grounds that states might espouse humanitarian motives as a pretext to cover the pursuit of national self-interest, in the absence of an impartial mechanism for deciding when humanitarian intervention is permissible.

A) Disagreement about moral principles
B) The problem of abuse
C) Selectivity of response
D) None of the answers given are correct.

Question 11

What was the impact of the emergence of the human security approach?

A) It broadened the range of things that constitute a security threat to include poverty, human rights abuses, civil war, etc.
B) It drew attention to the state not only as a source of security, but also as one of the main sources of threat.
C) It raised important moral, legal, and practical questions about whether states should lose their sovereign rights when they systematically abuse their populations.
D) All of the options given are correct.

Question 12

Which intervention is cited in this chapter as the classic example of abuse?

A) Hitler's argument that it was necessary to invade Czechoslovakia to protect the 'life and liberty' of that country's German population.
B) US, British, French, and Dutch intervention in Iraqi Kurdistan (1991).
C) US intervention in Somalia (1992).
D) NATO intervention in Kosovo (1999).

Question 13

Which organization first articulated the concept of the 'responsibility to protect'?

A) The UN Security Council
B) The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
C) The Human Rights Council
D) The UN General Assembly

Question 14

Which pillar of 'responsibility to protect' states that the primary responsibility of the state is to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and from their incitement?

A) Pillar 1
B) Pillar 2
C) Pillar 3
D) Pillars 1 and 2