Question 1

The inter-war period of 1919-39 is often referred to as the 'idealist moment'.

Accepted Answer

The inter-war period of 1919-39 is often referred to as the 'idealist moment' in international relations because it was a time when there was a significant push towards internationalism, the establishment of the League of Nations, and a collective desire to prevent future conflicts through diplomacy and international cooperation, reflecting idealist principles.

Question 2

The First World War shifted liberal thinking toward a recognition that peace is not a natural condition but is one that must be constructed.

Accepted Answer

The devastation and massive scale of conflict during the First World War led many liberal thinkers to reconsider their previous assumptions about the naturalness of peace. They began to understand that peace requires active construction and maintenance through international cooperation and institutions.

Question 3

Immanuel Kant was an early claimant that liberal states are pacific in their international relations with other liberal states.

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant, in his essay "Perpetual Peace" (1795), argued that republican (which can be equated with liberal in this context) states are inherently peaceful in their relations with each other, laying an early foundation for what would later be known as the democratic peace theory.

Question 4

The Gulf War (1990-1) has been used as an example of collective security.

Accepted Answer

The Gulf War (1990-1) is often cited as an example of collective security because it saw a coalition of nations, led by the United States under the auspices of the United Nations, come together to repel Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, thereby enforcing international law and the principle of collective defense.

Question 5

Which of the following is currently offered as evidence of the demise of liberal internationalism?&#10;A) Recurring crises and disagreements in the multilateral institutions designed to provide governance over security, trade, and finance, which have demonstrated that cooperation is harder to achieve and to sustain than liberals assumed.&#10;B) The on-going violence in the Middle East and Africa.&#10;C) Continued unrest triggered by global economic inequalities.&#10;D) All of the given answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

All the options provided reflect challenges and evidence that question the effectiveness and sustainability of liberal internationalism. These include difficulties in achieving cooperation in multilateral institutions (A), ongoing violence and unrest in various regions (B and C), which highlight the limitations of liberal internationalism in addressing global issues comprehensively.

Question 6

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, intellectuals in Washington and London advocated for a new liberal imperialism as a way of managing the security problem posed by failed and collapsing states.

Accepted Answer

In the early 2000s, following the events of 9/11 and the subsequent interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq, there was indeed a discourse among some intellectuals and policymakers in Washington and London advocating for what they termed a "new liberal imperialism" or "liberal interventionism." This approach was seen as a way to address the security threats posed by failed and collapsing states by promoting democracy and liberal values, under the belief that such states were breeding grounds for terrorism and instability.

Question 7

____________ was a social reformer domestically and an imperialist internationally.&#10;A) J. S. Mill.&#10;B) Jeremy Bentham.&#10;C) Immanuel Kant.&#10;D) Michael Doyle.

Accepted Answer

J. S. Mill was known for his work on social reform, advocating for issues such as women's rights and freedom of speech domestically. Internationally, however, he supported the British Empire's expansion, believing it could bring progress to less developed societies.

Question 8

What does Stanley Hoffman list as the 'essence of Liberalism'?&#10;A) 'Self-restraint, moderation, compromise and peace'.&#10;B) 'Freedom, equality, compromise and peace'.&#10;C) 'Self-restraint, justice, equality and peace'.&#10;D) 'Freedom, moderation, justice and peace'.

Accepted Answer

Stanley Hoffman describes the essence of Liberalism as 'self-restraint, moderation, compromise and peace'.

Question 9

The writings of Bentham and Kant contain the seeds of core liberal ideas, particularly that&#8230;&#10;A) Nations can get along.&#10;B) Wealth is the best means to bring about justice.&#10;C) Justice breeds freedom.&#10;D) Reason can deliver freedom and justice in international relations.

Accepted Answer

Bentham and Kant emphasized the role of reason and rationality in achieving freedom and justice, particularly in the context of international relations, aligning with core liberal ideas.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a definitive article of Kant's 'Perpetual Peace'?&#10;A) The Civil Constitution of Every State shall be Republican.&#10;B) The Democratic Franchise shall be extended to each Citizen Equally.&#10;C) The Right of Nations shall be based on a Federation of Free States.&#10;D) Cosmopolitan Right shall be limited to Conditions of Universal Hospitality.

Accepted Answer

Kant's 'Perpetual Peace' outlines definitive articles for achieving peace, but it does not specifically mention extending the democratic franchise to each citizen equally as a definitive article. The other options (A, C, D) are directly related to Kant's principles for achieving perpetual peace.

Question 11

Each of the following statements supports the argument that liberal internationalist governments have a responsibility to protect other people from atrocity crimes, except&#8230;&#10;A) Since the mid-seventeenth century, influential legal philosophers have argued that states have a duty to protect non-citizens in danger of persecution and mass killings.&#10;B) A normative consensus exists.&#10;C) The UN Security Council's resolutions during the Syria crisis demonstrate its embrace of this principle.&#10;D) The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) framework was codified at the 2005 World Summit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the following statements supports the...

Question 12

What was the primary organ of the Idealist inter-war order?&#10;A) The League of Nations.&#10;B) The United Nations.&#10;C) The Concert of Europe.&#10;D) The hegemonic influence of the United States.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the primary organ of the...

Question 13

Who declared that the 1990-1 Gulf War was about 'a new world order' that would involve the 'peaceful settlement of disputes' and 'solidarity against aggression'?&#10;A) President George W. Bush.&#10;B) Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.&#10;C) Prime Minister Tony Blair.&#10;D) President George H. W. Bush.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who declared that the 1990-1 Gulf War...

Question 14

Liberal internationalism 3.0, which is associated with the post-1945 period, is in crisis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liberal internationalism 3.0, which is associated with...

Deck 6: Liberal Internationalism