Deck 16: Stress in Organizations

Question 1

Potential stressors are present in which of the following environments?

A) Nonwork environment.
B) Work environment.
C) Social, economic, and cultural environments.
D) Each listed environment has stressors.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is a condition for stress to occur?

A) Something blocks a person's efforts to reach a goal.
B) An opportunity arises to get something that is positively valued.
C) Something in the environment presents excessive demands.
D) Each answer describes a condition for stress to occur.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not associated with dysfunctional stress in organizations?

A) High turnover.
B) Increased productivity.
C) High absenteeism.
D) Poor decisions.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not a stage in the general adaptation syndrome model?

A) Eustress.
B) Alarm.
C) Exhaustion.
D) Resistance.

Question 5

According to the general adaptation syndrome model, the stage in which the body tries to return to a normal state by adapting to the stressor is

A) Alarm.
B) Resistance.
C) Exhaustion.
D) No answers are correct.

Question 6

According to the general adaptation syndrome model, the stage in which the body prepares to fight or adjust to a stressor is

A) Alarm.
B) Resistance.
C) Exhaustion.
D) Distress.

Question 7

In the general adaptation syndrome model, stress-related illness can occur during which of the following stages?

A) Alarm.
B) Resistance.
C) Exhaustion.
D) Eustress.

Question 8

According to the psychological demands and decision latitude model of stress, stress occurs under conditions of

A) High psychological demand and high decision latitude.
B) High psychological demand and low decision latitude.
C) Low psychological demand and high decision latitude.
D) Low psychological demand and low decision latitude.

Question 9

According to the psychological demands and decision latitude model of stress, the least stress occurs under conditions of

A) High psychological demand and high decision latitude.
B) High psychological demand and low decision latitude.
C) Low psychological demand and high decision latitude.
D) Low psychological demand and low decision latitude.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the job demands and decision latitude constructs in the psychological demands and decision latitude model of stress?

A) The job demands in the model are psychological demands not physical demands.
B) Job demands include the amount of work, work pace, and conflicting work requirements.
C) Job decision latitude consists of a worker's decision authority and the different skills used on the job.
D) Each answer is true about job demands and decision latitude constructs.

Question 11

Which of the following is false about the job demands and decision latitude constructs in the psychological demands and decision latitude model of stress?

A) The job demands in the model are psychological demands not physical demands.
B) Job demands include the amount of work, work pace, and conflicting work requirements.
C) Job decision latitude consists of a worker's decision authority and the different skills used on the job.
D) A person will feel little anxiety about keeping up the work pace and getting work done on time.

Question 12

According to the integrated model of stress, which of the following does not moderate the relationship between stressors and a behavioral response?

A) Diet.
B) Family health history.
C) Physical fitness.
D) Aspects of the job.

Question 13

In the integrated model of stress, for which of the following relationships will moderators (e.g., personality, skill and abilities, diet) play a role?

A) Stressors→perceived stress.
B) Perceived stress→stress response.
C) Stress response→behavioral response.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a work stressor?

A) Deadlines.
B) Job security.
C) Dual-career issues.
D) Work overload.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is false about the stress response?

A) Physiological changes prepare the body to face a stressor.
B) Physiological responses to stressors vary widely from person to person.
C) Psychological responses to stressors can be positive or negative.
D) The physiological reaction to a stressor happens fast.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a psychological result of distress?

A) Disturbed sleep patterns.
B) Anxiety.
C) Depression.
D) Alienation.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about the physiological stress response?

A) Secreted hormones increase fatty acid and glucose levels in the bloodstream.
B) Heart rate and blood pressure rise as the heart pumps more blood to the brain and muscles.
C) Breathing rate increases as the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system ready the body to face the stressor.
D) Each answer is a true statement about the physiological stress response.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false about the psychological stress response?

A) The general psychological response includes apprehension and increased alertness.
B) A positive response includes feelings of excitement and opportunity.
C) People do not vary in their psychological response to perceived stress.
D) A negative response includes feelings of fear and threat.

Question 19

Results of a distress response occur when which of the following happens?

A) A person chooses the incorrect behavior to manage the stress.
B) A person is predisposed to experience stress.
C) A person has not built a resilience to common stressors.
D) A distress response can occur when the event in each answer happens.

Question 20

Personality hardiness is a personality type described by all the following dimensions except

A) Challenge versus threat.
B) Acceptance versus rejection.
C) Commitment versus alienation.
D) Control versus powerlessness.

Question 21

People with low hardiness personalities are characterized by which of the following?

A) Alienation, control, threat.
B) Commitment, control, challenge.
C) Alienation, powerlessness, threat.
D) Alienation, powerlessness, challenge.

Question 22

People with high hardiness personalities are characterized by which of the following?

A) Alienation, control, threat.
B) Commitment, control, challenge.
C) Alienation, powerlessness, threat.
D) Alienation, powerlessness, challenge.

Question 23

An employee with a low hardiness personality who experiences high work overload would probably have which of the following responses?

A) Quit the job.
B) Learn relaxation techniques.
C) Discuss the matter with a supervisor.
D) Try to increase job skills.

Question 24

An employee with a high hardiness personality who experiences role conflict from her work role, her demands as a mother, and expectations from her volunteer charity committee would likely do which of the following?

A) Resign from the parent teacher association.
B) Become depressed.
C) Enroll in a time management course.
D) Ask her boss for some time off.

Question 25

The personality type with the greatest risk of stress-related illness is

A) High hardiness, Type
B) High hardiness, Type
C) Low hardiness, Type
D) Low hardiness, Type

Question 26

Which of the following is not a Type A personality characteristic?

A) Aggressive.
B) Focused on achievement.
C) Even-tempered.
D) Sense of time urgency.

Question 27

Which of the following is a Type B personality characteristic?

A) High self-esteem.
B) Hostile.
C) Do multiple tasks.
D) Move quickly.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is false?

A) A person experienced with a stressor will have less distress than a person without such experience.
B) Family medical histories of hypertension increase the chance of experiencing the ill effects of stress.
C) A physically fit person is less likely to feel the harmful effects of distress than a person who is less fit.
D) A person's age has no effect on response to stressors.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true about coping responses to a stressor?

A) Problem-focused coping changes the reason a stressor exists.
B) A coping response changes the stressor or how the person interprets it.
C) Emotion-focused coping changes one's perception or interpretation of a stressor.
D) All answers are true.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is false about types of coping responses?

A) Distancing uses aggressive efforts to change a situation.
B) A self-control response tries to manage one's actions and feelings.
C) Positive reappraisal lets a person focus on personal improvements from addressing the situation.
D) Planful problem-solving coping includes efforts to improve a stressful situation.

Question 31

Burnout has all the following characteristics except

A) It usually affects people in jobs with high levels of interpersonal interaction.
B) It usually affects people in jobs that require helping others.
C) Those most affected by burnout have many interests away from work.
D) Those most affected by burnout derive a major part of their self-esteem from work.

Question 32

Which of the following occupational categories is most likely affected by burnout?

A) Forest rangers.
B) Laboratory technicians.
C) Nurses.
D) Research physicists.

Question 33

Which of the following occupations is least likely affected by burnout?

A) Nurses
B) Social workers
C) Customer service representatives
D) Forest rangers

Question 34

Which of the following is an effect of burnout?

A) Increased use of drugs.
B) Negative work attitudes.
C) Increased absenteeism.
D) Each answer describes a burnout effect.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a stress management strategy?

A) Stress reduction.
B) Stress recuperation.
C) Stress recovery.
D) Stress resilience.

Question 36

Which of the following stress management strategies tries to decrease the number of stressors affecting a person?

A) Stress reduction.
B) Stress recuperation.
C) Stress recovery.
D) Stress resilience.

Question 37

Which of the following stress management strategies can help increase a person's ability to endure stressful events?

A) Stress reduction.
B) Stress recuperation.
C) Stress recovery.
D) Stress resilience.

Question 38

Which of the following stress management strategies helps a person bounce back from stress with methods that are not physically harmful?

A) Stress reduction.
B) Stress recuperation.
C) Stress resilience.
D) No answer lists a stress management strategy that helps a person recover from stress.

Question 39

A manager who delegates certain tasks to subordinates when he or she is feeling stressed is using which of the following stress management strategies?

A) Stress recuperation.
B) Stress reduction.
C) Stress resilience.
D) No answer lists a stress management strategy.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a stress reduction strategy?

A) Psychological withdrawal.
B) Time management.
C) Leaving the situation.
D) Exercise.

Question 41

Which of the following is an individual stress recuperation strategy?

A) Rest.
B) Diversion.
C) A balanced work-nonwork lifestyle.
D) Each answer lists an individual stress recuperation strategy.

Question 42

Which of the following is not an individual stress resilience strategy of stress management?

A) Exercise.
B) Relaxation.
C) Diet.
D) Weight control.

Question 43

Which of the following is not an individual stress recuperation strategy of stress management?

A) Exercise.
B) Diversion.
C) Psychological withdrawal.
D) Meditation.

Question 44

Which of the following is an organizational strategy for stress reduction?

A) Job design.
B) Training programs.
C) Organizational design.
D) Each answer is an organizational strategy for stress reduction.

Question 45

Which of the following is not an organizational stress reduction strategy?

A) Organizational centralization.
B) Flexible work schedules.
C) Physical working conditions.
D) Time management training.

Question 46

Which of the following is an organizational strategy for stress resilience?

A) On-site exercise center.
B) Trained instructors who design exercise programs for stress resilience.
C) Low-fat and low-sodium food in the company cafeteria.
D) Each answer is an organizational strategy for stress reduction.

Question 47

Which of the following is an organizational strategy for stress recuperation?

A) Aerobic exercise at an on-site exercise center before leaving for the day.
B) Relaxation training workshops.
C) Employee assistance and counseling programs.
D) Each answer is an organizational strategy for stress reduction.

Question 48

Which of the following is false about working in another country?

A) The longer the stay in another country, the more stressful.
B) Culture shock can be particularly stressful for an expatriate's spouse or partner.
C) The effects of culture shock do not diminish over time.
D) Relocation of an entire family contributes to the stress of an overseas assignment.

Question 49

Which of the following are ethical issues that one could raise about stress in organizations?

A) The physical environment can present many stressors.
B) Organizations can consider giving career counseling as a means of stress management, if there is poor person-environment fit.
C) Organizations can give accurate information about the organization before hiring potential employees.
D) All answers are ethical issues.

Question 50

Stressors are objects or events in a person's physical and social environment that cause a stress response.

Question 51

For individuals, dysfunctional stress is associated with the abuse of alcohol or other drugs and increased cardiac risk.

Question 52

Stress always has a negative effect on people.

Question 53

Stress can occur when a person has a chance to get something valued.

Question 54

Some stress is necessary to get people to work at levels needed by many organizations.

Question 55

Dysfunctional stress is associated with reduced productivity and poor decisions.

Question 56

People generally respond to stressors in their environment in the same way.

Question 57

Eustress is the dysfunctional result of stress.

Question 58

The job demands construct in the psychological demands and decision latitude model includes the amount of work, work pace, and conflicting work requirements.

Question 59

Job demands in the model are psychological demands, not physical demands.

Question 60

A person can feel little anxiety about keeping up the work pace and getting work done on time.

Question 61

The job decision latitude construct in the psychological demands and decision latitude model consists of a worker's decision authority and the different skills used on the job.

Question 62

The physiological stress response is about the same for all people.

Question 63

The psychological stress response is about the same for all people.

Question 64

Women and men experience the same types and degrees of stress.

Question 65

Variations in stress responses are not related to a person's skills and abilities or their experiences with the stressful events.

Question 66

Stressful life events probably do not lead directly to physical disorders such as stroke and heart disease. Stressors likely intertwine in complex ways with other parts of a person's lifestyle.

Question 67

One person's source of distress can be another person's source of eustress.

Question 68

Stressful life events lead directly to the physical disorders associated with stress.

Question 69

A person uses a problem-focused coping response, if she or he decides to fix a stressful situation.

Question 70

A person uses a problem-focused coping response such as planful problem solving, if she or he decides to fix a stressful situation.

Question 71

A person uses an emotion-focused coping response such as escape-avoidance, if she or he cannot affect a stressful situation.

Question 72

High hardiness personality types try to escape from stressors, not change them.

Question 73

A Type A personality is more likely to experience distress than a Type B personality.

Question 74

Type B personalities are more likely than Type As to see events as threats.

Question 75

Workers who experience burnout derive a major part of their self-esteem from work.

Question 76

People who experience burnout often have low performance standards for themselves.

Question 77

A forest ranger is not likely to experience burnout.

Question 78

Planning is a stress recuperation strategy.

Question 79

Time management is a stress reduction strategy.

Question 80

Stress management tries to maintain optimal levels of stress.