Deck 11: Behavioral Process of Leading

Question 1

According to the definitions of a leader outlined in the text, all of the following are applicable leadership qualities except:

A) Maintain the group and organizational culture
B) Enhance members' satisfaction
C) Ensure members' fulfill requirements of the organization
D) Increase members' capacity for production
E) Define managerial objectives

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Leadership embodies all of the following significant elements except:

A) It is interpersonal in nature
B) It is a cognitive process
C) It is a behavioral process
D) It mean influencing and motivating members
E) It emphasizes what a leader does rather than what a leader is

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Yukl and associates proposed twelve leadership behaviors and grouped them into three meta categories. Which of the following is not one of those categories?

A) Task oriented behaviors
B) Relations oriented behaviors
C) Change oriented behaviors
D) Cognitive oriented behaviors
E) All of the above are correct

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A weekly meeting to discuss general organizational goals and familiarity with new services that the organization will be offering is an example of which of the following?

A) Support
B) Interaction facilitation
C) Goal emphasis
D) Work facilitation
E) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following refers to the degree to which the situation permits the exercise of influence by the leader?

A) Leadership style
B) Position power
C) Leader-member relations
D) Situational favorableness
E) Task structure

Question 6

A leader who is unable to influence his or her organizational members is an example of which of the following?

A) Leadership style
B) Position power
C) Leader-member relations
D) Situational favorableness
E) Task structure

Question 7

The task and relations oriented behaviors in Yukl's research are similar to which of the following in The Ohio State University research studies?

A) Initiating structure
B) Position power
C) Consideration
D) Situational favorableness
E) Both A and C

Question 8

Although she is not the manager, everyone in Mayen's department looks to her for leadership. This is an example of which of the following?

A) Charismatic leadership
B) Organizational leadership
C) Formal leadership
D) Informal leadership
E) None of the above

Question 9

The desire to do something better or more efficiently than it has been done before is an example of which of the following?

A) Need for affiliation
B) Need for power
C) Need for interaction
D) Need for motivation
E) Need for achievement

Question 10

When Salvatore, the manager of a restaurant, allows several employees to leave twenty minutes early so they can catch the beginning of a ball game, this is most likely which of the following?

A) Need for affiliation
B) Need for power
C) Need for interaction
D) Need for motivation
E) Need for achievement

Question 11

Which of the following theories assumes that leadership style is not a stable disposition and may be changed?

A) Contingency theory
B) Path-goal theory
C) Adaptive-reactive theory
D) Ohio State theory
E) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following theories suggests that the leader and management be treated separately?

A) Contingency theory
B) Path-goal theory
C) Adaptive-reactive theory
D) Ohio State theory
E) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following theories suggests that a leader surround herself with persons who like and respect her?

A) Contingency theory
B) Path-goal theory
C) Adaptive-reactive theory
D) Ohio State theory
E) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following theories suggests that only a person with certain qualities will be successful as a leader?

A) Contingency theory
B) Path-goal theory
C) Adaptive-reactive theory
D) Ohio State theory
E) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is the leadership approach that deals with a leader's traits or behaviors in a specific context?

A) The trait approach
B) The behavioral approach
C) The situational approach
D) The technical approach
E) The power approach

Question 16

All definitions of leadership emphasize that it is an intellectual process aimed at instigating members.

Question 17

The notion of influencing others is a significant component of leadership.

Question 18

Initiating structure is defined as leader behavior that reflects the leader's concern for the organization's members.

Question 19

The Ohio State University and Michigan studies fall under the trait approach theories.

Question 20

The behavioral approach to leadership stems from a need for the deeper understanding of the traits that all quality leaders share.

Question 21

The four-dimensional description of leader behavior proposed by the Michigan studies included support, interaction, goal emphasis, and work facilitation.

Question 22

Situational favorableness in the contingency model of leadership is defined by leader-member relations, task structure, and power position of the leader.

Question 23

All trait theorists specify under what circumstances a given trait or behavior would lead to group performance.

Question 24

With regard to an open system perspective to leadership, we can say that the leadership system consists of the leader, the members, and the organizational context in which they operate.

Question 25

All theorists believe personality, rather than situational constraints or behavior preferred by members, is the most influential factor in determining the actual behavior of a leader.

Question 26

Leadership style refers to the tendency of an individual to emphasize task accomplishment or interpersonal relations in a task situation.

Question 27

McClelland's research showed that task-oriented leaders were more effective in situations that were very high or very low in favorableness.

Question 28

According to McClelland, the manager who wants to influence an organization's members to perform well in their jobs should include those members in making decisions that affect themselves and their jobs.

Question 29

All leaders are engaged in making decisions about critical issues.

Question 30

The path-goal theory of leader effectiveness focuses on members and their personal attributes.

Question 31

Leadership is most necessary when there is a lack of motivation in the organizational context in which the members operate.

Question 32

Contingency theory argues that managers must consider the environment and situation when applying the universal principles of leadership.

Question 33

Adaptive-reactive theory argues that the organizational system has an impact on both the leader and members and therefore must be treated as equal classes of contingency variables.

Question 34

Situational favorableness reflects the degree to which the situation permits or facilitates the exercise of influence by the members.

Question 35

___________________ is the behavioral process of influencing individuals or groups toward set goals.

Question 36

___________________ is a significant component of leadership.

Question 37

___________________ is defined as leader behavior that reflects a leader's concern for members' well-being, as well as a concern for warm and friendly relations within the group.

Question 38

___________________ is defined as leader behavior that reflects a leader's concern for clarifying the roles for both the leader and the organization's members, as well as a concern for effective performance of the group's tasks.

Question 39

___________________ reflects the degree to which the leader is concerned with the technical aspects of the job.

Question 40

The four dimensions of leader behavior are: (a) _______________, (b) _________________, (c) ________________, and (d) __________________.

Question 41

In Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness, a leader's style is dichotomized into (a) ____________________ and (b) __________________________.

Question 42

Fiedler's contingency model's primary focus was on the __________________.

Question 43

In Fiedler's model, LPC stands for __________________________.

Question 44

In Fiedler's model, ___________________ reflects the degree to which the situation permits or facilitates the exercise of influence by the leader.

Question 45

According to Fiedler, the three elements in a situation that affect its favorableness are: (a) ____________________, (b) ____________________ and (c) ____________________.

Question 46

____________ ___________ reflects the authority invested in the leader's position and the degree of control he or she has over rewards and sanctions.

Question 47

Fiedler's research showed that task-oriented leaders were more effective in situations that were very _____________ or very _____________ in favorableness.

Question 48

McClelland's major contribution to research on ________________________ was to show that the needs for affiliation, achievement, and power have specific relevance to organizational context.

Question 49

The major contribution of McClelland and his associates to research on managerial motivation was in showing that the needs for (a) ____________________, (b) ____________________, and (c) ____________________ have specific relevance to the organizational context.

Question 50

The desire to be liked by a particular group of individuals relates to the need for ____________________.

Question 51

The need for____________________ is the desire to do something better or more efficiently that it has been done before.

Question 52

The general manager of a professional baseball team needs to be high on the need for ____________________ so he can more effectively influence his subordinates.

Question 53

House's path-goal theory of leadership focuses primarily on the ____________________.

Question 54

The ____________________ theory of leadership focuses on members' personal goals and their perceptions of the organizational goals.

Question 55

The ____________________ theory of leadership is based largely on the expectancy theory of individual motivation.

Question 56

____________________ is leader behavior that serves to clarify for members what is expected.

Question 57

A leader is said to exhibit ____________________ behavior if he or she includes the organizational members in the decision-making process.

Question 58

____________________ behavior is leader behavior that expects quality performance from the organizational members.

Question 59

In Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory, the primary focus is on the ____________________.

Question 60

Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory of leadership includes two sets of variables in the organizational system: (a)____________________ and (b) ____________________.

Question 61

In Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory, the____________________ variables include unit size, level of technology, and formal structure of the organization.

Question 62

Osborn and Hunt (1975) dichotomized leader behavior into _______________ and _______________ behavior.

Question 63

In Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory, the ____________________ variables include the task itself and differences among individual members.

Question 64

The most important postulate of Osborn and Hunt's (1975) theory is that the reactive behaviors reflect the ____________________ exercised by the leader.

Question 65

The ____________________ is the rules and procedure laid down; other organizational practices serve to determine the need for and the effects of a leader's behavior.

Question 66

____________________ power stems from the liking and admiration other people have for that person.

Question 67

____________________reflects the concern of the leader for the welfare of the members and for a warm and friendly environment in the workplace.

Question 68

____________________measures the extent to which a leader consults with subordinates and otherwise allows them to influence his or her decisions.

Question 69

Chelladurai and his associates found that athletes in Canadian universities preferred their coaches to be relatively more __________ than __________ in decision making.