Question 1

What defines an &#34;autocoup&#34;?&#10;A) When a planned millitary coup is set to take place if the president go forward with a decision opposed by the high command&#10;B) When a sitting president uses the military backing to close Congress and the Courts and assumes dictatorial power&#10;C) When miltiary vehicales surround the presidential palace and demand the president surrender to be transported abroad&#10;D) When the military makes a coup against an existing military government

Accepted Answer

An "autocoup" refers to a situation where a sitting president, with the support of the military, dissolves or sidelines other branches of government like the Congress and the Courts, and consolidates power, effectively assuming dictatorial control.

Question 2

Which statement seems most true of military rulers and governments?&#10;A) Military governments generally monopolize government offices, relying on their own personnel, not civilians&#10;B) Military governments always govern from the right, not the left or center&#10;C) After returning government to civilians, the military loses just about all its political influence&#10;D) Most often, after taking power military juntas and leaders find they need capable civilians to help them in governing

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT a factor in the rise of Sendero Luminoso in Peru?&#10;A) The movement adopted a Maolist strategy that envisioned rural peasants as more likely base for revolution than urban workers&#10;B) The group carefully avoided violence against peasant communities, in contrast to the army's scorched earther tactics&#10;C) The charismatic leader of Sendero drew upon centuries of resentment at the suppression of the Inca civilization and subseqeunt represssion&#10;D) The international narcotics trade enhanced the ability of the guerrillas to finance their rebellion

Accepted Answer

Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) did not avoid violence against peasant communities; in fact, it was known for its brutal tactics against those it perceived as enemies, including peasants who opposed its ideology or methods. This approach was in stark contrast to its initial strategy of mobilizing rural peasants for revolution.

Question 4

&#34;La Violencia&#34; occurred in which Andean nation?&#10;A) Ecuador&#10;B) Bolivia&#10;C) Peru&#10;D) Colombia

Accepted Answer

"La Violencia" was a period of intense national conflict in Colombia, lasting from 1948 to 1958, characterized by widespread violence between liberal and conservative factions.

Question 5

What most distinguishes Costa Rican politics since the 1948 Revolution?&#10;A) The country has been run by a tightly knit oligarchy&#10;B) It is the only theocratic state in Latin America&#10;C) It has no army&#10;D) Indigenous people occupy most important political positions

Accepted Answer

Costa Rica is distinguished by its lack of a standing army, which was abolished in 1948 following the civil war. This decision reflects the country's commitment to peace and stability, setting it apart from many other nations.

Question 6

The &#34;moderator&#34; role for the militlary refers to:&#10;A) When the miltiary undertakes a coup and seeks to create conditions for rapidly returning control to civilians&#10;B) When the military takes responsibility for introducing unpopular policies that politicians refuse to enact&#10;C) When the military takes on important economic functions&#10;D) When the military creates a bureaucratic authoritarian regime

Accepted Answer

The "moderator" role refers to situations where the military intervenes in politics, typically through a coup, with the stated aim of stabilizing the country and returning control to civilian authorities as soon as feasible. This contrasts with roles where the military seeks to govern directly or influence policy for longer terms.

Question 7

What must accurately describes relations between the miltiary and Indigenous movements in Ecuador?&#10;A) The Ecuadoran military has carried out a bloody war of extermination against several Indigenous groups.&#10;B) The military high command now consists mostly of Indigenous officers.&#10;C) Indigenous groups have sometimes allied with disgruntled military officers to press their demands&#10;D) Tensions have arisen between the miltiary and Indigenous groups due to forced recruitment in rural villages

Accepted Answer

Indigenous groups in Ecuador have occasionally formed alliances with discontented military officers to advance their political and social demands. This reflects a strategic approach to leverage military discontent for broader societal change, rather than direct confrontation or integration into the military structure.

Question 8

The origins and character of FARC, as described in Chapter 10 is:&#10;A) It is a terrorist organization that has never had any popular support or program&#10;B) As a guerrilla organization, the FARC has to respect local population's to survive in the countryside&#10;C) It is a guerilla organization with popular roots but one that has engaged in terrorist tactics and drug trafficiking&#10;D) It began existance as a drug cartel and later took on political aims

Accepted Answer

The FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) originated as a guerrilla organization with popular roots, primarily among rural communities. Over time, it engaged in various activities, including terrorist tactics and involvement in drug trafficking, to fund its operations and maintain its influence. This combination of political aims rooted in popular support, alongside criminal activities, accurately describes the character and evolution of FARC.

Question 9

After military setbacks, the FARC agreed to a peace agreement with the Colombian government. Since that time:&#10;A) Death squads have finally been disarmed&#10;B) FARC fighters have been reintegrated into society and welcomed by most of civil society&#10;C) Hundreds of social activists and human rights workers have been killed by death squads and paramilitary groups&#10;D) The FARC has refused to disarm any of its units

Accepted Answer

Since the peace agreement, Colombia has seen a disturbing trend of violence against social activists and human rights workers, attributed to ongoing operations by death squads and paramilitary groups. Despite the peace deal, these groups continue to exert influence and perpetrate violence in various regions of the country.

Question 10

In the 1990s the Clinton administration provided $9 billion in military aid to Colombia. As a result:&#10;A) Right wing paramilitary forces were disbanded, no longer needed&#10;B) Colombia is no longer a narco-state&#10;C) The Colombian miliary increased its respect for human rights&#10;D) The military increasingly got the upper hand on the FARC, contributing to a negotiated peace deal but also continued paramilitary violence

Accepted Answer

The military aid from the Clinton administration, particularly through Plan Colombia, aimed to combat drug trafficking and insurgencies like the FARC. While it did strengthen the military's ability to confront FARC, leading towards a peace deal, it also resulted in continued violence, including activities by paramilitary groups. The aid did not lead to the disbandment of right-wing paramilitaries, eliminate Colombia's issues with narcotics, or significantly improve the military's human rights record.

Deck 11: Civilians and Soldiers in Illiberal Times