Question 1

The most influential world power in Latin America in the 19th Century (1800s) was:&#10;A) The United States&#10;B) Great Britain&#10;C) Spain&#10;D) Portugal

Accepted Answer

Great Britain was the most influential world power in Latin America during the 19th century, primarily through its economic influence and investments, rather than direct colonial control as seen with Spain and Portugal in earlier centuries.

Question 2

One cause of Simon Bolivar's frustration, which led him to say he had &#34;plowed the sea&#34; just before his death, was:&#10;A) Criollo resistance to social progress to prepare for republican government&#10;B) Resistance of the criollos to his dream of uniting Latin America with the United States&#10;C) His defeat in elections showed the people did not support him&#10;D) His failure to liberate Cuba

Accepted Answer

Simon Bolivar expressed frustration over the resistance of the criollo elite to social reforms necessary for establishing effective republican governments in the newly independent Latin American states. This resistance undermined his vision for a unified and socially progressive Latin America.

Question 3

The repeated rebellions of enslaved and Indignous people in the colonial era...&#10;A) Encouraged the criollos to believe that they too could cast off Iberian rule.&#10;B) Made most of the criollos reluctant to break from the presence of Spanish and Portuguese military forces&#10;C) Would come to an end once Spanish and Portuguese rule was ended&#10;D) Were always defeated, leading criools to think they had nothing to fear from independence

Accepted Answer

The repeated rebellions made criollos wary of losing the military protection and stability provided by the Spanish and Portuguese, making them hesitant to pursue independence.

Question 4

How did the impact of the Napoleonic War impact Brazil differently than in other parts of Latin America?&#10;A) The Portuguese monarchy moved across the ocean to Brazil while Portugal was under occupation.&#10;B) Napoleon sent troops to Brazil to liberate it from Portugal.&#10;C) The Portugeuse King gave Brazil independence to avoid it falling into Napoleon's hands.&#10;D) The United States invoked the Monroe Doctrine to block France from sending troops to put down the independence movement.

Accepted Answer

The Portuguese monarchy moved to Brazil in 1807 to escape the Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, making Brazil the seat of the Portuguese empire until 1821. This event is unique to Brazil in the context of the Napoleonic Wars' impact on Latin America.

Question 5

Which of the following is a common name for a local strongman in Latin America?&#10;A) Caudillo&#10;B) Coronel&#10;C) Cacique&#10;D) All of the above&#10;E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are terms that can be associated with local strongmen or leaders in Latin American contexts. "Caudillo" typically refers to a military or political leader. "Coronel" (colonel) can imply a military figure with significant local power. "Cacique" historically refers to indigenous leaders but has also been used to describe local political bosses.

Question 6

Paraguay's dictator (1811-1840), Jose Gaspar de Francia, a complete &#34;autocrat&#34;, stands out, for having:&#10;A) Freed his country from reconquest by Spain&#10;B) Concentrated ownership of nearly all the country's land in his own hands&#10;C) Created an economy that improved living conditions for common people and focused on self-sufficiency&#10;D) Carried out a war of extermination against indigenous people

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paraguay's dictator (1811-1840), Jose Gaspar de Francia,...

Question 7

Roughly what period corresponds to the era of &#34;liberal modernization&#34; in Latin America?&#10;A) 1810-1840&#10;B) 1850-1920&#10;C) 1945-1960&#10;D) 1960-1980

Accepted Answer

The era of "liberal modernization" in Latin America roughly corresponds to the period from 1850 to 1920, a time when many countries in the region underwent significant reforms aimed at modernizing their economies, societies, and political systems, often influenced by liberal ideologies.

Question 8

Which of the followin was NOT a policy favored by ninetheenth century Liberals in Latin America?&#10;A) Promotion of European immigration&#10;B) Universal voting rights for all adults&#10;C) Breaking up land controlled by the Church and munipalities and collectively worked by indigenous people&#10;D) Borrowing money from Europeans to build roads, ports, etc.

Accepted Answer

Nineteenth-century Liberals in Latin America generally did not favor universal voting rights for all adults. Their policies often aimed at modernizing economies and societies but did not extend to promoting political equality to such a broad extent. They were more focused on economic reforms, such as promoting European immigration to boost the workforce, secularizing land ownership by reducing the power of the Church and municipalities, and improving infrastructure through foreign loans.

Question 9

Which of the follow statements generally applies to Latin America's economies in the 1800s and early 1900s?&#10;A) There was little change in kinds of commodities produced and exported abroad from those of the colonial era&#10;B) Violence and poltical instability ensured that few wealthy countries would invest or loan money to Latin America&#10;C) The land, mines, and other economic resources continued to be dominated by the same elite criollo families of the colonial era&#10;D) Commodity booms and busts often spurred new fortunes and elites into prominence while conversely contributing to the downfall of many colonial-era elite families

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the follow statements generally applies...

Question 10

In the era of liberal modernization many Latin American elites and strongmen embraced a European idea called &#34;positivism.&#34; All of the following were associated with positivism in Latin America EXCEPT:&#10;A) Attempts to attract European immigration&#10;B) The belief that Indigenous and Afro-descendent people were genetically inferior workers&#10;C) Efforts to improrove the health and eduction of Indigeous and Afro-descendent people so that they could contribute to development&#10;D) Efforts to import European architecture, educational systems and ofther &#34;superior&#34; aspects of Eueopean culture

Accepted Answer

Positivism in Latin America was often associated with a belief in the superiority of European culture and people, leading to efforts to attract European immigration and import European cultural aspects. However, it did not typically include efforts to improve the health and education of Indigenous and Afro-descendent people, as these groups were often viewed as inferior within this ideology.

Question 11

By 1900, what description best fits Latin America's elite:&#10;A) They remained overwhelmingly descendents of Spanish and Portuguese colonial landowners.&#10;B) They been changed significantly by immigration and by new export opportunities&#10;C) They increasing looked inward at their own societies rather than toward Europe for cultural inspiration and ecnomic ideas&#10;D) They were becoming more reflective of the racial composition of thier societies

Accepted Answer

The answer of By 1900, what description best fits Latin...

Deck 5: Political Without Economic Independence