Deck 15: Government: the Institution and the Ideologies That Underlie It

Question 1

Abstract concepts of organized habits and standardized ways of getting things done is a definition of the state.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The pivotal institutions of government and the economy are closely related to and dependent on ideology and social movements.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The pattern of statuses and roles that a society develops to fulfill the need for order and defense is a definition of government.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Power relationships are always somewhat reciprocal.

Question 5

The legitimate possession of power is called strength.

Question 6

A culture group residing within the territory of the political state is called a nation.

Question 7

Certain universal human needs have resulted in the establishment in all societies of pivotal institutions.

Question 8

The source of ultimate power in most modern societies is the state.

Question 9

Government may be defined as the pattern of statuses and roles that a society develops to fulfill the need for order within and the need for defense against threats from without

Question 10

What is good for the individual is always good for the society; thus, some societies do away with institutions.

Question 11

A group way of life requires a degree of order.

Question 12

The most important function of government is to implement political control.

Question 13

Some functions of government are manifest, while others are latent.

Question 14

The existence of party machines is a manifest function of government.

Question 15

Power can be asserted by rewarding, coercing, or influencing individuals.

Question 16

A crisis of legitimacy occurs when people question the legitimacy of their government.

Question 17

Traditional authority is no longer accepted in modern societies.

Question 18

Charismatic authority depends on the personality of a particular leader.

Question 19

State and government are interchangeable terms.

Question 20

The state has had many forms historically.

Question 21

Membership in the state is compulsory for all those who live within its territorial limits.

Question 22

Thomas Hobbes maintained that before the emergence of the state people lived as "noble savages."

Question 23

The nation is a culture group living within the territory of the political state.

Question 24

The English were the first to have embraced the concept of nationhood.

Question 25

Today, nationalism is similar to ethnic cooking: a quaint reminder of a past cultural tradition.

Question 26

People cannot hold conflicting ideologies: they either believe one thing, or another.

Question 27

Ideologies vary in scope from completely comprehensive to partial.

Question 28

Autocracy is the ideology espousing the belief that ultimate power should reside in the hands of the people as a whole.

Question 29

The most basic assumption of democracy is the importance and value of the individual.

Question 30

Regimes in which power is held by an absolute leader or by a small elite, but where it is limited to the political sphere alone, are called totalitarian.

Question 31

Fascism and Nazism are two vastly different ideologies.

Question 32

Karl Marx predicted that the bourgeoisie would be overthrown and power would be held by the proletariat.

Question 33

Fascists reject the concept of human equality, which is the ideal of democracy.

Question 34

An important principle of democracy is that the only legitimate basis for rule is the consent of the governed.

Question 35

Political ideologies deal with the questions: who gets what, and why, in society?

Question 36

Legal-rational authority is characteristic of:

A) homogeneous societies
B) traditional, agrarian societies
C) urban industrial, developed societies
D) totalitarian societies

Question 37

The difference between government and state is that:

A) government is a symbol and state is the process
B) government is a process that includes the people who exercise political power
C) the state is an abstract symbol of the political institution
D) government is a process, and the state is an abstract symbol, BOTH

Question 38

Government is:

A) the ultimate source of social control
B) institutionalized social control
C) a way of insuring absolute freedom for citizens
D) ultimate and institutionalized social control, BOTH

Question 39

Power may be asserted by:

A) reciprocating
B) promising a reward in return for compliance
C) coercion
D) coercion, reciprocation, or reward

Question 40

Power is legitimate if:

A) it is enforced on members of society
B) a majority of societal members accept its use as right and proper
C) it has been transmitted in a traditional way
D) it is rational

Question 41

Which is FALSE of power?

A) It is necessary for exerting social control in society
B) It plays a significant role in all kinds of social interactions
C) All power relationships are one sided
D) People have greater or lesser amounts of power according to their statuses in society

Question 42

Moral control:

A) does not exist in large, urban industrial societies
B) is insufficient to maintain social order in complex societies
C) can only be exerted through the institution of religion
D) is best when exerted by forces outside the individual

Question 43

The forces and processes revolving around government, its policies and actions are called:

A) politics
B) general social processes
C) dynamics
D) statics

Question 44

The manifest functions of government include:

A) the formation of party machines
B) the protection of the interests of the power elite
C) the enlargement of the administrative elite
D) the provision of institutionalized social control

Question 45

Even in a democracy, the state can:

A) seize property
B) imprison persons
C) deprive people of their lives
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 46

Antarctica is occupied by several nations together because no one nation has:

A) sovereignty over it
B) the desire to rule it
C) interest in its resources
D) the power to take it over

Question 47

The most important function of government is to:

A) provide social welfare
B) implement social control
C) exercise total control
D) regulate human life in society

Question 48

The basic components of the state include ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

A) Territory
B) Population
C) Armed services
D) Sovereignty

Question 49

The view that the state has emerged to protect the rights of a privileged few has been expressed by philosophers of which school of thought?

A) Functionalism
B) Ideologism
C) Conflict
D) Hegelianism

Question 50

Charismatic leaders:

A) appear only in traditional societies
B) may appear in societies with either a traditional or a legal-rational base of authority
C) establish a stable social organization
D) are only characteristic of theocracies

Question 51

The legitimate possession of power is a definition of:

A) force
B) the police
C) the state
D) authority

Question 52

The oldest form of power rests on:

A) rational-legal authority
B) charismatic authority
C) traditional authority
D) the authority of force

Question 53

In essence, people need government because:

A) they live in groups and need a degree of order
B) of their competitive nature
C) they have not reached a sufficient amount of civilization to exist without it
D) brute force is not sufficient to keep them in line

Question 54

Political control:

A) is internalized cultural learning
B) is acquired through socialization
C) is social control exerted by forces outside the individual
D) takes the place of moral control in simple societies

Question 55

Political power:

A) appears only in capitalistic societies
B) is power exercised by the state through its government
C) characterizes all dictatorships
D) belongs to a ruler in democratic regimes

Question 56

The state has the following relationship to force:

A) it shares it with the citizens
B) it lacks it completely in a democracy
C) it has a monopoly on it
D) it gives it up to the people

Question 57

Government is characterized by a(n):

A) pattern of statuses and roles
B) system of norms and values
C) system to deal with order and defense
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 58

Political control refers to:

A) any social control
B) social control exercised by peers
C) social control exercised by the government
D) being forced to vote

Question 59

The Pope's leadership of the Catholic Church is based on which kind of authority?

A) Legal-rational
B) Democratic
C) Traditional
D) Charismatic

Question 60

Italy has had many changes in political leadership since World War II. However, economic and legal specialists keep the nation going. We would call their authority:

A) legal-rational
B) charismatic
C) traditional
D) irrational

Question 61

Hitler led the German people by emotional speeches. He derived his authority from:

A) God
B) the law
C) the Bible
D) personal charisma

Question 62

Functionalists approach the state as a tool to:

A) maintain order
B) protect the privileged few
C) protect private property
D) maintain the state of nature

Question 63

Conflict theorists see the state's functions as:

A) protecting the interest of the ruling elite only
B) helping the poor and homeless
C) bringing peace to its citizens
D) directing the economy

Question 64

Marx believed that the state would vanish when:

A) the elite would work toward the good of the masses
B) the lion would lie down with the lamb
C) social classes ceased to exist
D) all societies became capitalist

Question 65

"My country, right or wrong" is an example of:

A) nationalism
B) legal-rational thinking
C) an internationalist world view
D) a reasoned approach to detente

Question 66

A person affected by nationalism:

A) identifies with a state's culture
B) shares a state's interests and goals
C) displays feelings of ethnocentrism
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 67

In order for power to be legitimate, a government must have:

A) the ability to coerce agreement
B) legitimate authority
C) a charismatic leader
D) a strong army

Question 68

Legal-rational authority tends to be characteristic of:

A) homogeneous, single-culture societies
B) heterogeneous, multicultural societies
C) simple agrarian societies
D) Central American societies

Question 69

Politics may be defined as:

A) the statuses and roles that enforce the law
B) the legitimate use of force within a territory
C) the process by which individuals and groups acquire power
D) all of the above

Question 70

Social control is:

A) cultural learning which resides within the individual
B) control exercised by legal agencies charged with punishing violators
C) the process whereby a group induces a person to behave in a certain way through the enforcement of taboos, mores, and folkways
D) none of the above

Question 71

The state differs from all the other institutions in that:

A) it is an abstract concept
B) its political control is complete
C) membership is compulsory for all residents of its territory except for aliens and visitors
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 72

Ideology:

A) has nothing to do with institutions
B) is the product of institutions
C) forms a basis for institutions
D) is the enemy of institutions

Question 73

In the U. S., the military is:

A) a separate institution from government
B) a provision of government
C) synonymous with government
D) the basis of legitimate government

Question 74

Latent functions of government include:

A) public education
B) health care
C) the rise of administrative elites
D) war

Question 75

The emergence of the state as a result of a "social contract" is the hypothesis found in the work of:

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Karl Marx
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 76

Nation states emerged in:

A) the Middle Ages
B) many historic eras
C) the Hundred Years War
D) the Protestant Reformation

Question 77

The first European people to form a nation were the:

A) Scots
B) Picts
C) Slavs
D) Gauls
E) English

Question 78

Recent events vividly demonstrate that nationalism is:

A) dead
B) the source of wars and atrocities
C) at most a quaint reminder of past political cultures
D) the bastion of freedom and world peace

Question 79

The view that nationalism would wither away was held by:

A) classical liberals
B) Marxists
C) stoic philosophers like Marcus Aurelius
D) all of the above
E) only a and b

Question 80

Another term for nationalism might be:

A) racism
B) imperialism
C) colonialism
D) national ethnocentrism