Deck 13: Historical, Academic, Legal and Mixed Methods Research

Question 1

___________________ is a type of research that examines aspects of social and political life across different cultures and eras. Sometimes researchers focus on one historical period or several, compare one or more cultures, or mix historical periods and cultures is called ___________.

A) historical research
B) comparative research
C) historical-comparative research
D) bi-lateral research

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A type of research that generates knowledge about crime and justice phenomena by making comparisons (qualitative and quantitative) across different countries or cultures is called __________.

A) historical research
B) comparative research
C) historical-comparative research
D) bi-lateral research

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Historical research relies heavily on _________________.

A) existing government documents
B) firsthand written accounts
C) artifacts
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which is not an example of primary sources?

A) diaries
B) textbooks on the history of crime
C) newspapers
D) novels

Question 5

Existing statistical research based on files, records, or documents that are maintained in a relatively consistent matter over a long period of time is called _________.

A) running research
B) comparative research
C) individual research
D) recollections

Question 6

Statements or writings about past experiences collected over time and based on a memory or stimulated by a review of old photos, objects, or notes are called ________.

A) running research
B) comparative research
C) individual research
D) recollections

Question 7

Recollections usually exist in the form of _____________.

A) memoirs
B) autobiographies
C) interviews
D) all of the above are recollections

Question 8

Transcience is _________________.

A) focusing on one idea or thing so much that is misdirects one's attention so that other, simple things, are forgotten
B) experiencing the slow, continuous decay of memory over time, such that the more distance in the past an event occurred, the less detail is recalled about it
C) searching unsuccessfully for information that the person possesses but cannot recall despite trying to do so at the moment (it is on the tip of my tongue)
D) mistaking fantasy for reality, or what one heard from a friend or what one saw in a movie for one's own experience

Question 9

Misattribution is ________________.

A) focusing on one idea or thing so much that is misdirects one's attention so that other, simple things, are forgotten
B) searching unsuccessfully for information that the person possesses but cannot recall despite trying to do so at the moment (it is on the tip of my tongue)
C) mistaking fantasy for reality, or what one heard from a friend or what one saw in a movie for one's own experience
D) being asked questions in such a way that a person begins to distort his or her memory and believe things happened that did not happen

Question 10

Suggestibility is _________________.

A) focusing on one idea or thing so much that is misdirects one's attention so that other, simple things, are forgotten
B) searching unsuccessfully for information that the person possesses but cannot recall despite trying to do so at the moment (it is on the tip of my tongue)
C) mistaking fantasy for reality, or what one heard from a friend or what one saw in a movie for one's own experience
D) being asked questions in such a way that a person begins to distort his or her memory and believe things happened that did not happen

Question 11

Absent-mindedness is ______________.

A) focusing on one idea or thing so much that is misdirects one's attention so that other, simple things, are forgotten
B) searching unsuccessfully for information that the person possesses but cannot recall despite trying to do so at the moment (it is on the tip of my tongue)
C) mistaking fantasy for reality, or what one heard from a friend or what one saw in a movie for one's own experience
D) being asked questions in such a way that a person begins to distort his or her memory and believe things happened that did not happen

Question 12

Blocking is ________________.

A) focusing on one idea or thing so much that is misdirects one's attention so that other, simple things, are forgotten
B) searching unsuccessfully for information that the person possesses but cannot recall despite trying to do so at the moment (it is on the tip of my tongue)
C) mistaking fantasy for reality, or what one heard from a friend or what one saw in a movie for one's own experience
D) being asked questions in such a way that a person begins to distort his or her memory and believe things happened that did not happen

Question 13

Checking the authenticity of primary historical sources by accurately locating the place and time of its creation is called ____________ (e.g., it is not a forgery).

A) internal criticism
B) external criticism
C) bowdlerization
D) pseudoproof

Question 14

A way to establish the authenticity and credibility of primary historical sources and determine its accuracy as an account of what occurred in the past is called ________.

A) internal criticism
B) external criticism
C) bowdlerization
D) pseudoproof

Question 15

An error whereby a historical researcher locates an event before or after when it actually occurred is called _____________.

A) internal criticism
B) external criticism
C) bowdlerization
D) anachronism

Question 16

A failure to place a historical event within its full context is called ________.

A) pseudoproof
B) internal criticism
C) external criticism
D) bowdlerization

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Mixed Methods Research

A) Enhances the researchers ability to answer a greater range of research questions
B) Multiple approaches of a study allows for a more complete understanding
C) Both methods can be applied simultaneously without being taxing
D) Qualitative methods add meaning and depth to numbers

Question 18

Mixing quantitative and qualitative approaches usually involves one of three possibilities. These include:

A) 1) fully integrated, 2) somewhat integrated, 3) mostly integrated.
B) 1) predominant quantitative, 2) predominant qualitative, 3) most qualitative
C) 1) exclusively quantitative, 2) exclusively qualitative, 3) fully integrated.
D) 1) predominant quantitative, 2) predominant qualitative, 3) fully integrated.

Question 19

Qualitative content analysis is ______________________.

A) a genre of research that generates knowledge for the sake of knowledge
B) a nonreactive method that attempts to make theoretical sense of documents (text or visual) by analyzing their cultural meaning
C) the systematic collection and analysis of legal-related documents in order to generate knowledge about a given crime and justice topic
D) a method that examines aspects of social and political life across different cultures and eras

Question 20

A research method that involves collecting and analyzing interpretively a systematically selected set of documents, including text and/or visual images, in an effort to uncover their meaning, themes, and cultural and social significance is called _________________.

A) qualitative content analysis
B) semiotics
C) interpretive analysis
D) symbolic analysis

Question 21

A form of analysis that concentrates on comprehending and deciphering the meaning found in language and images, in the form of signs, as well as their complex interrelationships is called ____________.

A) qualitative content analysis
B) semiotics
C) interpretive analysis
D) symbolic analysis

Question 22

A type of research that generates knowledge about crime and justice phenomena by making comparisons (qualitative and quantitative) across different countries or cultures is called __________________.

Question 23

______ is a class of research in which quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques are used in a single study, or series of studies, examining a particular object of study.

Question 24

Qualitative or quantitative data about past events that were created and used in the past time period are called ________________.

Question 25

Information about events or settings that are documented or written later by historians or others who did not directly participate in the events or settings is called ________.

Question 26

A good example of a _____________ is a bundle of yellowed letters written by a husband away at war to his wife and found in an attic by a researcher.

Question 27

_____ a form of analysis that concentrates on comprehending and deciphering the meaning found in language and images, in the form of signs, as well as their complex interrelationships

Question 28

The statements or writings of individuals about their past lives or experiences based on memory are ____________.

Question 29

Some people "__________" the past to make it more consistent with current beliefs or remember the past in a self-enhancing way.

Question 30

Focusing on one idea or thing so much that is misdirects one's attention so that other, simple things, are forgotten is called ______________.

Question 31

________________ is searching unsuccessfully for information that the person possesses but cannot recall despite trying to do so at the moment (it is on the tip of my tongue)

Question 32

_____ is a nonreactive method that attempts to make theoretical sense of documents (text or visual) by analyzing their cultural meaning.

Question 33

______________ is being asked questions in such a way that a person begins to distort his or her memory and believe things happened that did not happen.

Question 34

A deliberate distortion of the past designed to protect the appearance of a particular image is called ______________.

Question 35

A failure to place a historical event within its full context is called ________.

Question 36

An error whereby a historical researcher locates an event before or after when it actually occurred is called _____________.

Question 37

Qualitative content analysis a reactive method that attempts to find statistically significant relationships among documents by analyzing their correlation with one another.

Question 38

Semiotics are a form of analysis that concentrates on comprehending and deciphering the meaning found in language and images, in the form of signs, as well as their complex interrelationships

Question 39

The letters, diaries, newspapers and articles of clothing of those who lived in the past are primary sources of history.

Question 40

A good example of a secondary source is a bundle of yellowed letters written by a husband away at war to his wife and found in an attic by a researcher.

Question 41

The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is a good example of a running record.

Question 42

When we remember the past it is like recreating a snapshot of our history in which we can accurately described what happen in that instance. It is like retrieving a copy of a photograph.

Question 43

Some people "rewrite" the past to make it more consistent with current beliefs or remember the past in a self-enhancing way.

Question 44

A deliberate distortion of the past designed to protect the appearance of a particular image is called pseudoproof.

Question 45

The last step in a historical research project is to combine evidence, concepts, and synthesis into a research report.

Question 46

Monomethod research is a possible application of mixed methods research

Question 47

When studying the past, researchers draw on four types of historical evidence. Explain each of those four types.

Question 48

Discuss how qualitative content analysis is different from its quantitative counterpart while outlining its utility for studying matters related to crime and criminal justice.

Question 49

Explain what semiotics are in relations to qualitative content analysis and discuss how it can be used in the field of criminal justice/criminology.

Question 50

Explain the general idea and thinking behind the mixed methods approach.