Deck 8: Behavioral Counseling

Question 1

Classical conditioning is a learning process discovered by

A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) John B Watson.
C) Edward L. Thorndike.
D) B.F. Skinner.
E) Albert Bandura.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Behavior can best be understood, predicted, and controlled by focusing on environmental events to the exclusion of cognitive events.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Because of inborn differences, two infants will perceive and respond differently to the same environmental events.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Mindfulness strategies.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 5

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Depathologizing stance regarding client problems.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 6

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Included principles of classical and operant conditioning, social factors of modeling and imitation, and cognitive factors of thought, image, and expectation.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 7

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Behavior can best be understood, predicted, and controlled by focusing on cognitive events to the exclusion of environmental events.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 8

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-If unable to reduce or eliminate pain, a client can change one's relationship to pain so as to live a more satisfying life.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 9

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Therapy consists of individually tailored treatment packages consisting of more than one behavioral strategy and stepwise progression from less to more challenging tasks.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 10

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Principles of classical and operant conditioning applied to treat a variety of client problems.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 11

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Cognitive-behavioral therapy emerged as a major force in psychology.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 12

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-At birth, except for a few innate involuntary responses, an infant is essentially like a blank slate.
-------------------------------. First wave/generation

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 13

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Focus on testing hypotheses about what observable, measurable conditions made observable, measurable changes in observable, measurable behaviors.
-------------------------------. First wave/generation

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 14

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Personality viewed for the first time as a person's overt and covert response repertoire.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 15

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Study rat, pigeon, and monkey behavior to discover principles applicable to human behavior.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 16

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Focus on current conditions that maintain a behavior.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 17

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-People's perceptions and expectations about environmental conditions predict their behavior better than the objective conditions themselves.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 18

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Reciprocal causality between people's environments and their behaviors.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 19

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Client resistance arises from different dynamics than other behaviors.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 20

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-People's capacity for language and environmental modification makes them qualitatively different from other animals.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 21

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Scientific, empirical approach.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 22

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Behavior therapy emerged internationally as a major force in psychology.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 23

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-People acquire both problem and nonproblem behaviors through the same learning processes.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 24

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-People learn vicariously.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 25

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Therapy designed to be brief.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 26

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the "wave" or generation in the development of behaviorism to which the item is most closely associated. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Pursuit in therapy of both first and second order change.

A) First wave/generation
B) Second wave/generation
C) Third wave/generation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 27

In classical behaviorism, which of the following factors lead to personality change?

A) collaboration of counselor and client to manipulate the client's environment
B) client disclosure of thoughts and feelings to renew tabula rasa
C) collaboration of counselor and client to enable the client the opportunity to discuss present behavior and consider goals for future
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 28

While teaching a class, a teacher ignores the inappropriate talking the students engage in amongst themselves. This is an example of

A) extinction.
B) punishment.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) discrimination.
E) none of the above

Question 29

According to the text authors, which schedule of reinforcement results in the most frequent and long-lasting response pattern?

A) continuous reinforcement
B) irregular intermittent reinforcement
C) regular intermittent reinforcement
D) interrupted intermittent reinforcement
E) non-continuous reinforcement

Question 30

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the behavioral principle the example best illustrates. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Teaching a child to tie her shoes

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Shaping
D) Positive reinforcement
E) Extinction

Question 31

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the behavioral principle the example best illustrates. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Eating an ice cream sundae because it tastes good

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Shaping
D) Positive reinforcement
E) Extinction

Question 32

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the behavioral principle the example best illustrates. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Turning off the alarm clock
-------------------------------. Negative reinforcement

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Shaping
D) Positive reinforcement
E) Extinction

Question 33

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the behavioral principle the example best illustrates. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Working over 40 hours a week for the overtime pay

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Shaping
D) Positive reinforcement
E) Extinction

Question 34

For each example in the items below, identify the lettered item naming the behavioral principle the example best illustrates. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Reducing the amount of ice cream consumed per week due to weight gain

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Shaping
D) Positive reinforcement
E) Extinction