Question 1

Which of the following therapy traditions are not integrated in any of the constructivist approaches?&#10;A) psychoanalytic&#10;B) cognitive-behavioral&#10;C) existential-humanistic&#10;D) All of the above are integrated in some constructivist approaches.

Accepted Answer

Constructivist approaches in psychotherapy integrate elements from various therapy traditions, including psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and existential-humanistic perspectives. These approaches focus on the individual's subjective experience and the meaning they construct from their experiences, drawing on techniques and concepts from these diverse traditions.

Question 2

Who is the founder of Constructivst Counseling?&#10;A) Berg&#10;B) White&#10;C) Mahoney&#10;D) There is no single founder of Constructivst Counseling.

Accepted Answer

Constructivist counseling is not associated with a single founder or a specific theoretical framework. It is a postmodern approach that emphasizes the importance of understanding each individual's unique experiences and perspectives. Therefore, there is no single founder of Constructivist Counseling.

Question 3

Which constructivist emphasized structures of the psyche?&#10;A) Berg&#10;B) White&#10;C) De Shazer&#10;D) Mahoney

Accepted Answer

Mahoney is known for emphasizing the structures of the psyche in his constructivist approach. Constructivism focuses on how individuals construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Mahoney's work in this area highlights the importance of internal psychological structures in shaping how we perceive and understand our experiences.

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the key processes highlighted by the person from #9?&#10;A) Self/identity&#10;B) Power/control&#10;C) Behaviors/cognitions&#10;D) Value/emotional judgments

Accepted Answer

The key processes highlighted do not include "Behaviors/cognitions" as a distinct category, focusing instead on aspects like self/identity, power/control, and value/emotional judgments.

Question 5

According to Mahoney, which of the following is not true?&#10;A) Emotions are powerful self-organizing processes.&#10;B) Emotions are central to our evaluative processes.&#10;C) Emotions play central roles in shaping our perceptions and developing a healthy sense of self.&#10;D) All of the above are true

Accepted Answer

Mahoney argues that all three statements are true. Therefore, none of the options are incorrect.

Question 6

Because Mahoney was previously an influential cognitive therapist, he&#10;A) agreed with the doctrine of &#34;rationalist supremacy.&#34;&#10;B) was emphatically critical of the doctrine of &#34;rationalist supremacy.&#34;&#10;C) thought that clients' intrapsychic dynamics were always more important than socio-cultural dynamics.&#10;D) thought that it was usually more helpful to intervene with traditional cognitive techniques that more process/experiential ones.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that Mahoney was previously an influential cognitive therapist, but his perspective shifted towards a more critical view of the "rationalist supremacy" doctrine. Therefore, choice B is the best answer as it accurately reflects his change in perspective. Choices A, C, and D can be eliminated based on the information provided in the passage.

Question 7

Which of the following constructivists believe that understanding (past) causes for clients' problems are more important than their current ways of construing the problem?&#10;A) DeJong & Berg&#10;B) White & Epston&#10;C) Mahoney&#10;D) None of them believe this.

Accepted Answer

Constructivists like DeJong & Berg, White & Epston, and Mahoney focus on clients' current perceptions and ways of construing problems rather than delving into past causes. They emphasize understanding how clients construct their realities and work within those frameworks to facilitate change.

Question 8

All of the following are defining features of constructivist approaches except&#10;A) they tend to focus on client strengths rather than deficits.&#10;B) they tend to focus primarily on cognition.&#10;C) they look for exceptions to problem-centered perspectives.&#10;D) they help clients author new stories about their lives.

Accepted Answer

While constructivist approaches do focus on cognition to some extent, it is not their defining feature. The other options are defining features of constructivist approaches.

Question 9

According to Mahoney,&#10;A) significant changes are often preceded by episodes of disorder and disorganization.&#10;B) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the best way of conceiving of disorder in clients' lives.&#10;C) disorder and disorganization are not the enemies (not exclusively a bad thing).&#10;D) A and C only

Accepted Answer

Mahoney argues that significant changes are often preceded by episodes of disorder and disorganization, and that disorder and disorganization are not exclusively bad things. However, he does not suggest that the DSM is the best way of conceiving of disorder in clients' lives, so option B is incorrect.

Question 10

Which of the following is true?&#10;A) The specifics of any give client's development can be accurately predicted by linear models of change.&#10;B) Because all humans are unique, there are no general principles of change that we can rely on.&#10;C) Theories of complexity (nonlinear dynamics) are no better at describing human change processes than simple linear theories.&#10;D) There are some general principles of change in dynamic systems-such as that of oscillations-that are usually true of most people's courses of change.

Accepted Answer

Nonlinear dynamics theories suggest that there are general principles of change that are usually true of most people's courses of change, including the principles of oscillations. Linear models cannot accurately predict the specifics of any given client's development, and while all humans are unique, there are still general principles that can be applied to most individuals.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a common reason that client's seek counseling?&#10;A) They want to feel better (symptom relief).&#10;B) They want general life improvement (to change patterns of problems in their lives).&#10;C) They want to commit to what is required to experience profound self-transformation.&#10;D) They want more satisfying relationships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 12

According to Mahoney, resistance is&#10;A) primarily an intrapsychic phenomenon.&#10;B) primarily a failure to change.&#10;C) involves the client, not the therapist.&#10;D) usually serving self-protective functions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Mahoney, resistance is&#10;A) primarily an...

Question 13

Which of the following, according to Mahoney, is least important for constructive counselors?&#10;A) self-awareness&#10;B) an appreciation for human diversity&#10;C) knowledge of the DSM&#10;D) the ability to deeply resonate with others' experience, rather than to rush to solve their problems

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following, according to Mahoney,...

Question 14

Which of the following did Mahoney believe was indispensable to successful counseling?&#10;A) ability to follow manualized therapy protocols&#10;B) ability to arrive at DSM diagnoses within the first intake hour&#10;C) ability to be empathic and compassionate with one's clients&#10;D) ability to solve clients' problems for them

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following did Mahoney believe...

Question 15

Mahoney stressed that any technique will be more effective under conditions of all of the following except&#10;A) the counselor implements the technique exactly as it is stated in therapy manuals.&#10;B) if the counselor and client are both prepared for it (in an appropriate state of consciousness).&#10;C) if the client's request for why he is being asked to do it is provided (theoretical rationale).&#10;D) if time is allowed afterward to process what the experience was like for the client.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mahoney stressed that any technique will be...

Deck 12: Constructivist Approaches