Deck 10: Later Hunter-Gatherers and Early Farming Societies in the Old World

Question 1

Contraction of glaciers caused sea levels to rise in the Late Glacial / Early Holocene period.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Many Scandinavian Mesolithic and Japanese Jomon groups intensively exploited marine and riverine resources

Answer 2

True

Question 3

There is good evidence for extensive salmon exploitation in the Jomon.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Groups at Abu Hureyra successfully targeted gazelle migrations for thousands of years.

Question 5

The increase in groundstone tools in the Late Glacial / Early Holocene indicates intensification of plant processing.

Question 6

Most Late Glacial / Early Holocene groups were highly mobile.

Question 7

There is no evidence for differences in status among Late Glacial / Early Holocene groups.

Question 8

Gordon Childe coined the term 'Neolithic Revolution'.

Question 9

All plants and animals were domesticated first in the Middle East.

Question 10

Pottery was invented first in the Middle East.

Question 11

A 'tell' is a natural hill on which people constructed their homes.

Question 12

Central and Northern European farmers adapted to climatic conditions of the region by planting their crops for summer harvesting.

Question 13

LBK groups adopted the farming package from migrant farmers.

Question 14

Scandinavian groups took up farming at the same time as LBK groups.

Question 15

Rice, millet, pigs, water buffalo, and chickens formed the farming package in China.

Question 16

Pastoralism preceded domesticated cereals in Africa.

Question 17

Çatalhöyük is a farming village in which streets were laid out on a grid pattern.

Question 18

The construction of causewayed enclosures in Britain preceded the construction of henges.

Question 19

Monumental architecture is confined to Europe.

Question 20

Luca Cavalli-Sforza believes that the genetic make-up of present day populations can indicate movements of people in the past.

Question 21

The Younger Dryas refers to the

A) coldest period of the last Ice Age
B) cold snap that occurred before the onset of the Holocene
C) Holocene
D) the beginning of agriculture

Question 22

Shell middens indicate

A) intensive exploitation of shell fish by humans
B) natural accumulation of fish
C) tidal deposition of shell fish
D) shell working production sites

Question 23

The period spanning the Late Glacial and Early Holocene is known archeologically as the

A) Mesolithic
B) Jomon
C) Natufian
D) all of the previous

Question 24

Base camps, special task camps, storage pits, accumulation of waste, and cemeteries are archaeological indicators of groups

A) whose subsistence is based on a system of immediate returns
B) whose subsistence is based on state subsidies
C) whose subsistence is based on a system of delayed returns
D) who are highly mobile

Question 25

Early Holocene groups probably exploited plant resources

A) more than meat and fish resources
B) less than meat and fish resources
C) to the same extent as meat and fish resources
D) only in times of starvation

Question 26

The presence of dogs in burials in the Mesolithic and Natufian suggest

A) dogs were kept as pets
B) dogs were important in hunting
C) a belief system based on dogs
D) people ate dogs

Question 27

Group identity associated with tribal territory is evident in

A) burial practices
B) tool kits
C) jewelry
D) all of the previous

Question 28

Early farming was successful because it

A) yielded more food from small tracts of land than hunting and gathering
B) produced surplus food that could be stored for later consumption
C) produced a more varied diet than hunting and gathering
D) A and B

Question 29

Direct evidence for domesticated cereals has been found through

A) the presence of a tough rachis on the plant
B) the presence of storage pits
C) the discovery of mortars
D) the presence of a weak rachis on the plant

Question 30

The inhabitants of Jericho built high stone walls to

A) protect the village from invaders
B) protect the village from floods
C) keep animals out
D) show their power

Question 31

The custom of decorating and burying skulls by communities in the Middle East suggests

A) pathological disorder among the communities
B) lack of burial grounds in villages
C) an ancestor cult
D) B and C

Question 32

LBK groups began farming

A) earlier than in the Middle East
B) at the same time as in the Middle East
C) about 3000 years after it had begun in the Middle East
D) about 6000 years after it had begun in the Middle East

Question 33

The ratio of strontium isotopes in teeth and bones indicates

A) periods of starvation
B) periods of illness
C) the place of birth and death of an individual
D) status

Question 34

Mesolithic groups in Scandinavia

A) adopted pottery and farming as a package
B) adopted pottery before farming
C) adopted farming before pottery
D) independently developed pottery and farming

Question 35

Hemedu is important because

A) it is a site in China
B) its wetland setting preserved a range of wild and domesticated organic material
C) it has the earliest evidence for domesticated rice in China
D) it has the earliest evidence for domesticated millet in China

Question 36

Domesticated cattle in Africa were

A) introduced from the Middle East
B) introduced from China
C) domesticated from indigenous wild African cattle
D) introduced from Egypt

Question 37

Nabta Playa

A) is an area where African hunter-gatherers gathered during the wet season
B) is the centre of African rice domestication
C) has evidence for domesticated rice and cattle pastoralism
D) has evidence for pastoralism and the possible cultivation of wild sorghum

Question 38

Analysis of cattle, sheep and goat bones at Çatalhöyük suggest

A) they were all equally important as food
B) cattle were primary sources of meat
C) cattle were used in ritual feasting
D) sheep and goat were used in ritual feasting

Question 39

Windmill Hill is an example of a

A) causewayed enclosure monument
B) henge monument
C) long barrow
D) all of the above

Question 40

The spread of Bantu languages in Africa is primarily associated with the

A) spread of farming and iron technology
B) spread of pottery technology
C) spread of wheat farming
D) spread of irrigation technology

Question 41

What is meant by the term 'broad spectrum diet'? What were the advantages of a broad spectrum diet?

Question 42

Explain immediate and delayed subsistence systems as they relate to hunter-gatherer societies.

Question 43

Comment on the burial practices of Late Glacial and Early Holocene groups.

Question 44

Why do Late Glacial and Early Holocene subsistence practices differ from that of previous Paleolithic groups.

Question 45

What were the consequences of agriculture?

Question 46

Comment on models proposed to explain the causes of agriculture.

Question 47

How do isotope analyses contribute to the study of ancient diet?

Question 48

Why is Hemedu an important site?

Question 49

List four factors that may lead to changes in languages and the possible emergence of a new language.

Question 50

Compare the subsistence strategies of the Scandinavian Mesolithic, the Japanese Jomon, and the Natufian of the Middle East.

Question 51

Evaluate the evidence for increasing sedentism among Late Glacial and Early Holocene groups.

Question 52

Asses the direct and indirect evidence for plant and animal domestication.

Question 53

Discuss the role of ritual in farming communities. How does it differ from that of Late Glacial and Early Holocene hunter-gatherers?

Question 54

Compare the beginning of farming in the Middle East and Africa OR Central Europe and Scandinavia.

Question 55

Discuss the social organization of early farming groups.