Deck 9: Focusing on Sexual Abuse

Question 1

Research has found that ______ are far more at risk of rape and sexual assault than any other race/ethnic group.

A) Alaskan Natives and African Americans
B) African Americans and Asian Americans
C) Asian Americans and American Indians
D) American Indians and Alaskan Natives

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The most prevalent and often most threatening form of gender-based abuse (GBA) is ______.

A) forced marriage
B) sexual abuse
C) trafficking
D) female genital mutilation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Research pertaining to rape and sexual abuse has found that ______.

A) when women/girls are the perpetrators, they tend to abuse at the more serious levels
B) rape and other sexual abuses are primarily committed by men/boys against both women/girls
C) at least half of the women in the United States have been sexually assaulted in adolescence and/or adulthood
D) women/girl perpetrators have a bigger age gap between themselves and their victims

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the key to establishing whether a sexual event or act is sexual abuse?

A) power
B) force
C) consent
D) coercion

Question 5

Holding down or hitting someone is an example of ______.

A) coercion
B) force
C) consent
D) exploitation

Question 6

Which of the following is associated with using psychological methods, such as threats or promises of rewards?

A) coercion
B) consent
C) force
D) might

Question 7

A man threatens a girl with telling her parents that she was smoking marijuana if she does not comply with his sexual directions. This is an example of ______.

A) strength
B) coercion
C) might
D) force

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of the use of force?

A) A husband might tell his wife that if she does not have sex with him consensually, he will rape her.
B) A foster father hits his foster daughter if she does not submit to his sexual demands.
C) A boyfriend may tell his girlfriend he will break up with her if she will not have sex with him.
D) A minister or priest may promise special favors for sexual compliance.

Question 9

In a study conducted by Cook and Messman-Moore (2018), survivors reported that the tactic that was most used by their abusers was ______.

A) perpetrator took advantage of survivor's voluntary intoxication
B) perpetrator gave survivor alcohol or drugs without her knowledge
C) perpetrator used force
D) perpetrator threatened survivor

Question 10

______ sexual abuse is where a victim is physically unable to consent to sex.

A) Coercive
B) Exploitive
C) Incapacitated
D) Forced

Question 11

A college study identified ______ as the most common "rape drug."

A) alcohol
B) marijuana
C) rookies
D) molly

Question 12

In many states, the concept of "rape" is consistently limited to ______.

A) incapacitated and drug-/alcohol-facilitated rapes
B) sexual assault with foreign objects
C) penile-vaginal penetration
D) anal and oral rape

Question 13

Which of the following statements pertaining to the historical development of the definition of rape and other sexual abuses is true?

A) The legal definition of rape was all encompassing; it included most sexual abuses.
B) Rape was once used to justify a woman's place in the home.
C) Conviction for the abusers was common.
D) Women who reported being raped were always found to be credible.

Question 14

Which of the following legal changes occurred following the second wave of the women's movement in the 1970s?

A) recognition that most sexual abuse victims and offenders do not know each other
B) narrowing of the definition of "rape"
C) recognition that sexual abuse can be forceful
D) sexual abuse can be committed by any gender and any gender can be victimized

Question 15

When sexual abuse was first becoming defined as a social issue, the focus was on ______ rapes.

A) adolescent-acquaintance
B) adult-acquaintance
C) adult-stranger
D) adolescent-stranger

Question 16

The frequent portrayal of rapists as psychotic and crazy is consistent with which of the following rape myths?

A) Rapists/sexual abusers are sick.
B) Alcohol/drugs cause rape.
C) People living in rural countryside are more likely to support rape.
D) Rapists/sexual abusers are "over-sexed."

Question 17

According to studies on cyber rapes, ______ women/girls were the primary targets of violence, followed by ______ women/girls.

A) White; Latinx
B) Latinx; African American
C) African American; Asian American
D) Asian American; White

Question 18

Which channel was referred to as the "date rape channel" in an article in The New York Magazine?

A) FOX
B) ABC
C) MTV
D) HBO

Question 19

According to the text, although disclosure is difficult for most sexual abuse survivors, they are more likely to disclose their victimization to ______.

A) criminal legal system officials
B) friends and family
C) health care providers
D) researches

Question 20

Victims who report experiences that meet a legal definition of rape but do not label their experiences as such or even as a victimization are referred to as ______.

A) known rape victims
B) recognized rape victims
C) documented rape victims
D) unacknowledged rape victims

Question 21

Which of the following statements pertaining to unacknowledged rape victim incidents is true?

A) They are more likely to have been forceful and violent.
B) They are more likely to have involved drugs/alcohol.
C) They are more likely to have involved more victim resistance.
D) They are more likely to have involved a stranger perpetrator.

Question 22

In a study of NCVS data, statisticians found a "gag effect" in which women who were raped did not report victimization for which reason?

A) The interviewer was of the opposite sex.
B) The survivor was elderly.
C) The spouse was present during the interview.
D) The survey was conducted in person.

Question 23

According to Brown and her colleagues (2009), when there is no actual or threated force and the victim is not too drunk or high to consent, it is referred to as ______.

A) incapacitated rape
B) forcible rape
C) verbally coercive rape
D) nonverbally coercive rape

Question 24

The Oedipus complex theory of innate erotic attraction of children to parents was proposed by which individual?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Alfred Adler
D) Wilheim Reich

Question 25

Which of the following statements pertaining to child sexual abuse is true?

A) The riskiest age for victimization is only the adolescence period.
B) It is gendered; girls experience more victimization than boys.
C) Unlike girls, boys do not face epidemic risks of child sexual abuse.
D) It was not labeled as a problem until the 2000s.

Question 26

According to the author, an overview of the research on child sexual abuse did not find ______ to be risk factors for child sexual abuse.

A) class or race/ethnicity
B) race/ethnicity or gender
C) gender or age
D) age or class

Question 27

Most of the research on college sexual assault has focused on which population?

A) male college staff
B) male fraternities
C) male student athletes
D) male professors

Question 28

Most of the phenomenon commonly referred to as "marital rape" occurs by ______.

A) husbands/wives
B) former spouses/partners
C) cohabiting couples
D) same-sex relationships

Question 29

Which of the following statements pertaining to marital/spousal rape is true?

A) Marital rape is portrayed by the media as a serious and complex issue that need to be addressed.
B) Women sexually assaulted by their husbands are the least at risk of being killed by their partners.
C) Men tend to view their views as property and can keep them more isolated than most rapists.
D) They are more likely to be nonviolent and highly coercive, rather than violent.

Question 30

Compared to the unmarried intimate partner couples, married intimate partner ______.

A) abusers and victims were younger
B) victims had less injuries
C) sexual violence was more likely to include sexual penetration
D) victims consistently sought help

Question 31

According to research, married intimate partners were more likely to be ______.

A) Latinx
B) White
C) African American
D) Asian American

Question 32

Dating, and less seriously abusive, intimate partners have been found to be disproportionately ______.

A) Latinx
B) White
C) African American
D) Asian American

Question 33

Which crime is a Title IX violation, which is legally interpreted as an offense that happens in the workplace or in the context of education?

A) stalking
B) sexual harassment
C) rape
D) sexual assault

Question 34

Promising a student a grade or some other education or work favor for complying with a sexual request is an example of ______.

A) exploitation
B) stalking
C) hostile environment
D) quid pro quo harassment

Question 35

Sexually suggestive photos or notes that make a person's work or educational environment intimidating or offensive is an example of ______.

A) exploitation
B) stalking
C) hostile environment
D) quid pro quo harassment

Question 36

Sexist remarks putting down women, but not necessarily sexual in nature, are an example of ______.

A) sexual coercion
B) sexual bribery
C) seductive behavior
D) gender harassment

Question 37

Sexual advances or requests to discuss the victim's personal and sexual life are an example of ______.

A) sexual coercion
B) sexual bribery
C) seductive behavior
D) gender harassment

Question 38

Soliciting sex with a promise of a reward is an example of what type of harassment?

A) gross sexual imposition
B) sexual bribery
C) seductive behavior
D) gender harassment

Question 39

Threatening someone with punishment for failing to comply with a sexual demand is an example of ______.

A) sexual coercion
B) gender harassment
C) sexual bribery
D) gross sexual imposition

Question 40

According to Till's (1980) continuum of sexual harassment, ______ constitutes one of the last and most severe levels.

A) seductive behavior
B) gender harassment
C) sexual coercion
D) indecent exposure

Question 41

A professor tells a student that if she does not go out with him, she is going to flunk the course. This is an example of ______.

A) sexual bribery
B) sexual coercion
C) gender harassment
D) gross sexual imposition

Question 42

What is the key to sexual harassment?

A) power
B) consent
C) force
D) pressure

Question 43

An employee sexually harassing a supervisor is an example of ______.

A) traditional power sexual harassment
B) peer sexual harassment
C) quid pro quo sexual harassment
D) contrapower sexual harassment

Question 44

Most survivors prefer which punishment for their abusers?

A) restitution
B) community supervision
C) retribution
D) incarceration

Question 45

A study of incarcerated women survivors of in-person sexual abuse found that the women were more likely to report their victimization to prison authorities if they ______.

A) had physical injuries
B) were older
C) where sexually assaulted more than once
D) if they had over 12 years left to serve

Question 46

According to Bosick and colleagues (2012), which age-group is the least likely to report sexual abuse to police?

A) children
B) adolescents
C) young adults
D) elderly

Question 47

When a crime is ______, it means that the suspect was arrested or the crime is considered solved because the suspect has been identified, but beyond the ability of the police to arrest.

A) cleared
B) unfounded
C) arraigned
D) indicted

Question 48

The initial determination by the police officer that the reported incident constitutes criminal sexual assault as define by state statute is referred to as ______.

A) charging
B) discovery
C) indictment
D) case founding

Question 49

Prosecutors moving the case forward and court convictions are more likely when ______.

A) the victim and defendant are acquaintances
B) the defendant uses coercion, rather than physical force
C) the victim promptly reports the crime to the police
D) the defendant lacks a traditional moral character

Question 50

Some court room decisions discriminate against victims who are unconventional, such as those who are ______.

A) in racial/ethnic minorities
B) of low socioeconomic status
C) undocumented
D) addicted to drugs/alcohol

Question 51

Most sexual abuses, including rapes, are committed by individuals who are strangers to the victim.

Question 52

Consent can be made both verbally and nonverbally.

Question 53

Sexual abuse runs on a continuum from force to coercion.

Question 54

Throughout history, rape laws were aimed mostly at protecting all women and girls, regardless of socioeconomic status.

Question 55

Rape myths blame the victims, excuse the rapists, and minimize rape.

Question 56

Rape is institutionalized, and we have a rape culture when we see strong adherence to rape myths and institutions' general lack of willingness to punish abusers.

Question 57

Prevalence rates are measured as rates within some period prior to the interview or survey.

Question 58

Street harassment is often "catcalls" by men at women/girls.

Question 59

The largest focus of sexual harassment research is on girls in middle school and high school.

Question 60

Many people view sexual harassment as harmless or even flattering.

Question 61

Scholars have argued that credibility discounting, which is dominant response to rape survivors at every stage of the criminal process, is not discrimination.

Question 62

Victim resistance is primarily assessed through physical resistance.

Question 63

Victim credibility is often meted out in extra-legal factors such as victim resistance, victim demographic characteristics, and victim moral character.

Question 64

Rapes unfounded by the police still appear in the official statistics of victimization, such as the Uniform Crime Reports.

Question 65

Unfounding is when police or sometimes prosecutors dismiss the case because there is not sufficient evidence and they believe that it is a "false charge."

Question 66

Among violent index crimes, rape cases have the highest clearance rate.

Question 67

Many of the disenfranchising, extra-legal characteristics about victims are the same characteristics that place individuals most at risk of sexual abuse.

Question 68

Many sexual assault convictions result in jail/prison sentences for the perpetrators.

Question 69

Much of the research on what influence court outcomes in rape cases is conducted busing mock jurors.

Question 70

Rape crisis centers are a part of the criminal legal system.

Question 71

Explain what happens when the definition of sexual abuse is restricted.

Question 72

Discuss the three major legal changes that started with the second wave of the women's movement in the 1970s.

Question 73

Legally, sexual harassment has been identified as potentially occurring in two manners. What are those two manners? You may use examples to illustrate the two manners.

Question 74

Illustrate Till's (1980) continuum of sexual harassment.

Question 75

Why are rape survivors motivated in taking part in the court sentencing of their rapists?