Deck 16: Which Test Should I Use and Why

Question 1

Since computers can handle more complex calculations, you can be assured that any data fed into the computer will produce meaningful conclusions.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Responses measured with a Likert scale can be treated as interval or ordinal data.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When a correlation between two variables exists, that means that the means of both variables are significantly different.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A correlation is a method of analyzing qualitative data.

Question 5

The independent samples t-test can compare the means of up to three independent groups.

Question 6

If you would like to compare the means of more than two groups that are not independent from each other, you should use ANOVA.

Question 7

Parametric tests have assumptions that do not exist in non-parametric tests.

Question 8

If you have ordinal data but a sample size that is large enough, you can use a parametric test.

Question 9

The Spearman rank-ordered correlation coefficient is an example of a non-parametric statistic.

Question 10

Parametric tests are used when the groups being compared are independent of each other.

Question 11

Tests that involve nominal data are the same as tests that involve ratio data.

Question 12

If Marcy wants to know whether there is a significant difference between three groups with ordinal data, she should use the three-way ANOVA.

Question 13

The Pearson correlation coefficient allows you to test the interaction between two variables.

Question 14

If Enrica wants to examine the interaction between two variables, she can use the one-way ANOVA.

Question 15

If Judy wants to compare two means that are drawn from different samples, she should use the independent samples t-test.

Question 16

Parametric tests give you a p-value, while non-parametric tests do not.

Question 17

If Cynthia wants to compare a set of five independent means, she can use the one-way ANOVA.

Question 18

If Lianna wants to compare a sample mean to the population mean and she knows the population standard deviation, she should use the z-test.

Question 19

The type of test that you choose should take into consideration both the hypotheses and the type of outcome variable.

Question 20

If your outcome variable is interval, you will end up using a different type of test than if your outcome variable is ratio.

Question 21

An independent samples t-test allows you to test…

A) Whether the two samples are related
B) Whether two means are different from one another
C) Whether subjects in a sample differ from the population mean on average
D) Whether samples in a sample differ from a normal distribution

Question 22

A one-sample t-test allows you to test…

A) Whether the two samples are related
B) Whether two means are different from one another
C) Whether subjects in a sample differ from the population mean on average
D) Whether samples in a sample differ from a normal distribution

Question 23

A dependent samples t-test allows you to test…

A) Whether a difference between two related samples exists
B) Whether two means are different from one another
C) Whether subjects in a sample differ from the population mean on average
D) Whether samples in a sample differ from a normal distribution

Question 24

Gianna wants to find out if the intelligence scores of a group of students on a gluten-free diet is different from the average intelligence of students on a non-gluten-free diet. What test is most suited to Gianna's research?

A) A correlation
B) A z-test
C) An independent samples t-test
D) A dependent samples t-test

Question 25

Finding the correlation between two variables allows you to…

A) Establish whether there is a difference between the means of the effects of both variables
B) Establish whether subjects in a sample differ from the population mean on average
C) Establish whether there is a meaningful relationship between the two variables
D) None of the above

Question 26

Diana is running a dependent samples t-test. She is interested in:

A) Whether two means are different from one another
B) Whether a difference between two related samples exists
C) Whether her subjects differ from the population mean on average
D) Whether her samples differ from a normal distribution

Question 27

Ben would like to compare two independent sample means. He can use:

A) ANOVA only
B) Independent samples t-test only
C) ANOVA or independent samples t-test
D) Chi-square test only

Question 28

Jennifer would like to compare two means generated from twin samples where each twin in a pair belonged to a different group from the other twin. She can use:

A) Repeated measures ANOVA only
B) Dependent samples t-test only
C) Repeated measure ANOVA or dependent samples t-test
D) Chi-square test only

Question 29

Fred would like to compare a sample mean to the population mean but he does not know the population standard deviation. He can use:

A) Independent samples t-test
B) One-sample t-test or ANOVA
C) One-sample t-test only
D) Z-test or one-sample t-test

Question 30

Fanny would like to simultaneously compare the means of three independent groups. She can use:

A) ANOVA only
B) Independent samples t-test only
C) ANOVA or independent samples t-test
D) Chi-square test only

Question 31

William hypothesizes that money spent on shopping decreases with age for individuals over 60. He should test his hypothesis with:

A) The z-test
B) The Pearson correlation coefficient
C) The single-sample t-test
D) The Wilcoxon signed-rank t-test

Question 32

For which of the following research questions is the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient appropriate?

A) Peter wants to find whether the means of two independent groups are significantly different.
B) Joyce wants to find out whether the means of two dependent groups are significantly different.
C) Bryan wants to find out whether the mean of his observed sample is significantly different from the population.
D) None of the above

Question 33

Which of the following is a test that makes parametric assumptions?

A) One-way chi-square test
B) Spearman rank-ordered correlation coefficient
C) Mann-Whitney U-test
D) Z-test

Question 34

Which of the following is true about the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank-ordered correlation coefficient?

A) Both tests make the same assumptions.
B) Both tests deal with ordinal data.
C) Both tests can produce a negative coefficient.
D) None of the above.

Question 35

The Spearman rank-ordered correlation coefficient is to the Pearson correlation coefficient as the Mann-Whitney U test is to…

A) Z-test
B) One-sample t-test
C) Independent samples t-test
D) One-way chi-square test

Question 36

What is the parametric alternative to the matched samples t-test?

A) The independent samples t-test
B) The Wilcoxon signed-rank t-test
C) The one-way chi-square test
D) The Mann-Whitney U-test

Question 37

Which of the following tests assumes that the Central Limit Theorem is true?

A) ANOVA
B) Wilcoxon signed-rank test
C) Chi-square test
D) Mann-Whitney U-test

Question 38

Heidi is studying the effects of vitamin supplements and gender on infant growth. She would like to find out if it is true that vitamin supplements influence the growth of male infants but not female infants. Which of the following tests is most suitable for Heidi's study?

A) One-way ANOVA
B) Two-way ANOVA
C) Independent samples t-test
D) Dependent samples t-test

Question 39

If you are conducting research and do not know the standard deviation of the underlying population, which of the tests below would you immediately not be able to use?

A) Single-sample t-test
B) One-way ANOVA
C) Any non-parametric test
D) Z-test

Question 40

If you are conducting research and do not know the mean of the underlying population, which of the tests below would you immediately not be able to use?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) One-way ANOVA
C) Single-sample t-test
D) Mann-Whitney U-test

Question 41

The one-way chi-square tests the…

A) Frequency of discrete outcomes
B) Difference between sample means
C) Relationship between two variables
D) None of the above

Question 42

What is an additional feature of the two-way ANOVA that is not present in a one-way ANOVA?

A) A two-way ANOVA allows you to examine the relationship between two variables.
B) A two-way ANOVA allows you to examine multiple levels of a single variable.
C) A two-way ANOVA allows you to examine whether the effects of a variable on the outcome measure depends on the levels of another variable.
D) A two-way ANOVA allows you to examine whether the effects of two variables on an outcome variable are independent from each other.

Question 43

What is a difference between the two-way chi-square test and the two-way ANOVA?

A) The two-way chi-square test assumes that the central limit theorem is true while the two-way ANONA does not.
B) The two-way chi-square test produced a p-value while the two-way ANOVA does not.
C) The two-way chi-square test allows you to test the interaction of interval data while the two-way ANOVA does not.
D) None of the above.

Question 44

Ava is studying the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on infant development. She asks a sample of mothers how many drinks they have a week and then has a pediatric nurse score the behavioral development of the infant on a Likert scale. Which of the following tests is most suitable for Ava's use?

A) Independent samples t-test
B) Dependent samples t-test
C) Two-way ANOVA
D) Pearson correlation coefficient

Question 45

Which of the following tests will allow you to answer a research question that involves an interaction between two variables on an ordinal outcome?

A) Two-way ANOVA
B) One-way ANOVA
C) Two-way chi-square test
D) One-way chi-square test

Question 46

Phoebe wants to know if feeding a new type of medicine to rats will cause them to learn how to run a maze more quickly. She has a sample of 20 rats and randomly assigns ten to the new medicine and ten to a placebo. She then records the time, in seconds, taken by each rat to complete a maze. What test should Phoebe use for her study? Why?

Question 47

List three examples of parametric tests and three examples of non-parametric tests. Briefly state why you would use one group of tests but not the other.

Question 48

If you would like to test whether the means from three groups that are dependent on each other differ, what test would you use? Why?

Question 49

Kelly would like to know if the mean of her sample is significantly different from the population mean. What test should she use? Why?

Question 50

Estelle would like to find out if there is a trend between two variables, both of which are on an interval scale. What test should she use? Why?