Deck 12: The Media

Question 1

Which United States' president stated: "The flow of ideas, the capacity to make informed choices, the ability to criticize, all of the assumptions on which political democracy rests, depend largely on communications?"

A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt
C) Harry Truman
D) Dwight Eisenhower
E) John Kennedy

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The tension between ___________ and __________ is one of several key issues related to the role of mass media in a democratic society.

A) informed citizenry and informed government officials
B) freedom of press and government restrictions
C) right to assemble and national security
D) freedoms of society versus order of society
E) All of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Who noted that "censorship in free societies is necessarily more complex and calculated than in dictatorships"?

A) Ralph W. Emerson
B) David Thoreau
C) Roger Wilkins
D) George Orwell
E) John F. Kennedy
F) Ronald Reagan

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to the various means through which information is transferred from its sources to large numbers of people.

A) socialization
B) yellow journalism
C) advertising
D) mass media
E) censorship

Question 5

The Federalist Papers were originally published in

A) The Boston Globe.
B) The New York Times.
C) The Washington Times.
D) the New York Independent Journal.
E) the News Democrat.

Question 6

A form of journalism characterized by "half-truth, innuendo, and outright lies" is called

A) yellow journalism.
B) muckraking.
C) investigative reporting.
D) a talk show.
E) slander.

Question 7

What did early political leaders see as the key to public education about the new political system?

A) the press
B) the church
C) the Constitution
D) the Congress
E) the family.

Question 8

Time magazine is often described as being created by one of the first true nationalist propagandists. Who was the founder of Time?

A) David Halbersstam
B) Matt Drudge
C) Alexander Hamilton
D) William Randoplh Hearst
E) e. Henry Luce

Question 9

During the nineteenth century, journalistic style

A) remained very similar to what it was before the Civil War.
B) could not be distinguished among newspapers.
C) had little effect on the public's knowledge of current events.
D) changed significantly.
E) remained focused on sensationalism.

Question 10

What term is associated with a character from John Bunyan's work, the Pilgrim's Progress?

A) muckraking
B) yellow journalism
C) sound bite
D) blogging
E) investigative reporting

Question 11

"Yellow journalism" is usually associated with

A) Sara Smith and John Reynolds.
B) Richard Simpson and Martin Cassey.
C) Greg Stiles and Kevin Smith.
D) Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.
E) Anderson Cooper and Sanjay Gupta

Question 12

From the 1930s until the end of WWII, which was the dominant popular medium?

A) newspapers
B) the Internet
C) television
D) mailings
E) radio

Question 13

Probably the most successful use of radio by a politician were the famous

A) "Sunday conversations" by President Ronald Reagan.
B) "fireside chats" by President Franklin Roosevelt.
C) "evenings with Bill" by President Bill Clinton.
D) "Saturday morning addresses" by President George W. Bush.
E) "afternoon chats" with President Barack Obama.

Question 14

In the 21^st century, what percent of television news stories are shown on the day they occur?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%
E) e. 100%

Question 15

Going ________ is playing an increasingly important role in obtaining and disseminating political information.

A) online
B) to Washington, D. C.
C) rogue
D) public
E) on television.

Question 16

Which of the following is considered to be an important function of the media?

A) championing a specific cause that is important to journalists and media owners
B) interpreting world events
C) making contributions to candidates running for political office
D) helping to build better political parties
E) attracting revenue through advertisers

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the media?

A) surveillance of world events
B) interpretation of events
C) socialization of individuals into cultural settings
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 18

In their __________ role, the media function as "sense extensions" for people who do not participate directly in events.

A) interpretation
B) advertising
C) socialization
D) educational
E) surveillance

Question 19

Scholars have found that the media's coverage of particular issues may lead voters to weigh those issues more heavily in evaluating elected officials. This phenomena is called:

A) Priming
B) Framing
C) Agenda setting
D) Spinning
E) None of the above

Question 20

Investigative journalism is characterized by

A) innuendo.
B) extensive coverage.
C) anonymous sources.
D) libel.
E) slander.

Question 21

The process by which people learn to conform to their society's norms and values is known as

A) socialization.
B) adjustment.
C) evolution.
D) adaptation.
E) interpretation.

Question 22

The most familiar historical example of investigative journalism occurred during the

A) economic depression of the 1930s.
B) end of World War II.
C) Korean Conflict.
D) 1970s Watergate scandal.
E) Vietnam Conflict

Question 23

Who was president when classified documents were passed on to The New York Times regarding the Vietnam War?

A) Harry Truman
B) John Kennedy
C) Lyndon B. Johnson
D) Richard Nixon
E) Gerald Ford

Question 24

The media is regulated by the

A) National Broadcasting Committee.
B) Federal Communications Commission.
C) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
D) National Security Administration.
E) Department of Homeland Security

Question 25

The Federal Communications Act was passed in

A) 1936.
B) 1937.
C) 1919.
D) 1934.
E) 1920

Question 26

Broadcasting is viewed as a public resource. Therefore it can be regulated under

A) a writ of mandamus.
B) the equal protection clause.
C) the scarcity doctrine.
D) the rules of engagement.
E) the right of rebuttal

Question 27

The equal time rule holds that

A) a station must give free time to all interest groups.
B) a station must give free time to all religious organizations.
C) equal blocks of time must be made available to all political candidates.
D) the "National Anthem" must be aired at least twice a day.
E) a certain percentage of airtime must be devoted to the public interest.

Question 28

Regulation of the media began

A) during the latter part of the 1990s.
B) just before the beginning of World War I.
C) after World War I.
D) after the Korean Conflict.
E) during the Vietnam War.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the four guidelines by which electronic media is regulated?

A) rules limiting the number of stations owned or controlled by a single organization
B) examinations of the goals and performances of stations as part of periodic licensing
C) rules mandating public service and local interest programs
D) limitations on advertising dollars earned in a given quarter
E) none of the above

Question 30

The ______________ is the basis for the FCC's regulation of the political content of radio
And television broadcasts.

A) scarcity doctrine
B) First Amendment
C) equal protection clause
D) fairness doctrine
E) reciprocity doctrine

Question 31

The fairness doctrine was upheld by the Supreme Court in the case of

A) Sullivan v. New York Times.
B) Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC.
C) Marbury v. Madison.
D) Bull v. Carter.
E) Brown v. Board of Education

Question 32

The right of rebuttal

A) is illegal.
B) was vetoed by President Reagan in 1983.
C) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
D) was guaranteed by the FCC.
E) is part of the fairness doctrine.

Question 33

Prior restraint is the same as

A) muckraking.
B) libel.
C) censorship.
D) the equal time rule.
E) slander.

Question 34

Ross Perot

A) spent very little money pursuing his quest for the presidency.
B) seldom appeared on television talk shows.
C) bought large blocks of time for his "infomercials."
D) was not affected by any government regulation regarding his quest for the presidency.
E) ran as Republican in the 2008 election.

Question 35

Who gave The New York Times copies of classified documents on the Vietnam War?

A) James Farley
B) Valerie Plame
C) Roger Elton
D) Daniel Ellsberg
E) Lyndon Johnson

Question 36

________ occurs when published material damages a person's reputation in an untruthful way.

A) Censorship
B) Muckracking
C) Prior restraint
D) Interpretation
E) Libel

Question 37

According to Ben Bagdikian, most media outlets are owned by

A) foreign companies.
B) five corporations.
C) Time-Warner.
D) Oprah Winfrey.
E) Ted Turner.

Question 38

Establishing the bases of ideological bias in the government is complicated by

A) inaccurate reporting by newscasters
B) secrecy of government in terms of news
C) c. symbiotic relationship between press and government
D) the use of "official" sources for news
E) the large number of owners of media outlets.

Question 39

Whose portrayal of Sarah Palin in the 2008 elections became a pop culture phenomenon?

A) Hillary Clinton
B) Michelle Obama
C) Joan Rivers
D) Rosie O'Donnell
E) Tina Fey

Question 40

Today there are approximately ____________ Black newspapers in the United States.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 200
D) 400
E) 1,000

Question 41

Conservatives seeking out media sources they perceive to be right-leaning, and liberals consuming media from sources they perceive as more left-wing is an example of:

A) Selective exposure
B) Source material
C) Proportional representation
D) Press freedom
E) None of the above

Question 42

The tension between freedom of the press and government restrictions on that freedom is one of the several key issues related to the role of mass media in democratic society.

Question 43

George Orwell observed, "censorship in free societies is necessarily more complex and calculated than in dictatorships."

Question 44

At a minimum, democracy requires that citizens receive objective information so they can make informed decisions about candidates, policies, and government activities.

Question 45

The job of the media entails simplifying complex and detailed realities into symbols and images.

Question 46

No other nation in the world enjoys the degree of media freedom found in the United States.

Question 47

The New York Times reporter Judith Miller did not have to spend any time in jail for refusing to testify before a grand jury investigating the leak of a CIA covert officer.
False

Question 48

The importance of the press in American politics dates from the Civil War period, when newspapers served as effective tools for mobilizing public opinion.

Question 49

Early political leaders saw the press as the key to public education.

Question 50

Newspapers were the primary vehicle for the debate over the ratification of the Constitution.

Question 51

President George Washington ignored the "importance of facilitating the circulation of political intelligence and information through the press."

Question 52

The mass media revolution more or less began with the September 3, 1883, issue of The New York Sun.

Question 53

Newspaper readership is on a steady rise.

Question 54

During the nineteenth century, journalistic style changed significantly.

Question 55

Muckraking is a term used to describe a style of investigative reporting that uncovered many scandals.

Question 56

Yellow journalism is associated with the controversial "Yellow Man" comic strip.

Question 57

More and more, newspapers are printing stories formerly reserved to tabloids such as the National Enquirer.

Question 58

Henry Luce's impact on mass-readership magazines extended beyond politics.

Question 59

Radio enjoyed a brief but important heyday as a significant source of political information for the American public.

Question 60

Bill Clinton's "fireside chats" are considered the most successful use of the radio by a president.

Question 61

One of radio's premier news reporters, Edward R. Murrow, established standards of integrity and editorial skill that continue to this day.

Question 62

Radio's popularity began to ebb at the end of the Vietnam War.

Question 63

Unlike newspapers, magazines, and radio, television developed primarily as an educational medium.

Question 64

Television is the more pervasive and effective than any other form of mass communication.

Question 65

Satellite technology has made television an instantaneous means of global communication.

Question 66

Cable television was developed in the 1950s to bring television programming to remote areas.

Question 67

Narrowcasting refers to the decline of profits in a media market.

Question 68

Very few government agencies or bureaucracies have websites.

Question 69

Today there are over 100 million blogs on the worldwide web.

Question 70

The ability of the media to decide what constitutes news is a controversial aspect of their surveillance role.

Question 71

Investigative reporters look for abuses and corruption within government and the private sector.

Question 72

A prime example of investigative reporting is the story about neglect of soldiers at Walter Reed Hospital.

Question 73

Journalism may have changed since the days of the muckrakers, as the technology and political culture of America have changed, but the spirit of the muckraker lives on in the practice of investigative journalism.

Question 74

Socialization is the process by which people learn to conform to their society's norms and values.

Question 75

The "scarcity doctrine" has taken the form of three rules of the airwaves. These include equal time rule, the unfair doctrine, and the right of rebuttal.

Question 76

Regulation of the media began after World War I, in the heyday of radio.

Question 77

The equal time rule has become insignificant in importance as applied to recent presidential campaigns.

Question 78

The fairness doctrine, now abandoned, required radio and television stations to provide a reasonable percentage of time for programs dealing with issues of public interest.

Question 79

The right of rebuttal is the right to refute allegations presented on radio within a reasonable period of time.

Question 80

Prior restraint is an action taken by government to prevent the publication of controversial materials.