Question 1

What contributed to the Church's need for reform? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Unfit popes&#10;B) Simony&#10;C) Paganism&#10;D) Peasant disinterest in religion

Accepted Answer

The Church's need for reform was primarily driven by issues such as unfit popes who were corrupt, simony (the buying and selling of church positions), and other forms of corruption and abuse of power within the Church. Paganism and peasant disinterest in religion were not major contributing factors to the need for reform.

Question 2

What was unique about the founding of the abbey of Cluny?&#10;A) It was granted its own independence&#10;B) It was the biggest abbey ever founded&#10;C) It was founded by the pope&#10;D) It was a double monastery

Accepted Answer

The founding of the abbey of Cluny was unique because it was granted its own independence, meaning that it was not under the control of any bishop or secular ruler. This independence allowed the Cluniac monks to have more autonomy and freedom in their spiritual pursuits. While the abbey of Cluny was certainly a large and influential institution, it was not the biggest abbey ever founded. It was also not founded by the pope, although it did have close ties to the papacy. Finally, the abbey of Cluny was not a double monastery, as it consisted only of male monks.

Question 3

Which of the following was most important to commoners' spiritual lives?&#10;A) Public confession&#10;B) Consecrated priests&#10;C) Saints and their relics&#10;D) Entry into monastic life

Accepted Answer

Saints and their relics were highly valued by commoners in medieval Europe. They believed that the saints could intercede with God on their behalf and often made pilgrimages to shrines and churches where relics were housed. Relics were believed to have healing powers and provided a tangible connection to the divine. Public confession, consecrated priests, and entry into monastic life were also important aspects of spiritual life, but not as crucial as the veneration of saints and their relics.

Question 4

Which sector of ecclesiastical society drove the reform movement?&#10;A) The pope&#10;B) Priests&#10;C) Monks&#10;D) Bishops

Accepted Answer

Bishops were the sector of ecclesiastical society that drove the reform movement. They were responsible for overseeing the various dioceses and were often the ones to initiate reforms within their own regions. Additionally, bishops had the power to participate in Church councils, where they could advocate for changes on a larger scale.

Question 5

What did Leo IX do to improve the general view of the papacy?&#10;A) He traveled widely, performing masses and receiving confessions&#10;B) He acted as a nominal figurehead, permitting bishops to rule over church issues&#10;C) He abdicated the papal throne in favor of a more fitting candidate&#10;D) He used simony to place pro-reform bishops in office

Accepted Answer

Leo IX's extensive travels and personal involvement in religious ceremonies helped to improve the general view of the papacy by making it more visible and accessible to the people. He also used these travels to promote church reform and combat abuses like simony and clerical marriage. His actions helped to elevate the status of the papal office and demonstrate its authority over the wider Christian world.

Question 6

Pope Nicholas II condemned the practice of __________, by which secular rulers installed clergy in ecclesiastical offices.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pope Nicholas II condemned the practice of...

Question 7

What prompted Emperor Henry IV to fight back against increasing papal power?&#10;A) The Dictatus papae&#10;B) The Papal Election Decree&#10;C) The pilgrimage to Canossa&#10;D) The Council of Sutri

Accepted Answer

The Dictatus Papae was a decree issued by Pope Gregory VII in 1075, which asserted the pope's authority over secular rulers, including the power to depose emperors. This directly challenged the authority of Emperor Henry IV, prompting him to fight back against the increasing papal power.

Question 8

Those who died during crusades received a __________, the full remission of their sins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those who died during crusades received a...

Question 9

According to Robert the Monk, what rhetoric did Urban II use to appeal to his audience at Clermont? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) He specifically and graphically detailed violence against women&#10;B) He described vicious atrocities committed against Christians&#10;C) He praised the knights' bravery to remind them of their duty&#10;D) He encouraged them to live up to the standards of their ancestors

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Robert the Monk, what rhetoric...

Question 10

The belief in _________ prompted an increase in penitential pilgrimage as a way of preempting punishment for future sins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The belief in _________ prompted an increase...

Question 11

What religion did the Saljuq Turks subscribe to?&#10;A) Zoroastrianism&#10;B) Sunni Islam&#10;C) Shi'ite Islam&#10;D) Nestorianism

Accepted Answer

The answer of What religion did the Saljuq Turks subscribe...

Question 12

The Byzantine defeat at the battle of __________ prompted the emperor to ask for military aid from the Latin West.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Byzantine defeat at the battle of...

Question 13

What did the Byzantine emperor promise in return for Western aid against the Saljuqs?&#10;A) The expulsion of the Jews from Byzantine lands&#10;B) A permanent alliance against all non-Christians&#10;C) The conversion of Greek Christians to Latin Christianity&#10;D) The reunification of the Greek and Latin Churches

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did the Byzantine emperor promise in...

Question 14

Considering posture and gestures, which figure is depicted as all-powerful in this fresco?&#10;A) Pope Sylvester I&#10;B) Emperor Constantine&#10;C) The personified city of Rome&#10;D) Local bishops

Accepted Answer

The answer of   Considering posture and gestures, which...

Question 15

What happened when the crusaders finally arrived in Jerusalem in 1099?&#10;A) They peacefully took control of the city&#10;B) They destroyed the city walls and the Tower of David&#10;C) They slaughtered the inhabitants&#10;D) They handed it back over to the Byzantine emperor

Accepted Answer

The answer of What happened when the crusaders finally arrived...

Question 16

During his first crusade, how did Louis IX travel to the Holy Land?&#10;A) By sea from the port of Aigues-Mortes&#10;B) By land via the Italian peninsula&#10;C) By sea with a stop in Tunis&#10;D) By land through the Balkans

Accepted Answer

The answer of   During his first crusade, how...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a crusader state established after the First Crusade?&#10;A) The county of Damietta&#10;B) The county of Edessa&#10;C) The principality of Antioch&#10;D) The kingdom of Jerusalem

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 18

What main problem did the crusader states face after the First Crusade?&#10;A) Increased splintering among Christian groups in the Holy Land&#10;B) A shortage of Christian knights to defend and rule the states&#10;C) Dynastic problems in the kingdom of Jerusalem&#10;D) The betrayal of emirs who sabotaged Frankish victories

Accepted Answer

The answer of What main problem did the crusader states...

Question 19

What prompted the call for the Second Crusade?&#10;A) The rise of the Fatimids in Egypt&#10;B) The accession of Nur ad-Din to the position of sultan&#10;C) The death of King Baldwin of Jerusalem&#10;D) The loss of the county of Edessa to Zangi

Accepted Answer

The answer of What prompted the call for the Second...

Question 20

What best characterizes the reforms instituted by the Cistercian order?&#10;A) Ascetic, contemplative lives in individual cells&#10;B) Charitable participation in the secular world&#10;C) Wandering preaching to the masses&#10;D) Disciplined return to the original Rule of St Benedict

Accepted Answer

The answer of What best characterizes the reforms instituted by...

Deck 10: The Reform of the Church