Deck 6: Screening for Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

What is usually the first sign of vascular occlusive disease?

A) Wounds over the ankle
B) Rubor in the lower extremities
C) Edema
D) Loss of hair on the toes

Answer 1

D
The first sign of vascular occlusive disease may be the loss of hair on the toes. The most important symptoms of chronic arterial occlusive disease are intermittent claudication and ischemic rest pain.

Question 2

Cardiac referred pain that radiates down the arm follows the distribution of what nerve?

A) Musculocutaneous
B) Median
C) Radial
D) Ulnar

Answer 2

D
Radiating pain down the arm from a cardiac event follows the pattern of the ulnar nerve distribution. Pain of cardiac origin can be experienced in the somatic areas because the heart is supplied by the C3-T4 spinal segments, referring visceral pain to the corresponding somatic area.

Question 3

A patient complains of chest pain and radiating pain into the left shoulder. The patient reports that this pain is made worse by deep breathing, neck movements, and especially with trunk side bending. From this information alone, what is the most likely source of this patient's complaints of pain?

A) Myocardial infarction (MI)
B) Pericarditis
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Coronary artery disease

Answer 3

B
Chest pain from pericarditis closely mimics that of an MI because it is substernal and is associated with cough and may radiate to the left shoulder or supraclavicular area. The pain of an MI is unaffected by position, breathing, or movement whereas the pain associated with pericarditis may be relieved by kneeling on all fours, leaning forward, or sitting upright. Pericardial chest pain is often worse with breathing, swallowing, belching, or neck or trunk movements, especially side bending or rotation.

Question 4

What type of angina is usually brought on by the bursting of a cholesterol-filled plaque in the lining of a coronary artery?

A) Chronic stable angina
B) Resting angina
C) Unstable angina
D) Nocturnal angina

Question 5

Where do most aortic aneurysms occur?

A) Just above the renal arteries
B) Just below the renal arteries
C) In the thorax
D) Below the femoral artery

Question 6

The physical therapist begins an examination of a patient who is currently taking statin medications. The patient complains of muscle aches and joint pain. The physical therapist decides to request the latest laboratory values. What two laboratory values would be abnormally high if the patient were having an adverse reaction to the statin medication?

A) White blood cell count and serum liver enzymes
B) White blood cell count and creatine kinase
C) White blood cell and erythrocyte
D) Serum liver enzymes and creatine kinase

Question 7

What is the most common cardiac arrhythmia?

A) Atrial fibrillation
B) Ventricular fibrillation
C) Sinus bradycardia
D) Sinus tachycardia

Question 8

What is the most common musculoskeletal symptom associated with bacterial endocarditis?

A) Arthralgia in the proximal joints
B) Myalgia in the proximal muscles
C) Arthralgia in the distal joints
D) Myalgia in the distal muscles

Question 9

Which of the following is an early sign of right ventricular failure?

A) Decreased renal function
B) Tachycardia
C) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D) Dependent edema

Question 10

What is the most common site for peripheral arterial aneurysms?

A) Axillary space
B) Cubital fossa
C) Groin
D) Popliteal space

Question 11

What is the greatest risk factor in predicting cardiovascular problems in women?

A) Diabetes
B) Family history
C) Advancing age
D) Birth control pills

Question 12

What is the most common cardiac lesion associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

A) Endocarditis
B) Myocarditis
C) Pericarditis
D) Vasculocarditis

Question 13

During what time of day is the highest likelihood of having a heart attack?

A) Morning
B) Noon
C) Afternoon
D) Night

Question 14

What type of heart valve deformity affects only the mitral valve?

A) Stenosis
B) Insufficiency
C) Regurgitation
D) Prolapse

Question 15

Almost all symptoms of mitral valve prolapse are due to imbalance in what body system?

A) Renal system
B) Muscular system
C) Gastrointestinal system
D) Autonomic nervous system

Question 16

A physical therapist begins the examination of a patient. During the history the patient complains of shortness of breath when lying down. What should be the next action by the physical therapist?

A) Discuss low-intensity aerobic interventions with the client.
B) Contact the client's physician.
C) Discuss high-impact aerobic activities with the client.
D) Discuss the client's diet.