Deck 6: Conflict in the Empire, 1713-1774

Question 1

What proposal was made in 1754 for northern colonies to combine efforts for Indian defense?

Answer 1

Albany Plan of Union.

Question 2

Explain why Indians captured New England colonists between 1675 and 1763.

Answer 2

To replenish their populations and to ransom to the French.

Question 3

What Indian leader welcomed British traders to the Ohio territory because their trade goods were better and cheaper than French goods?

Answer 3

Pontiac.

Question 4

English forces commanded by James Wolfe defeated French forces in what battle that ended the military phase of the French and Indian War?

Question 5

Who was the prime minister of England who saw the French and Indian War as an opportunity to drive the French out of North America?

Question 6

Who called for taxes on molasses and sugar imported to the colonies to raise revenue to help pay for the war with France?

Question 7

Why did colonists reject the British idea of virtual representation?

Question 8

Which new revenue act caused the greatest protest in the colonies?

Question 9

What group led opposition to the tax in Massachusetts?

Question 10

Who was the free black sailor slain in the Boston Massacre?

Question 11

The American Revolution grew out of

A) Britain's ineffective effort to govern the enlarged empire it gained after victory over France in 1763.
B) Colonists' hope for a more lucrative arrangement with France or Spain.
C) European indifference to the Great Awakening.
D) The inability of members of Parliament to adapt to modern technology.

Question 12

Which of the following events was crucial in bringing about the erosion of the relationship between the English colonies and the mother country?

A) James Wolfe's siege of Quebec.
B) British defeat at Ticonderoga.
C) Pitt's appointment as prime minister.
D) Pontiac's rebellion.

Question 13

The most successful method of keeping Indian groups pacified was

A) Assigning them to reservations.
B) Electing them to seats in colonial assemblies.
C) Gifts of trade goods.
D) Providing them unlimited supplies of whiskey.

Question 14

The War of Jenkins's Ear primarily represented a British effort to

A) Expand into Spanish territory and markets in America.
B) Get even with France for losses in the War of the Spanish Succession.
C) Lead American colonists back to a closer relationship with founding companies and proprietors.
D) Punish Spain for torturing American detainees.

Question 15

King George's War (1744-1748) began

A) Because French traders used Indian allies to fight English colonists.
B) Over an attempt to capture St. Augustine.
C) Over succession to the Austrian throne.
D) When American colonists reached the Ohio territory.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about taxes in the colonies prior to 1763 is accurate?

A) Colonists paid higher taxes than British subjects in the mother country.
B) Prior to 1763, colonists paid no taxes at all.
C) Taxation rates were relatively low.
D) Colonial governments were solely financed by taxes paid in the mother country.

Question 17

When asked by the British government to supply money to support imperial wars, colonial assemblies usually

A) Asserted their exemption from taxation without representation.
B) Complied enthusiastically because such wars benefited them directly.
C) Delayed responding until after the Continental Congress had acted.
D) Printed paper money as their contribution.

Question 18

Why did Massachusetts frequently support imperial war efforts?

A) Many in that colony looked to conquer French Quebec.
B) Northeasteners held grievances against France for its monopoly on sugar.
C) Massachusetts maintained a particularly martial political culture.
D) Boston hoped to eliminate the French competition in the slave trade.

Question 19

Between 1675 and 1763, when war was more common than peace,

A) Citizens in all colonies supported the wars enthusiastically.
B) Colonial taxes remained at approximately the same rate.
C) Indians took more than 1,600 New England settlers as captives.
D) Medical advances in treating trauma were dramatic.

Question 20

How did French policy toward Algonquian Indians change after King George's War?

A) France cut back on gifts to Indians to save money.
B) Fur traders increased demands on Indian trappers.
C) More missionaries arrived to preach the Gospel.
D) Restrictions on Indian fraternization with the English were relaxed.

Question 21

Why were New England girls between the ages of 7 and 15 far more likely to remain voluntarily with their native captors?

A) They feared the punishment they would receive from their parents for allowing themselves to get captured.
B) Native tribes offered New England girls special positions of power and privilege.
C) New England girls found Native American boys more interesting.
D) New England girls may well have preferred the freedom of Indian life to their strict Puritan upbringing.

Question 22

How did Miami chieftain Memeskia react when English traders from Pennsylvania reached the Ohio River valley?

A) He was grateful that the hated French were gone.
B) He raised warriors for a holy war against the English invaders.
C) He was wary but willing to listen to their proposals.
D) He welcomed them because their trade goods were better and cheaper than French goods.

Question 23

How did France and England attempt to strengthen their grip on the Ohio territory?

A) They built as many forts as possible.
B) They drove out the Indians so they would not cause trouble until the issue of ownership was settled.
C) They encouraged the building of settlements.
D) They used missionaries to keep Indians peaceful.

Question 24

The French and Indian War began when

A) French leader Jean Valjean led an attack on Fort Ticonderoga.
B) Iroquois leader Tanacharison ceded portions of western Pennsylvania to France.
C) King George II died without a male heir.
D) Virginians led by George Washington attacked a French scouting party near the Forks of the Ohio.

Question 25

The Albany Plan of Union, although unsuccessful, was an

A) Attempt at collective defense against France and its Indian allies.
B) Effort to make Albany, New York, the center of colonial government.
C) Offer from the Iroquois to switch sides in the French and Indian War.
D) Organized protest against Parliamentary trade restrictions.

Question 26

The French dominated the first phase of the French and Indian war because

A) English colonists refused to take the war seriously.
B) Indians on England's side were ineffective.
C) Their military leaders had learned their lessons well in the War of the Spanish Succession.
D) They had four times as many troops in America

Question 27

Regarding the government's request for assistance from the colonies for imperial wars, officials were

A) Confused by 13 different and contradictory responses.
B) Dismayed at what they perceived as the colonists' selfishness.
C) Embarrassed that they had to solicit assistance.
D) Pleased with the colonials' generous response.

Question 28

Regarding the quartering of British troops for the winter in homes of colonists in Philadelphia, Ben Franklin

A) Convinced them to occupy a new hospital building instead.
B) Led a newspaper campaign against the practice.
C) Paid expenses for the soldiers to occupy hotels and taverns.
D) Said it was the colonists' patriotic duty to open their doors to the nation's military service personnel.

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the thoughts of British officers on colonial soldiers?

A) They admired their stamina and discipline.
B) They valued them highly for their local knowledge.
C) They constantly feared their mutiny.
D) They almost unanimously condemned them for their lack of discipline and courage.

Question 30

How did British strategy change under the new prime minister, William Pitt, in 1757?

A) Pitt decided to focus on the European theater of war exclusively.
B) Britain was going to capture India and Pakistan rather than try to expand its North American territory.
C) Pitt took victory in North America as seriously as that in Europe.
D) Pitt made an effort to relieve colonists from military service.

Question 31

After 1757, the goal of Britain in North America was to

A) Dominate trade with Indians.
B) Regain territory lost to France in previous fighting.
C) Seize New France and make it part of the British Empire.
D) Stop other European nations from acquiring colonies in North America.

Question 32

An indication that England had gained the upper hand in the French and Indian War could be seen in

A) Britain's capturing Fort Duquesne and renaming it Fort Pitt.
B) A decline in enlistments in the French army.
C) A decrease in protests against the war.
D) A greater willingness of English colonists to pay taxes to support the war.

Question 33

In the Treaty of Easton (1758), Sir William Johnson promised

A) Algonquian leaders immunity from prosecution for war crimes.
B) France that he would stay out of the Ohio territory.
C) Georgians that they would not have to serve in the war against France if they would detain the Spanish in Florida.
D) Indians that the area west of the Allegheny Mountains would be kept free of settlers.

Question 34

In the decisive battle of Quebec,

A) Britain exhausted its military reserves and was vulnerable to a French counterattack.
B) British commander James Wolfe and French commander Montcalm were killed.
C) Spanish troops tipped the balance in favor of the English.
D) The French operated from an indefensible position.

Question 35

As a consequence of the Peace of Paris, 1763,

A) England agreed to stop colonists from venturing west of the Allegheny Mountains.
B) France and England agreed to joint occupancy of western portions of New France, or Canada.
C) France lost its American empire except for its sugar islands.
D) Spain, as France's ally, also lost its northern provinces to England.

Question 36

When England discontinued providing gifts to Indians after the French and Indian War, the result was

A) That colonists agreed to pay more taxes to retire war debts.
B) That France once more gained favor among the Iroquois.
C) That Indian tribes moved westward.
D) Pontiac's Rebellion.

Question 37

By the Proclamation of 1763, the British government hoped to

A) Confine colonists to an area east of the Allegheny Mountains.
B) Expand settlements into Ohio territory.
C) Raise revenue to retire war debt.
D) Stimulate development in manufacturing so their colonies would not be dependent on extractive industries.

Question 38

What was the result of Lord Dunmore's War?

A) George Washington got a second chance to capture Fort Duquesne.
B) Indian claims to Kentucky were extinguished.
C) John Logan led Virginians to victory over the Mingo Indians.
D) Slaves proved that they could serve creditably as soldiers.

Question 39

What significant change in British military policy occurred in 1763?

A) All British male subjects were responsible for two years of government service.
B) Colonials were admitted to the military preparation school at Whitehall.
C) Colonials were commissioned as officers in the British army.
D) Parliament decided to maintain a large army even in peacetime.

Question 40

Why did Prime Minister Grenville propose new taxes in 1763?

A) He believed that colonists should pay part of the cost of a standing army.
B) France and Spain needed to be compensated for the territory that England acquired from them.
C) He needed funds to build a protective wall against Native Americans along the proclamation line.
D) He wanted to pay off the nation's debt.

Question 41

Why did colonists object to the Sugar Act although the new law lowered an existing tax?

A) Colonists opposed all new tax laws on principle.
B) It favored colonies in the West Indies over mainland colonies.
C) New procedures made sure it was collected.
D) They preferred existing rates of sugar consumption and did not want to change.

Question 42

What was Parliament's specific purpose in passing the Stamp Act?

A) To control the new saving stamp industry.
B) To court favor with the king, a noted stamp collector.
C) To expand its authority over the postal department.
D) To raise revenue.

Question 43

Which of the following forms of government did England combine in its constitution?

A) Communism, fascism, and socialism.
B) Democracy, oligopoly, and monopoly.
C) Democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy.
D) Monarchy, plutocracy, and meritocracy.

Question 44

In England and in the colonies, liberty was looked on as

A) A natural state with the absence of restraint of any kind.
B) Authority to keep and bear arms without government interference.
C) License to speak, vote, assemble, and have access to a free press.
D) Limitation of the power of the monarch.

Question 45

A chief example of English civil liberty was the right to be taxed

A) If male and 21 years of age.
B) On real estate but not on personal property.
C) Only by duly elected representatives.
D) With the ability to pay taken into consideration.

Question 46

A concept of British government known as __________ was composed of two elements-the rule of law and the principle of consent.

A) Concurrent governance.
B) Constitutionalism.
C) Federalism.
D) State's rights.

Question 47

The concept of virtual representation held that

A) Colonial assemblies could communicate their wishes to Parliament.
B) Each member of Parliament acted on behalf of the whole empire.
C) The king's advisors kept him informed about his subject's needs.
D) Those in England were in a better position to know how colonies could benefit the empire than colonists were.

Question 48

Because of colonial opposition, the Stamp Tax was

A) Altered so that residents of Virginia and Massachusetts were exempted and instead paid an annual in-lieu-of-tax fee.
B) More costly to collect and in the end yielded little revenue for Parliament.
C) Never enforced.
D) Suspended until 1770.

Question 49

What was Parliament's attitude following the repeal of the Stamp Tax?

A) They agreed to accept tribute payments from colonial legislatures instead of taxes.
B) They decided to make peace with France because money to continue the war was unavailable.
C) They passed the Declaratory Act, which asserted Parliament's power and authority over the colonies.
D) They withdrew military personnel because colonists refused to pay their expenses.

Question 50

Why did Prime Minister Charles Townshend choose to impose new duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea in 1767?

A) He wanted colonists to use less of these goods.
B) He wanted to retaliate against the colonists' nonimportation movement.
C) He believed that such "external taxes" would not stir controversy in the colonies.
D) He knew that colonists could not live without any of these goods.

Question 51

Republicanism represented a growing body of thought on the role of government that believed that

A) Power is always dangerous and those who wield it must be watched carefully.
B) Private property rights always trumped civil rights.
C) Less government was the best government.
D) Women should be permitted to vote, serve on juries, and hold public office.

Question 52

According to republican thought,

A) Government involvement in business led to bloated budgets and social engineering.
B) Republics failed because citizens lost their virtue.
C) The business of government was to help, not regulate, business.
D) Upper classes were best qualified to lead governments.

Question 53

What led Governor Francis Bernard to dissolve the Massachusetts legislature?

A) Bernard resented the unruly atmosphere that characterized legislative sessions.
B) Prime Minister Charles Townshend was offended by a letter from Sam Adams criticizing his administration.
C) The legislature refused to rescind a request urging other colonial legislatures to resist Townshend's taxation program.
D) The Sons of Liberty took over the legislative chambers.

Question 54

What was the effect of colonial resistance to the Townshend taxes?

A) British conservatives agreed with the colonists' attitude, and antitax riots began in London.
B) Colonials avoided paying taxes an additional year.
C) Politicization of ordinary men and women grew more intense with each incident.
D) Prime Minister Townshend resigned.

Question 55

British troops sent to Boston in 1768 were

A) Supposed to maintain order and enforce customs regulations.
B) Ordered to create a diversion while Hessian troops were dispatched to Philadelphia.
C) Supposed to arrest John Hancock and confiscate his warehouses of smuggled tea.
D) All of the above.

Question 56

Why did the incident known as the Boston Massacre occur on March 5, 1770?

A) Citizens masquerading as Indians charged the customhouse.
B) Governor Francis Bernard ordered troops to fire on protesting citizens.
C) Soldiers panicked when a mob formed and a scuffle broke out.
D) Someone in a crowd of protestors fired at guards protecting the customhouse.

Question 57

Which event directly preceded the Boston Massacre?

A) The Liberty riot.
B) The Intolerable Acts.
C) The signing of the Treaty of Paris.
D) The Stamp Act protests.

Question 58

What was Parliament's purpose in legislation permitting the British East India Company to send tea directly to America?

A) To force colonists to pay the tea tax after all.
B) To provoke colonists into another protest to justify more stringent measures such as martial law and confiscation of weapons.
C) To reduce transportation costs because the American colonies were closer to India than England was.
D) To save the company from bankruptcy.

Question 59

How did activist leaders in the colonies react to the Tea Act of 1773?

A) They encouraged greater consumption of tea to help preserve an English tradition.
B) They called for Parliament to stop interfering in businesses such as the East India Company.
C) They regarded the law as an attempt to convince colonists to accept taxation without representation.
D) They were too concerned with the Stamp Act to bother with the Tea Act.

Question 60

How did Parliament respond to the Boston Tea Party in December 1773?

A) Parliament joked that the colonials had hosted the largest tea party in history.
B) Parliament passed the Coercive Acts, which included closing the port of Boston and taking over the colony's governance.
C) Some members protested, but in the end the constitutionally protected right of assembly had to be accepted.
D) Parliament suspended Massachusetts from the British Empire for a period of 10 years and imposed a fine of $50,000 for destroying 20 tons of tea.

Question 61

What role did English colonists play in England's four wars with France between 1689 and 1763?

Question 62

Discuss English and French goals in the French and Indian War and the consequences of the war for each empire.

Question 63

Explain why the relationship between colonists and the mother country eroded after 1763.

Question 64

How did Parliament and colonials differ on concepts of government and empire?