Deck 5: The Eighteenth-Century World, 1700-1775

Question 1

What benefit did slaves experience in the task system?

Answer 1

It provided slaves with a modicum of autonomy.

Question 2

How were most slaves obtained in Africa?

Answer 2

Trade with African chieftains.

Question 3

Colonials who worked on farms for others were called what?

Answer 3

Cottagers.

Question 4

What vision did James Oglethorpe have for the colony of Georgia?

Question 5

The preaching of what evangelist sparked the Great Awakening?

Question 6

The case involving John Peter Zenger involved differing interpretations of laws governing what?

Question 7

Slaves accounted for half the population of what city in the English colonies?

Question 8

Relative overcrowding in well-established colonies led to what?

Question 9

What did the founders of Georgia expect its citizens to produce?

Question 10

Who advocated inoculation against smallpox?

Question 11

What impact did the proliferations of the market economy have on Americans' religious beliefs?

A) Economic opportunities validated and deepened their religious beliefs.
B) Americans tried desperately to defend their personal greed with scripture.
C) The emerging market economy taught preachers and new denominations how to sell themselves to prospective believers.
D) The temptations of consumption and wealth offered in the market economy triggered spiritual anxieties.

Question 12

Which of the following were England's North American colonies chronically short on?

A) Jobs.
B) Workers.
C) Investment opportunities.
D) Land.

Question 13

The largest number of immigrants to the American colonies in the eighteenth century were

A) African.
B) Creole.
C) Spanish.
D) Scots-Irish.

Question 14

Most Scots-Irish settled

A) Among liberal Quakers, who accepted them more easily.
B) At the edge of the frontier.
C) Between English settlers on the seaboard and Indian communities.
D) In cities along the Atlantic seaboard.

Question 15

German immigrants tended to settle

A) As close to Indian villages as possible to take advantage of trading opportunities.
B) In the backcountry from Pennsylvania to the Carolinas.
C) On neat, tidy farms along the seaboard.
D) Outside established communities in New England.

Question 16

Colonies that welcomed the widest variety of immigrants

A) Were also the colonies with the greatest dependence on subsidies from Parliament.
B) Were the most prosperous.
C) Were troubled by greater dissent.
D) Waited for one group to dominate.

Question 17

The rate of population growth of Africans in colonial society was

A) Approximately the same as that of the Scots-Irish.
B) Even more dramatic than that of Europeans.
C) Lowered by increasing opposition to slavery.
D) More than the demand for slaves.

Question 18

Between 1619, possibly when the first African slaves reached Virginia, and the elimination of the international slave trade in the United States in 1808, approximately how many Africans arrived?

A) About 250,000.
B) Approximately 1 million.
C) 4 million.
D) Slightly more than 500,000.

Question 19

What was the status of most slaves when Europeans traded for them in Africa?

A) Captives of war.
B) Criminals.
C) Religious outcasts.
D) Volunteers.

Question 20

Time that Africans spent aboard ship en route to enslavement in America was called

A) Hell on earth.
B) Middle passage.
C) Purgatory.
D) The good old days.

Question 21

Most of the increase in the slave population in America came from

A) England's desire to eliminate Portugal from Africa.
B) Increased immigration.
C) Natural increase.
D) Slaves seeking refuge in America.

Question 22

A principal reason for the general increase in colonial population was the

A) Lower age of marriage for women and more women marrying.
B) Need for more families to provide welfare services.
C) Policy of Parliament to grant tax incentives for couples.
D) Population race with Spain.

Question 23

Child mortality among slaves was

A) About the same as the mortality rate of whites.
B) Between 25 and 50 percent.
C) Less than 25 percent.
D) Lower than the mortality rate of whites.

Question 24

The average family in colonial America had

A) About 500 acres.
B) An annual income of perhaps $500 per capita.
C) Seven or eight children.
D) Several couples and their children sharing a log cabin.

Question 25

The term "industrious revolution" refers to

A) An early effort to organize labor unions.
B) Getting more slaves to do work necessary for prosperity.
C) Introduction of labor-saving machinery in America.
D) People producing more so they would have more income to spend.

Question 26

The economy of colonial America was shaped by shortages of land and

A) Capital.
B) Credit.
C) Industry.
D) Stimulus spending.

Question 27

In colonial America, work was organized by

A) Age.
B) Each according to his ability.
C) Gender.
D) Labor unions.

Question 28

Most colonial men whose wives died

A) Lived in communities to save living expenses.
B) Remained unmarried until they could afford another family.
C) Remarried quickly to have someone to care for the household and children.
D) Returned to their families or moved in with their in-laws.

Question 29

Southern colonies

A) Accounted for 60 percent of colonial exports.
B) Had no natural ports.
C) Led the colonies in literacy because more children attended school in southern colonies.
D) Suffered from the highest rate of unemployment.

Question 30

The chief cash crop among southern colonies was

A) Corn.
B) Cotton.
C) Sugarcane.
D) Tobacco.

Question 31

How did planters keep their slaves busy all year?

A) Assigning them specific tasks.
B) Diversifying crops.
C) Making them accountable for daily tasks.
D) Rotating slaves to plantations where additional work awaited them.

Question 32

What accounted for the relative prosperity of Pennsylvania in the middle of the eighteenth century?

A) A strong government under the Society of Friends.
B) The frugal thrift of its Scots-Irish settlers.
C) Its easy access to landownership.
D) Its aggressive monetary policy.

Question 33

An export shipment from New England in the middle of the eighteenth century would have most likely consisted of

A) Wheat for England.
B) Corn to Mexico.
C) Slaves to New York.
D) Livestock for the West Indies.

Question 34

By the end of the colonial period, what portion of the English merchant fleet had been built in America?

A) One-half.
B) One-third.
C) Three-quarters.
D) Two-thirds.

Question 35

An increase in the shipbuilding industry in colonial America also stimulated what other industry?

A) Harvesting omega-3 oil from fish.
B) Lumber production.
C) Smuggling.
D) Weather prediction.

Question 36

Shippers in northeastern colonial seaports can be said to have been beneficiaries of

A) The Navigation Acts.
B) The Intolerable Acts.
C) The Stamp Act.
D) The Anglican church.

Question 37

In the seventeenth century, Americans would have spent their extra income on which of the following?

A) A delicate summer bonnet.
B) Linens.
C) Expensive tobacco.
D) A vacation home in Barbados.

Question 38

In the eighteenth century, people on both sides of the Atlantic developed an interest in a lifestyle known as

A) Chivalry.
B) Gentility.
C) Noblesse oblige.
D) White man's burden.

Question 39

All major cities in colonial America were

A) Losing population by the beginning of the eighteenth century.
B) Ports or centers for the fur trade.
C) Prosperous.
D) "Sores on the body politic," according to the evangelist George Whitefield.

Question 40

In colonial homes, matched sets of tableware and chairs primarily underscored

A) Ease of identification of lost items.
B) Equality of all guests.
C) Pretension of the middle class to rise to high society.
D) Prosperity of the hosts.

Question 41

Historians generally credit the consumer revolution in colonial America as being a

A) Democratic force.
B) Great benefit to merchants but a detriment to consumers.
C) Reason why the House of Burgesses opposed the Stamp Act.
D) Wedge of separation between the colonies and England.

Question 42

Social activity in colonial cities was

A) Greatly stratified, yet brought people of all classes together.
B) Limited to business and church affairs.
C) Based not on class distinctions but on ability.
D) Prohibitively expensive for most Americans.

Question 43

Any newcomer to a colonial town was most likely learn the most about the place and its people by

A) Speaking to the local magistrate.
B) Eating its local fare.
C) Talking to people at the taverns.
D) Reading the local daily.

Question 44

Working people in colonial cities

A) Accepted the principle of proportional representation more readily than those who lived in rural areas.
B) Could attend church more regularly than yeomen.
C) Enjoyed greater longevity than farmers.
D) Sometimes resorted to mob action to assert their political views.

Question 45

"Land pressure" refers to

A) A dip in the value of real estate.
B) Efforts to convince government officials to convey more generous grants of land.
C) Owning significant acreage but without expendable income.
D) Relative overcrowding in certain areas.

Question 46

Usually colonial parents

A) Divided their land with sons and gave daughters moveable property.
B) Entailed their estate so subsequent generations would have an inheritance.
C) Expected children to establish their own households by the age of 21.
D) Followed the English practice of primogeniture.

Question 47

Chesapeake planters modeled themselves after

A) Elite members of London society.
B) English country gentlemen.
C) French courtiers.
D) Lords of medieval manors.

Question 48

Planters in South Carolina

A) Preferred to live in elegant houses in Charleston than on their plantations.
B) Rarely worked because overseers kept slaves busy.
C) Struggled to maintain political control over the increasing city population.
D) Were forced to remain on plantations to keep slaves working efficiently.

Question 49

What accounted for the relative autonomy of slaves in the South Carolina low country?

A) The slaves' separate language.
B) The slaves' escape to the Sea Islands.
C) The slaves' rejection of African culture.
D) The absence of owners on large plantations.

Question 50

How did colonial elites respond to the Stono Rebellion of 1739?

A) They declared war on Spain.
B) They agreed to minimal conditions for slaves.
C) They looked to import new African slaves who were more compliant.
D) They sought to curb the import of African slaves and encourage European immigration instead.

Question 51

Colonists in South Carolina wanted a colony founded south of its location

A) As a buffer between themselves and Spanish Florida.
B) So South Carolina could serve as its market outlet.
C) To prevent England from ceding the territory to Spain.
D) To provide a reservation for Indians.

Question 52

________ was founded as a philanthropic venture and a military-commercial outpost.

A) Carolina.
B) Georgia.
C) Maryland.
D) Pennsylvania.

Question 53

James Oglethorpe hoped his new colony would produce

A) Ships and ship stores.
B) Sugar and indigo.
C) Tobacco and fur.
D) Wine, olives, and silk.

Question 54

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening

A) Appealed to the same sorts of people.
B) Reflected the common belief that all humans were politically and spiritually equal.
C) Had little influence on developments in Europe.
D) None of the statements is accurate.

Question 55

The Enlightenment was a belief that

A) Human emotion provided the best guide for important decisions.
B) Man should concentrate on getting to Heaven, not improving himself on Earth.
C) Revelation from God advanced human understanding.
D) Understanding and improving the universe could be achieved through the human mind.

Question 56

Enlightenment thinkers

A) Advocated faith healing as opposed to the practice of medicine.
B) Believed in rational thinking and scoffed at superstition.
C) Followed traditional Christian teachings.
D) Placed a copy of the Ten Commandments in all schoolrooms.

Question 57

The Great Awakening in the 1740s was a

A) Medical breakthrough in the care of encephalitis.
B) Realization that Parliament took unfair advantage of colonial commerce.
C) Revival movement with an emotional appeal.
D) Triumph of reason over emotion.

Question 58

What did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment have in common?

A) They understood people as naturally born sinners.
B) They emphasized the power of the human mind.
C) They affirmed the racial equality of black and white.
D) They criticized established authority.

Question 59

The Great Awakening

A) Tended to split church membership.
B) Had little effect on American colonists.
C) Was influential only in American cities.
D) Was influential only on the frontier.

Question 60

Yale College was founded in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1701 as a

A) Means to guarantee a proper Calvinist education for ministers.
B) Secular institution because all other colleges were affiliated with religious organizations.
C) Training school for ministers of the Church of England.
D) Way to keep Harvard College from having a monopoly in training Presbyterian ministers.

Question 61

Discuss the development of the industrious revolution and the consumer revolution in the English colonies.

Question 62

Compare and contrast diverging regional societies and cultures in mid-eighteenth-century English colonies in North America.

Question 63

How did the Enlightenment change colonial attitudes toward society and government?

Question 64

What produced the Great Awakening and how did it affect the English colonies in America?