Deck 26: The Table of Democracy, 1960-1968

Question 1

________was the author of The Feminine Mystique, and she helped found the National Organization of Women in 1966.

Answer 1

Betty Friedan

Question 2

Explain the significance of Ralph Nader in the 1960s.

Answer 2

This consumer rights activist authored the report Unsafe at Any Speed, which helped to launch the consumer rights' movement in the United States.

Question 3

______ was the Republican nominee for president in 1968. He promised to end the Vietnam War and unify the country but also exploited the nation's social divisions to secure victory.

Answer 3

Richard Nixon

Question 4

What did "flexible response mean?

Question 5

__________ wrote the book Silent Spring and brought about a renewed environmental consciousness in America.

Question 6

Those who opposed President Johnson's policies in Vietnam were characterized as __________.

Question 7

Those who supported President Johnson's policies in Vietnam were characterized as __________.

Question 8

Cofounders of the Black Panther Party were ___________ and ____________.

Question 9

_________ was the segregationist governor who tried to stop two black students from enrolling at the University of Alabama.

Question 10

________ were the tactic initiated in Greensboro, North Carolina, by which black male protestors would demand to be served in whites-only lunch counters. When staff refused, the men would politely sit, refusing to leave.

Question 11

Which of the following statements characterizes what Franklin McCain and his friends expected when they sat down at the lunch counter at the Greensboro, North Carolina, Woolworth's lunch counter?

A) To order lunch.
B) Meet their friends from school
C) They might get beaten and arrested.
D) They would be ignored.

Question 12

One of the results of the sit-ins was

A) The creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
B) That young men and women, some of them college students, found that their individual actions could change the world.
C) That Woolworth and other large stores allowed their employees to serve African American clients.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

The result of such a grassroots movement as the sit-ins energized

A) Whites to use the same tactics to gain admission to blacks-only bars and restaurants.
B) Other groups to confront their own civil rights issues.
C) The young and morally righteous who could effect social change.
D) None of the above.

Question 14

The civil rights organization that sprang from the sit-ins was the

A) Congress of Racial Equality.
B) Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
C) Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.
D) Christian Coalition.

Question 15

Civil rights activists, liberals, conservatives, and members of the "New Left" had one thing in common:

A) They were segregated organizations.
B) Their membership was youth driven.
C) They were controlled by college administrators.
D) They believed "deliberate speed" was an acceptable pace for change.

Question 16

"New Liberalism" advocated all of the following except

A) A balanced budget.
B) Full employment.
C) Strong consumer demand.
D) A growing gross national product.

Question 17

"New Conservatism" is characterized by all of the following except

A) A belief in individual freedom.
B) A more aggressive anti-Communist foreign policy.
C) An isolationist foreign policy.
D) Hostility to federal government power.

Question 18

Which of the following was not true about the New Left?

A) It mostly attracted college students.
B) It favored radical solutions to social problems.
C) It opposed repressive college rules and regulations.
D) It took more radical positions on union rights and labor contracts.

Question 19

The new young postwar conservatives had __________ as their popular spokesman.

A) William Buckley
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Barry Goldwater
D) Russell Kirk

Question 20

What appeared to be John F. Kennedy's biggest handicap in the 1960 election?

A) His lack of charisma.
B) The inexperience of his vice president.
C) His poor health.
D) His Catholic faith.

Question 21

Kennedy defeated Nixon in 1960 by

A) A popular vote margin of fewer than 120,000.
B) Just 12 electoral votes.
C) Winning the three largest states, New York, California, and Pennsylvania.
D) Sweeping the western states, which supported his call for a "New Frontier."

Question 22

To ensure the success of liberty, President Kennedy vowed in his inaugural address to do all of the following except

A) "Support any friend."
B) "Bear any burden."
C) "Meet any hardship."
D) "Spread liberalism abroad."

Question 23

Early developments in the space program included all of the following except

A) Alan Shepard's suborbital flight.
B) President Kennedy's pledge to land a man on the moon before 1970.
C) Formation of the Soviet-American space station.
D) The Telstar communications satellite.

Question 24

All of the following occurred in the critical year of 1963 in reference to the end to segregation except

A) The Freedom Rides.
B) The letter from Birmingham Jail.
C) The enrollment of two African Americans at the University of Alabama.
D) Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech.

Question 25

One reason that Kennedy could become a vocal supporter of the civil rights movement was

A) Jackie Kennedy's continuous support of black artists.
B) That the civil rights movement was gaining broad-based support.
C) That he and Martin Luther King Jr. had reached an understanding of just how far the movement would push.
D) That he and Lyndon Johnson had finally worked out a strategy for their own civil rights plan.

Question 26

The Kennedy administration's defense policy

A) Reduced the size of the military-industrial complex.
B) Overcame the "missile gap" between the United States and the Soviet Union.
C) Restricted the power of the CIA.
D) Stressed a "flexible response."

Question 27

Compared with President Eisenhower, President Kennedy

A) Was in better physical health and had more energy to confront the Soviet Union.
B) Was more willing to intervene in the affairs of the Third World.
C) Was a more ardent anti-Communist.
D) Believed the United States was unbeatable.

Question 28

To counter the appeal of Communism, the Kennedy administration supported

A) Modernization programs.
B) Democratic political reforms.
C) The Peace Corps.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

Like his predecessor President Eisenhower, President Kennedy used __________ to make certain that the Soviets did not gain control.

A) The Greenpeace Party
B) Guerilla warriors
C) The National Drug Agency
D) The CIA

Question 30

One of the results of the construction of the Berlin Wall was

A) A further cooling of U.S.-Soviet relations.
B) A breakdown of U.S.-German relations
C) Defusing the crisis along the Iron Curtain
D) The permanent division of Germany's capital.

Question 31

President Kennedy confronted the Soviets over their construction of launch sites for nuclear missiles in Cuba. Kennedy's initial response was to

A) Recognize the legitimacy of the Castro government so that the Soviets would remove their warheads and missiles.
B) Order a naval quarantine of the Caribbean island.
C) Threaten to invade the island.
D) Shut off American aid to all countries that recognized Castro's government.

Question 32

In return for the withdrawal of Soviet missiles in Cuba, the United States

A) Promised to take down the Berlin Wall.
B) Vowed never to fly spy sorties over the Soviet Union again.
C) Removed tank battalions from West Germany.
D) Removed obsolete missiles from Turkey.

Question 33

Which of the following weaknesses added to Ngo Dinh Diem's difficulties in stabilizing South Vietnam?

A) His wife made notoriously outrageous remarks about the poor.
B) His devout Buddhist faith prevented him from taking decisive military action.
C) His lack of international experience made it difficult for him to sustain productive relations with the United States.
D) His cold demeanor made him profoundly unpopular with his people, Communist or not.

Question 34

During Kennedy's term in office, the number of American "advisers" in South Vietnam

A) Increased compared with the norm during President Eisenhower's administration.
B) Decreased compared with the norm during President Eisenhower's administration.
C) Stayed the same as in President Eisenhower's administration.
D) America had no advisers in South Vietnam during Kennedy's term in office.

Question 35

What accounts for Americans' public memory of the Kennedy years as a "Camelot"?

A) The administration's unfulfilled promises made Kennedy more mythical and less of a real politician.
B) Kennedy's anglophile manners connected him with European high society more than with the nation's heartland.
C) Kennedy's heavy-handed style reminded Americans more of a monarchy than a democracy.
D) The strong bond between Kennedy and all his staff members and cabinet members made his administration look more like a team than that of his predecessors.

Question 36

Which of the following was not one of the stated goals of the Great Society?

A) End segregation.
B) Wipe out poverty.
C) Enhance the quality of life of all Americans.
D) Erase gender and sexual inequality.

Question 37

President Johnson's "war on poverty"

A) Implemented national health insurance for all Americans.
B) Launched a war on dependence on Middle East oil.
C) Tried to implement programs in South Vietnam to teach the values of democracy.
D) Implemented the Head Start program, which provided early schooling, meals, and medical exams for poor preschool-age children.

Question 38

All of the following except __________ were part of President Johnson's Great Society Program.

A) Volunteers in Service to America
B) The Peace Corps
C) The Department of Housing and Urban Development
D) Community action programs

Question 39

Which of the following environmental issues was not addressed by federal legislation during the Johnson administration?

A) Air pollution.
B) Water pollution.
C) Automobile emissions.
D) Climate change.

Question 40

The Warren Court, named for the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, tended to rule in favor of

A) The enhanced power of state and local governments.
B) The expansion of individual rights, particularly where personal liberties were at issue.
C) Restrictions on civil liberties.
D) All of the above.

Question 41

"Freedom Summer" of 1964 was known for its

A) Banner of the Council of Federated Organizations public awareness campaign.
B) "Battle cry," yelled as civil rights activists were jailed in Greenville, Mississippi.
C) Symbolic peaceful cooperation between black and white civil rights activists working to register black voters in Mississippi.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,

A) Black voter registration in Mississippi grew from 6 to 44 percent.
B) The Democratic Party was able to cement their stronghold in the South.
C) Voter turnout across the nation surged in the 1970s.
D) Southern whites lost control of Southern politics.

Question 43

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did all of the following, except

A) Ban segregation.
B) Prohibit employers from discriminating on account of sex.
C) Transform the South.
D) Secure the rule of the Democratic Party that had enacted the law.

Question 44

On August 2, 1964, the U.S. destroyer Maddox was

A) Off the coast of North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin.
B) Part of a scheme to allow President Johnson to expand the war in Vietnam.
C) Possibly attacked by three North Vietnamese torpedo boats.
D) All of the above.

Question 45

The Gulf of Tonkin resolution

A) Followed an unprovoked attack by North Vietnam on American ground troops.
B) Provided a justification for the introduction of American troops.
C) Was hotly debated and passed by a narrow margin.
D) Led to a Congressional declaration of war three days later.

Question 46

All of the following are accurate characterizations of the war at home except that

A) It had a divisive impact.
B) It created an impassioned antiwar movement.
C) It did not allow the young to make their voices heard.
D) Some Democrats believed the United States was backing a dictatorial and undemocratic government in South Vietnam.

Question 47

That there were more than 300 race riots in American cities can be explained as

A) Reactionary policies of American police forces.
B) Proof that King's nonviolence protest was pointless.
C) A dramatization of the conflict between the promises of the Great Society programs and the reality of life in black America.
D) Communist infiltrations of the civil rights movement, as the FBI believed.

Question 48

The philosophical foundation of Malcolm X was his

A) Sermons that called whites "devils."
B) Belief in radical segregation.
C) Islamic faith.
D) Belief that African Americans should acquire freedom "by any means necessary."

Question 49

The counterculture was a disruptive force in the 1960s where the war, civil rights, and individual rights were concerned because it

A) Advocated drugs, sex, and rock and roll.
B) Encouraged Americans to question authority and conventional values.
C) Protected those members of the antiwar movement, including the Weathermen.
D) Rejected materialism and consumerism.

Question 50

The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 to

A) Push for the civil rights of women.
B) Counter the power wielded by the EEOC.
C) Force President Johnson to put more women in government programs designed to deal with women's issues.
D) Protest such pageants as the Miss America Pageant, which they said exploited women.

Question 51

American students were not the only college-age people who protested their governments' actions or inactions. Regardless of where the protests occurred, they had all of the following in common except that

A) They were generally unsuccessful in achieving social and political change.
B) They were opposed to the repressive bureaucratized societies they were growing up in.
C) The movements originated with the young, who did not necessarily support their nation's Cold War actions.
D) The protestors could expect some sort of violent reaction from their governments.

Question 52

In March 1967, President Johnson shocked the American people by announcing all of the following except that

A) He was calling a halt to the bombing of North Vietnam.
B) He called on the North Vietnamese to enter into peace talks with the Americans.
C) He was firing General William C. Westmoreland.
D) He was not running for reelection.

Question 53

George Wallace, former governor of Alabama, ran for the presidency hoping to capitalize on votes from those who were

A) Opposed to the youth movement.
B) Opposed to the antiwar movement.
C) Opposed to the civil rights movement.
D) All of the above.

Question 54

The election of 1968 gave voice to a new Republican, Ronald Reagan. He advocated

A) Escalating the war in Vietnam.
B) Reducing taxes.
C) Opposition to federal programs such as Medicaid.
D) All of the above.

Question 55

The campaign of 1968 is remembered for all of the following except

A) The assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy.
B) Antiwar demonstrations at the Democratic Convention.
C) President Lyndon Johnson's dramatic victory in the Democratic primary.
D) Former vice president Richard Nixon's narrow popular margin over vice president Hubert Humphrey.

Question 56

All of the following ran for president of the United States in 1968 except

A) George Wallace.
B) Richard Nixon.
C) Teddy Kennedy.
D) Hubert Humphrey.

Question 57

The Tet Offensive

A) Coalesced Americans' worries that the war was not going as well as they were being told because the North Vietnamese were able to launch such an impressive strike so deep into South Vietnam.
B) Refers to South Vietnam's remarkable victory over the invading North Vietnamese army.
C) Was an attack that occurred simultaneously with Thanksgiving in the United States.
D) All of the above.

Question 58

Nixon's election in 1968 is usually attributed to all of the following except

A) Serious divisions in the opposition party.
B) His promise to "end" the Vietnam War.
C) His defense of the "forgotten Americans," later termed the "silent majority."
D) His pledge to dismantle Social Security and Medicare.

Question 59

Why did the United States become a belligerent in the Vietnam War?

Question 60

What did Johnson hope to achieve with his Great Society programs? Did he succeed?

Question 61

How did African American activists go about changing the "with all deliberate speed" attitude about integration?

Question 62

How did the actions of black civil rights activists energize and direct those activists for other kinds of civil rights?